悬浮填料生物反应器处理低浓度氨氮的动力学特性分析

城市污水经一级强化处理后,NH3-N浓度为10~15mg/L,CODCr为40~60mg/L。试验利用悬浮填料床对一级强化处理出水中的氨氮进行深度处理,分析了悬浮填料表面负荷和硝化速率与水力停留时间的关系,并模拟分析了硝化速率与氨氮浓度的关系。结果表明,悬浮填料床内混合液氨氮浓度为0.5~2.5mg/L时,硝化反应符合半级反应动力学,半级反应速率常数k1/2为0.48(g/m)0.5/d;混合液氨氮浓度>2.1mg/L时,硝化反应遵循零级反应动力学,rmax为0.71g/(m2.d)。动力学理论计算值与实际运行结果基本吻合,说明动力学模型对悬浮填料床的硝化性能具有良好的预测和指导意义。     

Stability of expanded granular sludge bed process for terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater treatment

Terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater(TPD wastewater), containing averaged 710 mg/L terephthalic acid(TA) as the main carbon source and the character pollutant, was subjected to expanded granular sludge bed(EGSB) process. The stability of the EGSB process was firstly conducted by laboratory experiment. TA ionization was the predominated factor influencing the acid-base balance of the system. High concentration of TA in wastewater resulted in sufficient buffering capacity to neutralize the volatile fatty acids(VFA)generated from substrate degradation and provided strong base for anaerobic system to resist the pH decrease below 6.5. VFA and UFA caused almost no inhibition on the anaerobic process and biogas production except that pH was below 6.35 and VFA was at its maximum value. Along with the granulating of the activated sludge, the efficiency of organic removal and production rate of biogas increased gradually and became more stable. After start-up, the efficiency of COD removal increased to 57%—64%, pH stabilized in a range of 7.99—8.04, and production rate of biogas was relatively high and stable. Sludge granulating, suitable influent of pH and loading were responsible for the EGSB stability. The variation of VFA concentration only resulted in neglectable rebound of pH, and the inhibition from VFA could be ignored in EGSB. The EGSB reactor was stable for TPD wastewater treatment.     

Effect of media heights on the performance of biological aerated filter

The optimum media height of carbon oxidation and nitrification in a down-flow biological aerated filter was determined, and the distribution of the heterotrophic and nitrifying populations through studying the changes of organic carbon contents and ammonia concentration at different media height was got. The results showed that as a down flow BAF with granular media, the active layer of nitrifiere was deeper than heterotrophs in BAF. And the optimum media height for the removal of SS, CODcr and NH4^＋ -N was 40 cm,60cm and 80 cm respectively. The removal efficiency of SS, CODcr and NH4^＋ -N was 79.1%, 63.9% and 96.4% respectively under theinfluent CODcr and NH4^＋ -N of 122.1 mgCODcr/L and 14.84 mgNH4^＋ -N/L, the influent flux of 15.8 L/h, air to liauid ratio of 3 : 1.     

半干法烟气脱硫系统质量热量计算软件

通过对脱硫系统进行合理的假设,分析质量热量平衡模型,开发出一套烟气脱硫循环流化床质量热量平衡计算软件包,经过某热电厂75t/h锅炉脱硫改造工程的运行监测数据验证,计算准确。该软件可以为系统设计、调试和运行控制提供重要参数的预测结果。对某典型算例的计算中还发现灰渣份额hαz和入口飞灰量Gin对高效运行有重要影响。     

温度对生态浮床系统的影响

通过构建生态浮床净化临江河重污染河水,全面考察了温度对浮床系统的影响.结果表明,温度对生态浮床系统有明显的影响作用,对生态浮床系统氮、磷净化效果的影响呈抛物线型.在水温为2~29℃时,生态浮床对TN和TP的去除率随温度的增加而明显增加;当水温超过29℃时,系统对TN和TP的去除率随温度的增加呈下降趋势;且温度对TN去除效果的影响要大于对TP的影响.研究表明,浮床系统的最佳运行水温为25~29℃,此时浮床植物的平均株高为209.9cm,对氮、磷的平均累积量分别为69.84,19.73g/m2;浮床对TN和TP的去除率分别为38.7%~44.1%和38.6%~43.6%.     

滤层厚度对慢滤池深度处理污水的性能影响

将慢滤池用于污水二级出水的深度处理,并利用小试装置研究了滤层厚度对慢滤池性能的影响。选取浊度、COD和色度三个指标,在滤层不同深度处多次取样,分析各指标沿滤层厚度的变化。结果表明,采用粒径为0．4～0．6mm,滤层厚度为800mm的石英砂做滤床时,慢滤池对二级出水具有较好的净化效果：当进水浊度、COD和色度分别为1.3～6．9NTU、30．4～70．0mg·L^-1和20．6°～57．6°时,平均去除率分别达到86．5％、45．0％和46．3％。从试验结果可以看出,慢滤池类似一个微缩的污水二级处理系统,滤层表面的粘性滤膜起到类似初沉池的作用,可以对各指标实现较好的去除,58．6％的浊度、52．7％的COD和45．7％的色度是在滤层上部去除的;慢滤池中部起到类似曝气池的作用,下部起到类似二沉池的作用,对水质指标也能实现一定的去除。     

沸石复合填料生物流化床在污水处理中的试验

新型沸石复合填料生物流化床的填料为悬浮填料与沸石的有机组合体,该填料表面粗糙比表面积为711～1185m²/m³,是悬浮填料的2～3倍,且在污水处理中,挂膜容易,生物相丰富,且不易脱落;该新型填料生物膜致密,沸石内部的孔穴中长有较多的原生物,有利于氨氮的转化.实验结果表明,当流化床深度处理生活污水处于稳定状态时,出水COD_Cr浓度为15.2～28.7mg/L,去除率为48%～84.5%;出水NH₄⁺-N浓度≤2mg/L,去除率92%～98%.处理后的生活污水达到发电厂循环冷却水水质指标.     

生物循环流化床工艺自养反硝化研究

对城市污水厂排水进行深度处理时,生物循环流化床提供的兼性环境有利于好氧硝化细菌和兼性厌氧自养反硝化细菌的生长,自养反硝化细菌可以在低有机碳源的情况下,以硫为电子供体进行自养反硝化从而去除NO₃--N. 试验以硫作为反硝化的电子供体引入自主研发的生物循环流化床中进行脱氮,试验进水各项指标参照北京市水污染物排放标准(DB11 307-2005)二级限值. 在6个不同的工况下运行,工况5出水水质可达到国家再生利用景观环境用水的水质,出水ρ(NO₃--N)为9.23 mg/L,去除率为70.61%;出水ρ(NH₄+-N)为2.36 mg/L,去除率为77.54%;出水ρ(TN)为13.53 mg/L,去除率为68.91%;出水ρ(SO₄2-)为245.15 mg/L,去除的NO₃－-N与生成的SO₄2－质量比为1∶7.7.      

流化填料在城市污水厂污泥减量中的试验

采用投加流化填料的方法对传统的城市污水处理厂工艺进行改造，可降低剩余污泥的产量，减少污水处理厂在污泥处理上的费用，并且在改造中不需要土建投资，不需要停水停产。本试验对老城市污水处理厂的挖潜、节能、升级改造具有实际意义。     

坑口电站锅炉磨损特性研究

坑口电站可以直接将一次能源转化为二次能源,减少输煤损失和环境污染,具有很大的优势.根据矿区多产煤矸石的特点,循环流化床锅炉得到了广泛的应用,它有煤种适应性强、效率高等许多优点,但各受热面磨损较快,影响安全运行.本文从设计、运行等方面研究循环流化床锅炉的受热面磨损特性问题,并以龙煤集团某1×135 MW机组锅炉磨损为研究对象,通过对床料特性、运行参数、受热面结构布置、燃料特性等方面的影响分析,在防磨材料、结构设计、施工、运行等方面,给出了安全对策措施,从而可以保证坑口电站循环流化床锅炉的长期安全稳定运行.