炭膜曝气生物膜反应器硝化作用及其微生物群落结构分析

采用炭膜曝气生物膜反应器处理无机含氮废水,通过改变进水氨氮浓度和水力停留时间,研究了反应器硝化性能、氧利用情况以及氨氮去除负荷,并对生物膜表面特性和硝化菌优势菌种进行分析.结果表明, 在膜内气压0.017 MPa,进水NH⁺₄-N 50 mg/L,HRT为8 h条件下,NH⁺₄-N去除率达到96%,出水NO^-₂-N平均为17 mg/L,一定程度上实现了短程硝化,炭膜所供给氧气被生物膜全部消耗;系统比表面氨氮最大去除速率为9.7 g/(m²·d),炭膜表面有限的生物量制约了去除速率的进一步提高; 荧光原位杂交技术分析揭示生物膜内亚硝化单胞菌（Nitrosomonas）和亚硝化螺菌（Nitrosospira）为亚硝化细菌优势菌种,分别占细菌总菌数的19%和21%,硝化螺菌（Nitrospira）为硝化细菌优势菌种,占总菌数的20%,未检测到硝化杆菌（Nitrobacter）的存在.     

Nutrient depletion is the main limiting factor in the crude oil bioaugmentation process

The biodegradation was considered as the prime mechanism of crude oil degradation. To validate the efficacy and survival of the crude oil-degrading strain in a bioremediation process, the enhanced green fluorescent protein gene (egfp) was introduced into Acinetobacter sp. HC8–3S. In this study, an oil-contaminated sediment microcosm was conducted to investigate the temporal dynamics of the physicochemical characterization and microbial community in response to bacterium amendment. The introduced strains were able to survive, flourish and degrade crude oil quickly in the early stage of the bioremediation. However, the high abundance cannot be maintained due to the ammonium (NH₄⁺-N) and phosphorus (PO₄^3?-P) contents decreased rapidly after 15 days of remediation. The sediment microbial community changed considerably and reached relatively stable after nutrient depletion. Therefore, the addition of crude oil and degrading cells did not show a long-time impact on the original microbial communities, and sufficient nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients ensures the survive and activity of degrader. Our studies expand the understanding of the crude oil degradative processes, which will help to develop more rational bioremediation strategies.     

荧光渗透乳化油废水处理技术的研究

采用“破乳 -絮凝 -砂滤 -吸附”法对荧光渗透乳化油废水进行处理 ,结果表明 ,在适宜的处理条件下 ,该法可有效地去除水中的COD、油和色度 ,出水的 pH、COD、油和色度均达到国家一级排放标准     

Study on membrane fouling of submerged membrane bioreactor in treating bathing wastewater

A pilot-scale submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) was used to treat the bathing wastewater for more than 90 d. Several factors affecting membrane fouling were studied, including the variation in transmembrane pressure (TMP), changes in extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), and distribution of membrane resistance (R). The relationships between R and EPS concentration were found to be R = 0.00008(EPSS)2.915 in the mixed liquor (EPSS) and R = 0.2853(EPSm) - 0.824 on the membrane surface (EPSm). The constant...     

升级A/O工艺污水处理系统中抗生素抗性基因的分布与去除研究

针对北方某采用升级A/O工艺的生活污水处理厂,使用实时荧光定量PCR技术,探究污水厂中ARGs的分布及各处理工艺段对ARGs的去除效果.结果表明:四环素抗性基因(tetA、tetC和tetM)、磺胺抗性基因(sul1和sul2)、大环内酯抗性基因(ermA和ermF)和喹诺酮抗性基因(parC和gyrA)在污水和污泥中均被检出.污水厂进水中ARGs的绝对丰度为2.65×10³～1.01×10⁶ copies·mL^-1,升级A/O工艺未能有效削减ARGs,出水中ARGs的绝对丰度为9.22×10³～1.15×10⁶ copies·mL^-1,污泥中ARGs的绝对丰度为8.07×10⁷～2.65×10¹¹ copies·g^-1.深度处理工艺对ARGs的去除效率对比结果显示,生物活性炭工艺对ARGs的削减效果优于紫外消毒.     

Hg Vapor Emission from Broken Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) in an Acrylic Chamber

The United States Environmental Protection Agency/Environmental Response Team (US EPA/ERT), in collaboration with St. John's College, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Agra, India, is conducting a study to determine Hg vapor emission rates resulting from broken compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) in a residential setting. The overall objectives of the study are to determine Hg vapor emission data and provide homeowners with cleanup procedures and disposal options for broken CFLs. Most of the currently available CFLs in the US market are manufactured in China for US companies. Several different types of CFLs were purchased from local stores and their Hg content was determined. Based on previous studies, such as the 2011 study by Singhvi and colleagues, five popular spiral CFLs were selected for emission studies in an acrylic chamber. This study found that Hg vapor emissions from CFLs may be significantly greater than those from beads of liquid Hg with weights comparable to the Hg content of the CFLs. The average 24-hour Hg loss into the atmosphere from CFLs broken on a plastic surface ranged from 0.6% to 22% of the bulb content, while that for CFLs broken on carpet ranged from 2.6% to 28%. Projections for a 12 foot × 9.33 foot × 8 foot (25.4 m³) room based on the chamber measurements in this study indicate that CFL breakage in some household settings may produce 24-hour Hg concentrations above the 2000 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) minimum risk level (MRL) of 0.2 μg/m³, for typical air exchange rates. This study also indicates that Hg emission may not be proportional to exposed surface area based on experiments using liquid Hg with different surface areas.     

正十六烷微生物吸附降解的荧光显微研究

使用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜（CLSM）系统,以罗丹明123（Rhodamine123）为荧光探针,定量研究了石油组分正十六烷在石油降解菌（大庆油田石油污染土壤中的优势菌种,革兰氏阴性G^-、黄杆菌属Flavobacterium）细胞膜上的吸附降解动态变化过程。研究发现：微生物培养体系加入正十六烷120s后,正十六烷在菌株膜上的浓度变化在不断增大,呈现出不规则的锯齿状攀升;在攀升过程中,峰谷之间出现明显有“节奏”的振荡传递;在0～508内,正十六烷处于吸附运输的加速阶段;在50—120s内,正十六烷不断被吸附并累积于细胞膜表面,处于吸附积累阶段,使用幂指数定律建立该微生物膜上的正十六烷的动力学方程,确定其动力学级数为2级,微生物降解正十六烷的速率常数为6×e^-5。     

金泽水库上游来水及库区水质变化时空分布特征

金泽水库是上海西南五区的主要饮用水源,上游太浦河来水及库区水质变化对水库运行和相应供水系统供水水质有重要影响.基于常规水质指标应用主成分分析法评价了不同季节金泽水库上游来水及库区水质变化;利用平行因子(PARAFAC)分析了金泽水库上游来水及库区水中荧光溶解性有机质(FDOM)组成结构及分布特征;通过相关性分析分析了水体荧光强度与常规水质指标间的关系.结果表明,金泽水库上游来水及库区冬季水质最差,库外断面水质受外源污染逐步恶化,经过库区生态净化作用后水质有所提升;水体FDOM主要由类蛋白类和类腐殖质类组分构成,类蛋白物质为主要组分,各组分呈现出明显的时空分布特征,外源污染是影响库外断面FDOM总荧光强度的主要因素,生态环境是影响库内FDOM总荧光强度季节性波动的主要因素. FDOM总荧光强度呈现上游低下游高的趋势,与水中NH4+-N、石油类、TOC、氯化物和硫酸盐含量显著相关,通过检测FDOM总荧光强度可实现对水体水质的快速分析并发挥预警和指示作用.     

一种turn-on型Al3+荧光探针及其活体生物检测

设计、合成一种联水杨醛席夫碱荧光探针,并对其结构表征.光谱实验表明,在甲醇溶液中,该探针可实现对Al³⁺的turn-on检测,在识别Al³⁺后,荧光强度增强约110倍,并具有良好的离子选择性.荧光滴定实验中,Al³⁺浓度在25~55μmol/L范围内,荧光强度与浓度呈良好线性相关,探针对Al³⁺检出限为5.4×10^-9mol/L,低于世界卫生组织对饮用水中Al³⁺含量最低标准（7.4×10^-6mol/L）.高分辨质谱数据表明,探针分子与Al³⁺的络合比例为2：1.在活体生物Al³⁺检测中,探针具有良好的生物相容性,表明其在水体及生物体Al³⁺检测中具有一定的应用前景.     

Colonization of Penicillium oxalicum SL2 in Pb-contaminated paddy soil and its immobilization effect on soil Pb

Penicillium oxalicum SL2 (SL2) is a previously screened Pb-tolerant fungus that can promote crops growth. The relationship between SL2 colonization and Pb immobilization was studied to provide a theoretical basis for microbial remediation of Pb-contaminated paddy soil. In this study, green fluorescent protein (GFP) labeled SL2 was inoculated into different Pb-contaminated paddy soils (S1-S6). The Pb extracted from the soil by HNO₃, EDTA and CaCl₂ were used to characterize the available Pb. The results showed that the colonization of SL2 was divided into lag phase (0-7 days), growth phase (7-30 days), and mortality phase (30-90 days). SL2 colonized well in sandy soils rich in clay and total phosphorus with initial pH of 4.5-7.0. In addition, SL2 increased soil pH and decreased soil Eh, which was beneficial to immobilize Pb. In different soils, the highest percentages of CaCl₂-Pb, EDTA-Pb, and HNO₃-Pb immobilized by SL2 were 34.34%-40.53%, 17.05%-20.11%, and 7.39%-15.62%, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the percentages of CaCl₂-Pb and EDTA-Pb immobilized by SL2 were significantly positively correlated with the number of SL2 during the growth phase. SL2 mainly immobilized Pb in the growth phase and a higher peak number of SL2 was beneficial to the immobilization of Pb.