Effect of media heights on the performance of biological aerated filter

The optimum media height of carbon oxidation and nitrification in a down-flow biological aerated filter was determined, and the distribution of the heterotrophic and nitrifying populations through studying the changes of organic carbon contents and ammonia concentration at different media height was got. The results showed that as a down flow BAF with granular media, the active layer of nitrifiere was deeper than heterotrophs in BAF. And the optimum media height for the removal of SS, CODcr and NH4^＋ -N was 40 cm,60cm and 80 cm respectively. The removal efficiency of SS, CODcr and NH4^＋ -N was 79.1%, 63.9% and 96.4% respectively under theinfluent CODcr and NH4^＋ -N of 122.1 mgCODcr/L and 14.84 mgNH4^＋ -N/L, the influent flux of 15.8 L/h, air to liauid ratio of 3 : 1.     

大中型锅炉应用双循环流化床烟气脱硫装置的技术经济分析

介绍了自主研制的双循环流化床烟气悬浮脱硫技术（DCFBFGD）的工艺流程、技术特点,并以里彦电厂的一台430t／h燃煤锅炉为例,对大中型锅炉应用此项技术进行了技术经济分析。分析表明,该脱硫装置适合大中型锅炉的脱硫改造,投资费用和运行成本低。     

内循环流化床光催化反应器的数值模拟与结构优化

设计了一种新型三相内循环流化床光催化反应器并采用气、液两相模拟方法对其进行了结构优化.依据模拟结果,明确了挡板的位置、长度、底部曝气面积等因素对反应器流体行为的影响.结果表明,最优反应器升、降流区横截面积比为1:1,挡板距反应器底部的距离为0.175m,挡板顶部与沉降区底部持平,底部曝气面积为升流区面积的1.2倍.将该反应器进行三相数值模拟,模拟结果表明,固相催化剂在反应器内能够很好地流化,反应器内无明显的死区,其固液分界面低于气液分界面,沉降区能够发挥很好的固液分离效果.     

悬浮填料浮动床石化废水处理初步研究

对悬浮填料浮动床进行了充氧能力试验和石化废水处理试验,初步结果表明,当填料投加率为５０％ 时,在与普通曝气池相同条件下,可使反应器充氧能力提高至无填料时的２ 倍以上． 在普通生物反应器内投加填料在不改变其生化反应条件下,进水ＣＯＤ３００～５００ｍ ｇ／Ｌ,ＮＨ₃－Ｎ２４～３５ｍ ｇ／Ｌ时,出水ＣＯＤ＜ ９０ｍ ｇ／Ｌ,ＮＨ₃－Ｎ＜ １５ｍ ｇ／Ｌ．     

内旋流流化床埋管传热研究

垃圾焚烧系统中,内旋流流化床存在不同布风速度的移动区、流动区和换热区,处于换热区的埋管的对流换热系数受附近流动区气流参数的影响,其变化趋势及数值大小与普通鼓泡型流化床之间有明显不同:最大的对流换热系数明显高于鼓泡床;换热区尚未流化时,对流换热系数己经大幅提高;整条换热曲线的变化比较平缓,易于流化床浓相床内换热。      

海绵铁感应热固定床对染料废水脱色研究

感应热固定床(IHBF)在有机废水非均相反应中,通过能量靶向作用于磁性滤料微界面,形成固液相界面高温微反应区,实现了有机废水低能耗高效降解.本文探讨了海绵铁感应热固定床处理直接紫D-BL废水的运行条件和机理.结果表明,在进水pH值6~7,水温为30 ℃,HRT为2.08min的条件下,运行30min后脱色率高达93.5%.降解溶液的UV-vis结果表明,直接紫D-BL在554nm和220nm的特征峰消失.通过SEM-EDS技术对Ni-SI降解前后的样品进行表征,结果显示,降解后Ni-SI中的Fe形成了Fe的氧化物和氢氧化物.根据降解、表征分析其反应机理,推断是直接紫D-BL首先吸附在海绵铁颗粒表面,接着铁与水反应产生的H2在Ni的催化和局部高温作用下产生大量的氢自由基,并与直接紫D-BL发生催化还原反应,使得分子中最毒性的共轭双键和苯环断开而降解.此外对酸性黑10B废水、直接大红D-GLN废水和实际染料废水分别进行试验,脱色率分别达到82%、78%、81%左右,表明海绵铁感应热固定床在染料工业废水处理中具有良好的应用潜力.     

诱导结晶反应器运行性能研究

以含铜废水为处理对象,将流化床和固定床两种诱导结晶反应器进行对比试验。结果表明:当进水含铜浓度为20 mg/L时,流化床反应器出水含铜量为0～2 mg/L,出水含铜量在0～11 mg/L;利用SEM-EDS可以发现,流化床形成的结晶产物生长致密、晶形明确、产物纯度高,固定床形成的结晶产物在载体表面分布不均、结构疏松,纯度较低。     

Suspended solid abatement in a conical fluidized bed flocculator

With the random movement of silica gel beads in a conical fluidized bed, micro-vortices resulting from the fluidization promoted the collision and aggregation of suspended fine kaolin powders. The abatement efficiencies of the suspended fine solids under several hydrodynamic conditions were studied, and a suitable control strategy for operating the conical fluidized bed flocculators was identified. The suspended solids abatement efficiency was found to increase with increasing Camp Number and flocculation time (T), but decreased with the increase of velocity gradient (G) within the range studied in this research (165.1–189.6 s^-1). The abatement efficiencies were all more than 60% at the range of G = 165–180 s^-1 and T = 15–33 s at an initial kaolin solid concentration of 150 mg·L^-1, polymer aluminum chloride dosage of 60 mg·L^-1 and sedimentation time of 20 min. However, the formation of flocs was influenced by the liquid backmixing. Excessive backmixing caused the breakup of flocs and resulted in difficulty for the fine powders to aggregate and sediment to the reactor bottom. The results of the calculated fractal dimension and measured free sedimentation velocity of flocs obtained at different runs showed similar flocs properties, and indicated an easy control strategy for sedimentation of the flocs.     

几种焦化废水深度处理技术的比较

分别采用Fenton试剂氧化法、固定床离子交换树脂吸附法和流化床磁性树脂吸附法对某焦化厂焦化废水生化工艺出水进行深度处理.试验结果表明:Fenton试剂氧化法处理后出水COD去除率最高达75.4％,色度去除率达89.1％;固定床离子交换树脂吸附法COD去除率为49.4％,色度去除率为96.5％;流化床磁性树脂吸附法COD去除率为58.2％,色度去除率为90.2％.Fenton试剂氧化法COD去除率较高,固定床离子交换树脂吸附法和流化床磁性树脂吸附法色度去除率较高.综合考虑,Fenton试剂氧化法具有更高的工程应用价值.     

一种新型煤层气旋转控制头旋转总成的温升影响因素分析

可靠有效的冷却润滑系统是旋转控制头安全、高效工作的保证。结合现有成熟技术,设计出一种集冷却润滑系统与旋转总成为一体的新型旋转控制头。为确保其旋转总成冷却润滑的要求,建立1/2实体三维数值模型,分析了密封井压、钻杆转速、井口偏心距对其温升的影响。结果表明:三影响因素均是旋转总成温升的主要因素,随三者的增大旋转总成的热平衡最高温升呈非线性增大,但在其运转所允许的温升范围内;三影响因素对旋转总成的动密封系统温升的影响最为明显,说明动密封系统是旋转总成的主要热源点;井口偏心距的增大较另外两种影响因素的增大,对旋转总成的热平衡最高温升值影响更大,进一步证实了旋转控制头安装过程中减少井口偏心距的重要性。