典型橡胶制品业VOCs排放特征及对周边环境影响

选取衡水市3家典型橡胶制品企业作为研究对象,通过GC-MS/FID对其VOCs排放特征进行研究,并运用最大增量反应活性系数（maximum incremental reactivity,MIR）和气溶胶生成系数（fractional aerosol coefficient,FAC）分别对其臭氧生成潜势（ozone formaiton potential,OFP）和二次有机气溶胶（secondary organic aerosol,SOA）生成潜势进行评估.结果表明,橡胶制品行业的VOCs排放种类主要包括烷烃类、酮类、醛类、醇类和苯系物等.对于传统的只有炼胶工艺和硫化工艺的橡胶制品企业,其特征污染物主要为酮类和醇类,而对于涉及涂胶工艺和喷漆工艺的橡胶制品企业来说,其特征污染物为苯系物.对典型生产工艺的臭氧和SOA的生成潜势进行了评估：臭氧影响方面,对于不涉及涂胶和喷漆工艺的橡胶制品企业,臭氧生成贡献主要来自于含氧烃,对于涉及涂胶和喷漆工艺的企业,由于胶黏剂和漆料等有机溶剂的大量使用,苯系物对臭氧生成的贡献还是要远远大于其它VOCs物种,占到了VOCs总贡献的82.9%;SOA影响方面,橡胶制品企业的SOA贡献基本全部来自于苯系物,其中炼胶和硫化环节的贡献非常小,SOA贡献的主要来源是涂胶和喷漆环节,其中又以喷漆环节的贡献最大.因此,对于只有炼胶和硫化等工艺的传统橡胶制品企业,应优先控制含氧烃的排放,而对于涉及涂胶和喷漆等工艺的橡胶制品企业,应优先控制苯系物的排放.     

带压作业闸板防喷器胶芯失效机理研究

针对带压作业过程中闸板防喷器胶芯易失效的问题,以现场使用的带压作业闸板防喷器胶芯为研究对象,通过实验确定了橡胶基体的本构关系,利用ABAQUS软件对比研究了4种不同井筒压力对胶芯的疲劳失效与密封失效的影响。结果表明:分析结果与现场应用胶芯的失效位置相符,验证了分析的正确性;胶芯的疲劳失效位置集中在橡胶基体与闸板上下部的4个尖角接触区域,上部区域失效严重;井筒压力的大小影响橡胶基体密封面上的接触应力分布,但对耐磨块密封面上接触应力分布影响不显著。建议在橡胶基体与闸板上下部的4个尖角区域补强以增加胶芯寿命。     

Trapping pheromonal components with silicone rubber tubes: fatty acid secretions in honeybees (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Apis mellifera</Emphasis>)

Summary. We describe the use of pieces of silicone tubing to analyse the mandibular gland components of queen and worker honeybees and show that these compounds can be efficiently trapped on bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) treated pieces of tubing. The use of this technique rather than that of solid phase microextraction (SPME) techniques with commercially available fibres that have been shown to be efficient at sampling secretions from the cuticle of insects, is necessitated by a requirement for collection of large sample numbers in a short space of time or for sampling in the field. The technique may be generalised for use with semiochemicals of low volatility in other insect communciation systems.     

Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Soy Protein Filled Elastomers

Dynamic mechanical properties including temperature effect, stress softening, and Payne effect are studied on the elastomer composites filled with soy protein or carbon black. The comparison of protein composite with well-known carbon black composites provides further insight into the protein composites. The elastomers filled with soy protein aggregates give substantial reinforcement effect when compared with the unfilled elastomers. Approximately 400 times increase in shear elastic modulus was observed when 40% by weight of protein is incorporated into the elastomers. The sample films were cast from the particle dispersion of soy protein isolate and carboxylated styrene–butadiene latex. At the higher temperatures, the shear elastic modulus of soy protein-filled composites does not decrease as much as that of the carbon black-filled composites. The behavior of elastic and loss modulus under the oscillatory strain of different magnitude is similar to that of carbon black reinforced styrene–butadiene rubber. However, carbon black composites show a better recovery behavior after eight cycles of dynamic strain. The reduction of shear elastic modulus with dynamic strain (Payne effect) was compared with Kraus model and the fitting parameter related to the aggregate structure of the soy protein. A reasonable agreement between the theoretical model and experiment was obtained, indicating the Payne effect of the protein-related network structure in the elastomers could also be described by the kinetic agglomeration de-agglomeration mechanism.     

塑料和橡胶类废弃物的热物理特性及焚烧特性的研究

塑料和橡胶类的废弃物是城市垃圾的重要组成。本文在新式焚烧炉中对它们的焚烧特性、污染特性进行了研究。这将有助于进一步优化新型转式焚烧炉，完善低染、低腐蚀、低粘结的废弃物的焚烧工艺。     

球形磁性活性炭制备及对土壤重金属Pb的吸附研究

以废旧汽车轮胎橡胶与城市污水处理厂污泥为原料,采用ZnCl2与H_2SO_4复配活化法,添加黏结剂和Fe_3O_4粉末,在真空管式气氛炉中炭化制备球形磁性活性炭,并测定其物理化学性能。研究球形磁性活性炭添加量、土壤pH值和含水率对球形磁性活性炭吸附重金属Pb的影响。采用火焰法-原子吸收分光光度计测定球形磁性活性炭对Pb的吸附量。结果表明:球形磁性活性炭的比表面积及亚甲基蓝吸附量相比商品活性炭要小,但其抗压强度高,不容易松散,便于回收,酸性官能团总量高,有助于提高球形磁性活性炭的吸附性能和对重金属的亲和力,因此球形磁性活性炭的综合理化性能优于干污泥活性炭和商品活性炭,适合用于土壤中重金属Pb的吸附;随添加量增加,球形磁性活性炭对土壤中Pb的吸附量也增加,当球形磁性活性炭添加质量分数为6%时,达到最优吸附效果;随土壤pH值增加,球形磁性活性炭对土壤中Pb的吸附量也增加,但当pH值超过5时,其吸附量开始下降;当吸附时间达到35 d后,其吸附量基本处于饱和状态;土壤含水率为20%时,吸附达到平衡。在最优工艺参数下,球形磁性活性炭对土壤中Pb的吸附量达到最大,为3.55 mg/g。球形磁性活性炭对土壤中重金属Pb的吸附过程可以用准二级动力学方程较好地解释,而且球形磁性活性炭经过1次再生后用于吸附土壤中Pb时,其吸附量达到2.56 mg/g,再生效率达72.11%,吸附效果良好。     

废丁基橡胶再生及其应用

再生胶、胶粉及活化胶粉是废丁基橡胶回收利用的主要途径和方法,其中再生胶应用效果最好。综述了废丁基橡胶的再生方法及其应用,重点介绍了废丁基橡胶的常温塑化法再生工艺及机理,并结合实验,介绍了丁基再生胶用于制备防水卷材的一些经验。     

Deconstructing sustainable rubber production: contesting narratives in rural Sumatra

ABSTRACT

The growing demand for natural rubber is increasingly threatening biodiversity and forest ecosystems. Recently, the French Michelin Group started a cooperation with the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) to establish environmentally and socially sustainable ‘model’ rubber plantations in Sumatra and Kalimantan, Indonesia. The framing of Michelin’s tyre production as ‘eco-friendly’ and their purported ‘sustainable’ rubber cultivation contradict with statements by villagers living around Michelin’s plantation in Jambi Province, Sumatra, who are reporting environmental destruction and land tenure conflicts. Conceptually, we build on political ecology and critical human geography perspectives to identify conflicts and ambiguities related to sustainability claims, deforestation and dispossession. Empirically, we draw on qualitative research in a village affected by the plantation. We confront and deconstruct the discursive framing of sustainable rubber production with our empirical findings. We show how the plantation restricts access to land and instead of providing additional income, is actually limiting development opportunities.     

常温下粉碎废旧轮胎的研究

利用自行开发的研磨机对废旧轮胎进行常温粉碎实验 ,结果表明 :本装置完全适合常温下用废旧轮胎制取胶粉 ,通过改变操作参数可以得到不同粒度的胶粉。为胶粉的制造方法开辟了新的途径     

我国热带地区胶-茶-鸡农林复合系统物质循环研究

以海南省文昌市典型的胶-茶-鸡农林复合模式为研究对象 ,以单作胶园、胶茶间作园为对照 ,采用定量研究与定性分析相结合的方法 ,研究其物质循环规律。结果表明 ,胶-茶-鸡农林复合系统的氮、磷输入、输出量最大 ,系统外物质投入率比另两系统明显减少 ,系统内养分循环量增加 ,因此 ,该系统具有较合理的物质循环结构。