生物流化床处理生活污水的动力学研究

本研究采用颗粒活性炭（Granule Activated Carbon,GAC）为填料,考察了生物流化床（Biological fluidized Bed,BFB）处理生活污水的动力学.研究结果表明,GAC-BFB内生物膜的表现产率YoA为2.3057gVSS/gCOD,微生物细胞衰减常数Kd为0.3056d-1;基质降解动力学中米氏常数Ks为0.2182mg/L,反应速率常数K为13.09 mg/（l·h）.GAC-BFB的微生物生长动力学拟合方程为1/θc=2.3057q-0.3056,R2=0.9549; GAC-BFB的基质降解动力学拟合方程为1/U =0.2182＊1/S ＋0.0764,R2 =0.9972,该微生物生长动力学拟合方程及基质降解动力学拟合方程能较好的反映GAC-BFB系统的出水水质状况,本研究所获得的动力学关系和动力学参数可作为GAC-BFB系统的设计依据.     

超重力-O_3-Fenton氧化法深度处理彩涂废水

在旋转填充床(RPB)中,采用O3-Fenton氧化法深度处理实际彩涂废水。实验结果表明:在反应温度为25℃、气体流量为150 L/h、液体流量为30 L/h、初始p H为7、反应时间为5.0 min、Fe2+浓度为0.10 mmol/L、H2O2浓度为1.0 mmol/L、RPB转速为1 000 r/min的条件下,彩涂废水的COD去除率达到99.7%,比非超重力O3-Fenton体系的处理效果高出60.0百分点。表明超重力技术对O3-Fenton氧化法深度处理彩涂废水具有良好的强化效果。     

污泥与煤在循环流化床混烧过程中的汞排放特性

在密相床截面积为0.23m×0.23m、高度为7 00m的循环流化床燃烧试验装置上进行了含汞污泥与煤的混烧试验.测试并分析讨论了污泥与煤混烧过程中汞的分布,探讨了Ca/S摩尔比、脱硫剂种类、过量空气系数等运行参数以及烟气成分对汞在烟气、飞灰和炉渣中形态分布的影响规律.结果表明,大部分汞进入烟气,且元素汞是混烧烟气中的主要存在形态.钙基脱硫剂对烟气中氧化态汞有较强的吸附脱除作用,CaO对汞的脱除效果要好于CaCO3.随着烟气中SO2、NOx浓度的增大,烟气中二价汞所占份额呈上升趋势.过量空气系数对烟气和灰渣中汞的浓度和形态分布有较大的影响.     

Biosorption characteristics of unicellular green alga Chlorella sorokiniana immobilized in loofa sponge for removal of Cr（Ⅲ）

Loofa sponge （LS） immobilized biomass of Chlorella sorokiniana （LSIBCS）, isolated from industrial wastewater, was investigated as a new biosorbent for the removal of Cr（Ⅲ） from aqueous solution. A comparison of the biosorption of Cr（Ⅲ） by LSIBCS and free biomass of C. sorokiniana （FBCS） from 10-300 mg Cr（Ⅲ）/L aqueous solutions showed an increase in uptake of 17.79% when the microalgal biomass was immobilized onto loofa sponge. Maximum biosorption capacity for LSIBCS and FBCS was found to be 69.26 and 58.80 mg Cr（Ⅲ）/g biosorbent, respectively, whereas the amount of Cr（Ⅲ） ions adsorbed onto naked LS was 4.97 mg/g. The kinetics of Cr（Ⅲ） biosorption was extremely rapid and equilibrium was established in about 15 and 20 min by LSIBCS and FBCS, respectively. The biosorption equilibrium was well defined by Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The biosorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The biosorption was found to be pH dependent and the maximum sorption occurred at the solution pH 4.0. Desorption studies showed that 98% of the adsorbed Cr（Ⅲ） could be desorbed with 0.1 mol/L HNO3, while other desorbing agents were less effective in the order： EDTA 〉 H2SO4 〉 CH3COOH 〉 HCl. The regenerated LSIBCS retained 92.68% of the initial Cr（Ⅲ） binding capacity up to five cycles of reuse in continuous flow-fixed bed columns. The study revealed that LSIBCS could be used as an effective biosorbent for the removal of Cr（Ⅲ） from wastewater.     

Circulating fluidized bed biological reactor for nutrients removal

A new biological nitrogen removal process, which is named herein “The circulating fluidized bed bioreactor (CFBBR)”, was developed for simultaneous removal of nitrogen and organic matter. This process was composed of an anaerobic bed (Riser), aerobic bed (Downer) and connecting device. Influent and nitrified liquid from the aerobic bed enters the anaerobic bed from the bottom of the anaerobic bed, completing the removal of nitrogen and organic matter. The system performance under the conditions of different inflow loadings and nitrified liquid recirculation rates ranging from 200% to 600% was examined. From a technical and economic point of view, the optimum nitrified liquid recirculation ratewas 400%. With a shortest total retention time of 2.5 h (0.8 h in the anaerobic bed and 1.5 h in the aerobic bed) and a nitrified liquid recirculation rate of 400% based on the influent flow rate, the average removal efficiencies of total nitrogen (TN) and soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) were found to be 88% and 95%, respectively. The average effluent concentrations of TN and SCOD were 3.5 mg/L and 16 mg/L, respectively. The volatile suspended solid (VSS) concentration, nitrification rate and denitrification rate in the system were less than 1.0 g/L, 0.026-0.1 g NH₄ ⁺-N/g VSS·d, and 0.016–0.074 g NO_x ⁻-N/g VSS·d, respectively. __________ Translated from Environmental Engineering, 2007, 25(6): 2, 7–10 [译自: 环境工程]     

中试MBBR反应器启动CANON工艺及其短程硝化

采用150 L的移动床生物膜(MBBR)反应器,控制温度为28℃,以无机高氨氮(平均浓度350 mg·L~(-1))废水为原水,启动全程自养脱氮(CANON)工艺,同时,取其中絮状污泥至5L的SBR反应器中,维持进水NH~+_4-N浓度为90～200 mg·L~(-1),共同进行短程硝化恢复研究.结果表明,MBBR反应器中,HRT平均为12 h时,短程硝化与TN去除率互相制约,TN去除率平均为38.2%,δNO~-_3-N/TN值平均为0.274,当HRT降至6h后,δNO~-_3-N/TN值由0.347下降至0.146; SBR反应器通过间歇曝气,分别维持曝气与停曝时间为30 min与20 min,好氧过程中DO浓度为0.5～0.6 mg·L~(-1),且每周期末FNA浓度高于0.18 mg·L~(-1)时, 12 d后系统内NAR由0增长至99.2%,NUR从24.8 mg·(g·h)~(-1)降至0,TN去除率则由13%降至3%,成功由全程硝化转变为短程硝化;高通量测序结果显示:MBBR反应器中Candidatus Kuenenia在絮状污泥和生物膜中的相对丰度分别为7.91%及17.38%,Nitrosomonas在二者中分别占27.43%和2.55%,Nitrospira则在二者中占0.30%和0.28%; SBR反应器恢复短程硝化后,AOB与ANAMMOX丰度分别下降至1.18%和0.01%,Nitrospira的相对丰度则上升至1.39%.     

三价铁对有机物存在下厌氧氨氧化脱氮的影响

考察了三价铁（2.24~7.84mg/L）存在下厌氧氨氧化系统对有机物的耐受性能,并通过16SrRNA高通量测序技术和定量PCR探究其机理.结果表明,进水COD浓度为50和100mg/L时,4个反应器的氨氮和总氮去除率均较高（>90%）,三价铁的强化作用不明显;进水COD浓度继续升高（150和200mg/L）,厌氧氨氧化受到抑制,三价铁的强化作用逐渐增加;COD浓度为200mg/L时,添加三价铁（7.84mg/L）可将氨氮和总氮去除率由61.3%和79.8%（对照组）提升至71.2%和84.7%.16SrRNA高通量测序技术表明,有机物存在下,污泥微生物群落结构出现变化,主要表现为厌氧氨氧化菌丰度的降低及反硝化菌群的大量增殖,进水添加三价铁可提高浮霉菌（Planctomycetes）的丰度.定量PCR结果表明,三价铁能够提高厌氧氨氧化菌16S rRNA及功能基因hzsB的丰度.