环境因素对大肠杆菌REP-PCR指纹图谱稳定性影响研究

大肠杆菌作为粪便污染指示生物,其DNA指纹图谱稳定性是制约微生物污染源识别技术发展的瓶颈之一.本研究采用绿色荧光蛋白基因(GFP)标记后的Escherichia coli K12(K12GFP)为受试菌株,利用REP-PCR方法,对大肠杆菌在不同温度、光照、盐度条件下其DNA指纹图谱的稳定性进行了研究.结果表明,绿色荧...     

利用绿色荧光蛋白标记革兰氏阴性细菌的研究

构建了具有不同抗性且能够组成型表达绿色荧光蛋白的一系列转座子质粒pTnMod-OCm-G、pTnMod-OTc-G、pTnMod-OKm3-G和pTnMod-OGm-G,并通过三亲本杂交的方法,成功地将荧光蛋白基因分别插入到多环芳烃降解菌株Sphingomonas sp.12A和Pseudomonas sp.12B的基...     

用于废水处理系统中目标酵母动态解析的绿色荧光蛋白基因质粒构建

绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein,GFP)可用于研究复合微生物体系中特定目标功能菌的特性及动态变化,本研究为确立用于解析酵母细胞在混合酵母废水处理系统中的动态特性的GFP技术体系奠定了基础.将gfp基因克隆到酵母载体pACT-URA3中,再用构建的重组质粒转化宿主菌大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli JMl09),扩增得到含gfp的重组质粒,荧光显微镜照片显示gfp基因在大肠杆菌内得到了表达,但表达程度不高;电泳图谱及聚合酶链反应结果表明,含gfp基因的质粒不是以游离的形式存在,而可能是以某种特殊的形式和细胞染色体发生了相互作用.     

再生水处理过程中轮状病毒的变化规律及风险评价（Change of Rotavirus in Sewage Treatment Processes and Associated Health Risk Assessment）

为探讨污水处理厂不同处理工艺段对轮状病毒(Rotavirus)的去除效果及再生水回用中轮状病毒对暴露人群的健康风险水平,于2006年11月至2007年10月连续对北京市某污水厂各工艺段出水的轮状病毒进行了分析,并应用Beta-Possion模型对回用再生水中轮状病毒对暴露人群的健康风险水平进行了评价.结果表明,36个实测水样中,轮状病毒检测结果为阳性的样品13个,占总样品数的36.1%.阳性样品主要分布在2006年11月、12月和2007年1月、2月、4月、8月和10月所采集的样品中,各月份阳性样品所占比例分别依次为100%、100%、100%、33.3%、66.7%、33.3%和100%.二级处理工艺对轮状病毒的去除率为2.68-lg,二级处理出水经过混凝沉淀和砂滤两种深度处理后得到再生水,深度处理工艺平均去除率为3.01-lg.二沉出水回用对不同职业暴露人群的年均感染概率风险值范围为0.35×10-2~10.36×10-2,再生水回用不同职业暴露人群年平均感染风险概率值范围为0.23×10-2~6.82×10-2,二沉出水、再生水回用导致的道路喷洒职业工人轮状病毒暴露感染风险值最大,分别达到了39.65×10-2和36.82×10-2,存在着一定的健康风险.     

Fenton氧化-前置反硝化缺氧好氧池(A/O)处理荧光增白剂废水中试研究

采用Fenton氧化-前置反硝化缺氧好氧池(A/O)对荧光增白剂废水IC出水进行中试实验研究。实验表明,在Fe2+投加量为0.003 mol/L,进水pH值为3,[H2O2]/[Fe2+]为4∶1,反应时间为2 h的条件下,Fenton氧化法对COD的去除率可以达到46%以上,出水BOD5/COD的值由0.26提高到0.58。氧化后废水进入前置反硝化生物脱氮系统进行生化处理,该系统采用间歇式进水,水力停留时间为2 d,实验结果表明,A/O系统对COD、氨氮和总氮的去除率分别达41%、90%以上和86%。该组合工艺对COD的总去除率可达到67%,出水氨氮在20 mg/L以下,总氮在37 mg/L以下。     

基于硫桥杯[4]芳烃识别金属离子的荧光传感器的研究进展

综述了近些年以硫桥杯[4]芳烃为分子平台的新型荧光传感器的研究进展。详细介绍了不同基团修饰的硫桥杯芳烃衍生物通过非共价键作用力对Hg^2＋,Ag^＋,Fe^3＋,Cu^2＋等金属离子的选择性识别,并设计成不同类别的荧光传感器,以荧光光谱法为手段,进行分析研究。以杯芳烃为主体的荧光传感器具有简便快速、高选择性的特点,广泛应用于化学、生物、环境等领域。     

Characteristics of mercury emission from linear type of spent fluorescent lamp

In order to recycle the linear type of SFL (spent fluorescent lamp), mercury from SFL should be controlled to prevent leaking into the environment. For mercury emission from SFL, mercury concentration is estimated in the parts of SFL such as glass tube, phosphor powder, and base cap using the end-cutting unit. It is also evaluated mercury emission in the effluent gas in the end-cutting unit with changing flow rate. From the results of mercury emission from SFLs, phosphor powder has greater than 80% of mercury amount in SFL and about 15% of mercury amount contained in glass tube. The initial mercury concentration in vapor phase is almost decreased linearly with increasing airflow rate from 0.7 L/min to 1.3 L/min. It is desirable that airflow rate should be high until the concentration of mercury vapor will be stable because the stabilized concentration becomes to be low and the stabilized time goes to be short as increased airflow rate. From KET and TCLP results, finally, phosphor powder should be managed as a hazardous waste but base-cap and glass are not classified as hazardous wastes.     

Ag-AgIO3改性BiOI光催化剂湿法脱除气态单质汞

采用沉积沉淀-光还原法制备了不同AgIO₃含量的BiOI光催化剂,利用X射线衍射、N₂吸附-脱附、扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、紫外-可见漫反射光谱和电子自旋共振对其物理化学结构进行表征,在光催化反应器上研究了AgIO₃负载量、光照、溶液温度、pH值、SO₂和NO对气态单质汞（Hg⁰）去除性能的影响.结果表明,与BiOI相比,Ag-AgIO₃改性后光催化剂的脱汞性能大幅提高.当AgIO₃负载量为4wt.%时,光催化剂的脱汞效率高达98%.与NO相比,SO₂对脱汞性能的抑制作用更大.由于Ag和AgIO₃在BiOI表面的高度分散性,Ag-AgIO₃（4%） BiOI的可见光吸收性能明显提高.荧光灯辐照与Ag-AgIO₃/BiOI光催化剂协同会产生大量的活性物种.在Ag-AgIO₃/BiOI光催化剂的高效脱汞体系中,超氧阴离子自由基（·O₂^-）为最主要的活性物质,而空穴（h⁺）和羟基自由基（·OH）次之.     

北运河上覆水DOM组分含量特征及对水质的影响

基于三维荧光光谱,紫外-可见光谱技术,对比分析了汛期非汛期北运河通州区域上覆水中溶解性有机物（DOM）的组成、来源及结构特征,建立了上覆水中N和P的含量与DOM组成之间的关系,确定了反映潜在富营养化生态风险的指标.结果表明,北运河通州地区上覆水中DOM含量在9.17~27.78mg/L之间,总体呈现非汛期>汛期,上游>下游,DOM含量时空特征差异显著.汛期DOM分子量与非汛期相比较小,DOM芳香程度汛期低于非汛期;在上游和下游,汛期上覆水DOM A₂₅₃/A₂₀₃大于非汛期.汛期DOM受陆源腐殖质和生物源的共同影响,而非汛期主要受微生物活动的影响.汛期蛋白质类和腐殖质类物质的浓度水平显著低于非汛期,非汛期蛋白质类组分相对占比较多,而汛期腐殖质类组分相对占比较多.在汛期,上覆水DOM中C1、C3、C4组分的最大荧光强度可间接反映北运河富营养化的潜在风险.     

Determination of paraquat in water samples using a sensitive fluorescent probe titration method

Paraquat (PQ), a nonselective herbicide, is non-fluorescent in aqueous solutions. Thus, its determination through direct fluorescent methods is not feasible. The supramolecular inclusion interaction of PQ with cucurbit[7]uril was studied by a fluorescent probe titration method. Significant quenching of the fluorescence intensity of the cucurbit[7]uril-coptisine fluorescent probe was observed with the addition of PQ. A new fluorescent probe titration method with high selectivity and sensitivity at the ng/mL level was developed to determine PQ in aqueous solutions with good precision and accuracy based on the significant quenching of the supramolecular complex fluorescence intensity. The proposed method was successfully used in the determination of PQ in lake water, tap water, well water, and ditch water in an agricultural area, with recoveries of 96.73% to 105.77%. The fluorescence quenching values (ΔF) showed a good linear relationship with PQ concentrations from 1.0×10^-8 to 1.2× 10^-5 mol/L with a detection limit of 3.35×10^-9 mol/L. In addition, the interaction models of the supramolecular complexes formed between the host and the guest were established using theoretical calculations. The interaction mechanism between the cucurbit[7]uril and PQ was confirmed by ¹H NMR spectroscopy.