收益视角下我国产业环境压力与经济效益分析

在实现经济效益的同时，兼顾可持续发展已成为推进产业新常态发展的必然选择.本文首先采用多区域投入产出的戈什模型，从行业层面核算了我国各产业2009年的收益侧完全碳排放系数和感应力系数，然后根据2个系数的大小将34个产业部门划分为4大类.实证结果表明：第Ⅰ类行业对经济的推动能力较好，同时对环境产生的负面影响较大.第Ⅱ类行业需要促进行业内整合，提高行业的能源利用率.第Ⅲ类行业属于福利性产业，应当予以保护和支持.Ⅳ类行业具有较高的感应力系数和较低的完全收益侧碳排放系数，兼具行业友好和经济效益，满足当前供给侧结构性改革的内在要求，需要鼓励和发展.     

A simple method for preparing prometaphase chromosomes from amniotic fluid cell cultures

A simple method for preparing prometaphase chromosomes from amniotic fluid cell cultures is described. The technique is based upon several key steps including: (1) reduced colcemid concentration, (2) reduced exposure to trypsin-EDTA, and (3) maintaining cells in single suspension by adjusting cell concentration appropriately. Chromosomes with banding resolution up ot 800 bands per haploid set can be routinely produced. The described methodology is particularly useful in defining and establishing the clinical significance of subtle structural aberrations.     

Simulation of co-incineration of sewage sludge with municipal solid waste in a grate furnace incinerator

Incineration is one of the most important methods in the resource recovery disposal of sewage sludge. The combustion characteristics of sewage sludge and an increasing number of municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration plants provide the possibility of co-incineration of sludge with MSW. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was used to verify the feasibility of co-incineration of sludge with MSW, and predict the effect of co-incineration. In this study, wet sludge and semi-dried sludge were separately blended with MSW as mixed fuels, which were at a co-incineration ratios of 5 wt.% (wet basis, the same below), 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, 20 wt.% and 25 wt.%. The result indicates that co-incineration of 10 wt.% wet sludge with MSW can ensure the furnace temperature, the residence time and other vital items in allowable level, while 20 wt.% of semi-dried sludge can reach the same standards. With lower moisture content and higher low heating value (LHV), semi-dried sludge can be more appropriate in co-incineration with MSW in a grate furnace incinerator.     

建筑施工区域风险研究

根据国内建筑施工过程现状和作业特点,以及国内外学者对建筑施工过程中风险的研究,考虑到建筑施工区域不但面临单体建筑施工的各种风险,还必须克服单体施工过程中时空上相互干扰而带来的风险,构建了单体建筑风险分析模型、确定单体建筑风险的影响梯度、提出建筑施工区域总风险计算方法。示例分析表明,该风险分析模型和计算方法,可以全面系统地预测区域内风险的分布及其变动情况,有助于实施有针对性的风险预防和控制措施,有益于提高建筑施工区域全过程的安全管理水平。     

煤矸石矿井填充过程中微生物作用后发酵液对地下水的影响

煤矸石是排放量最大的工业固废之一,堆积在地面会对环境造成严重影响.对煤矸石矿井填充过程中微生物作用后发酵液对地下水的影响进行研究,对煤矸石井下填充的可行性和安全性具有十分重要的意义.文章以义马跃进矿的长焰煤、煤矸石、矿井水为研究对象,在添加接种物的情况下,以硫酸根、硝酸盐氮、氨氮、硫离子和pH值为研究指标,对发酵液进行测定,结果表明:(1)硫酸盐和产甲烷菌在一定条件下可以共存;(2)整个系统的pH值呈弱碱性;(3)浸泡时间的长短使各指标之间有明显差异,是影响地下水的重要因素.在此基础之上,应继续研究利用煤矸石进行矿井填充的可行性和安全性.     

爆炸冲击波在多级穿廊结构坑道内传播规律的数值分析

数值模型尺寸参照总参工程兵科研三所所建的穿廊结构坑道实体模型,采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立三维穿廊端部不同开闭的数值模型,得出冲击波在多级穿廊结构坑道内的传播规律,并与长直坑道内爆炸冲击波传播规律进行对比分析。结果表明多级穿廊结构端部开放坑道对爆炸冲击波的削弱作用非常显著,一级穿廊结构削弱冲击波强度62％,级数越高,削弱效果越明显;端部封堵时冲击波反射效果明显。     

Do statistical inferences allowing three alternative decisions give better feedback for environmentally precautionary decision-making?

Environmental policies and guidelines often specify standards for environmental indicators. The first part of this paper argues that, where compliance with these standards is assessed with the help of statistical inference, an inference employing a three-alternatives decision rule can provide more sensible feedback to environmental managers for precautionary decision-making. The second part of the paper shows how a three-alternatives statistical inference about compliance with a percentile standard might be applied to a small number of observations using a non-parametric binomial interval. This interval expression of uncertainty results in the sample size requirements for various percentile ranks becoming explicit.     

柴油车尾气处理液应用展望

尾气处理液是柴油车尾气处理SCR技术中所必需的还原剂。本文通过分析柴油车尾气的排放情况及SCR技术应用发展趋势,着重介绍了柴油车尾气处理液的研究现状及应用情况,总结了尾气处理液应用中存在的问题并阐明了后续的发展方向。     

除尘风机磨损的数值分析:叶型和粒度分布的影响

采用CFD技术,基于RNGk-ε紊流模型和磨损模型,研究了不同叶型除尘风机的流场和磨损率,证实了后倾型叶片比直叶片能优化流场,改善磨损,使风机使用寿命延长5倍。计算了一定粒度分布的粒子对后倾叶片中的磨损率。结果表明,颗粒粒径和数量浓度的大小是决定磨损程度的重要因素。因此去除大粒径粉尘、降低小粒径粉尘的数量浓度,是减轻叶片磨损的重要途径之一,更是除尘设备的工作方向。     

泄爆容器中粉尘爆炸的试验研究与数值模拟

为了解泄爆容器中粉尘爆炸的发展过程,采用试验和数值模拟相结合的方法对玉米淀粉在圆柱形容器内的泄爆过程进行研究。数值模型采用欧拉–拉格朗日方法模拟粉尘爆炸的两相流问题,通过求解非稳态的湍流两相反应流守恒方程对试验进行二维仿真。试验和模拟结果表明,点火位置对爆炸发展过程有明显影响,点火位置离泄爆口越远,容器中的最大泄爆压力Pred,max越高。在粉尘爆炸的安全防护设计中,应把点火位置作为重要影响因素之一加以考虑。