车内挥发性有机物检测方法与控制策略研究

以静止状态下车内挥发性有机化合污染物为研究对象,在分析其排放与时间、温度及通风等关系的基础上,对比了国内外车内空气中挥发性有机化合物的检测方法,重点分析了日本汽车工业协会JAMA标准,并在分析国外经验基础上,对我国车内空气挥发性有机污染物的控制策略提出了合理建议。     

Fenton treatment of olive oil mill wastewater--applicability of the method and parameters effects on the degradation process

The low biodegradability of polyphenolic compounds typically found in olive processing indicated that biological treatment is not always successful in the treatment of olive oil mill wastewater in term of COD removal. In this study the results of investigations on the applicability of Fenton‘s reagent in the treatment of this effluent were discussed. The efficiency of this method was determined. 86% of removal COD was obtained using 5 mol H2O2 and 0.4 mol Fe^2 per liter of crude OMW. The main parameters that govem the complex reactive system, i.e., time, pH, [H2O2] and [Fe(ll)] were studied.     

Target the neglected VOCs emission from iron and steel industry in China for air quality improvement

● Haze formation in China is highly correlated with iron and steel industry. ● VOCs generated in sinter process were neglected under current emission standard. ● Co-elimination removal of sinter flue gas complex pollutants are timely needed. Recent years have witnessed significant improvement in China’s air quality. Strict environmental protection measures have led to significant decreases in sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NO_x), and particulate matter (PM) emissions since 2013. But there is no denying that the air quality in 135 cities is inferior to reaching the Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB 3095–2012) in 2020. In terms of temporal, geographic, and historical aspects, we have analyzed the potential connections between China’s air quality and the iron and steel industry. The non-target volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions from iron and steel industry, especially from the iron ore sinter process, may be an underappreciated index imposing a negative effect on the surrounding areas of China. Therefore, we appeal the authorities to pay more attention on VOCs emission from the iron and steel industry and establish new environmental standards. And different iron steel flue gas pollutants will be eliminated concurrently with the promotion and application of new technology.     

含氮杂环化合物的生物降解研究进展

杂环化合物是焦化、印染、农药等工业废水中常见的有机污染物,是造成这类废水难生物降解的主要原因。本文介绍了国内外对含氮杂环化合物在好氧、厌氧、缺氧条件下以及共基质条件下生物降解性能的研究进展,总结了部分菌种对杂环化合物的降解途径,并对一些现象从分子结构和电荷特性等方面给予了解释。最后对含氮杂环化合物的生物降解提出了进一步的研究方向。     

芳烃类化合物结构表征及-lgK_(ow)定量预测

为探寻芳烃类有机物结构与正辛醇/水分配系数(-lgK_(ow))的关系,应用分子顶点及顶点相互作用矢量对芳烃类有机物进行了结构表征.采用多元线性回归及逐步回归建立了3个定量结构-性质关系的-lgK_(ow)模型.经过比较,发现模型M3具有最佳模拟结果,此时模型的复相关系数为0.946,标准偏差为0.392.为检验模型的稳定性,采用留一法(leave-one-out)对模型进行了交互检验,复相关系数为0.920,标准偏差为0.429.     

有机锡化合物对底栖动物的急性毒性研究

研究有机锡化合物的摇蚊幼虫等４种底栖动物的急性毒性作用,包括致死浓度（ＬＣ）和致死时间（ＬＴ）。结果表明：①３种丁基锡化合物的毒性依次是三丁基锡（ＴＢＧ）＞二丁基锡（ＤＢＴ）＞单丁基锡（ＭＢＴ）。②ＴＢＴ对羽摇蚊幼虫的２４ｈＬＣ５０为２６．８６×１０＾－９;对六附器毛突摇蚊幼虫的２４ｈＬＣ５０为２４１．５５×５０－９;对苏氏尾鳃蚓的２４ｈＬＣ５０为１４５．５５×１０＾－９;对霍甫水丝蚓的２４ｈＬＣ     

电厂燃煤飞灰中重金属富集规律的实验研究

研究了电厂燃煤排放的４级粒径不同的飞灰中铜、钴、铅、镍、铬、镉、砷、铍的含量及其分布。发现大多数金属在粒径１μｍ左右的细微粒子中有富集特性,其变化趋势与不同飞灰的孔隙特性变化一致,即随飞灰粒径的减小,飞灰的比表面积和孔体积增大,飞灰中金属的浓度也增多。同时比较了２种工况下金属在飞灰中的不同分布,分析了影响飞灰富集特性的各种因素,如飞灰的孔隙特性、燃烧工况、化学吸附作用、矿物质的汽化－凝结作用等,并     

高分辨双晶XRF测定硫的化学价态

用高分辨双晶ＸＲＦ法测定纯硫、亚硫酸盐、硫酸盐、硫化物等及部分未知样品中硫的化学价态,研究了硫的不同价态的谱峰能量差范围,并根据这个能量差范围判定未知样品中硫的化学价态。     

基于隧道测试的机动车VOCs排放特征及源解析

为探究以乙醇汽油(E10)为主要燃料的机动车尾气源和蒸发源挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放特征,于2019年12月在郑州市北三环隧道内展开了连续两周的VOCs采样,并对隧道内车流特征和环境参数等进行在线监测.首先,利用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)法定量出106种VOCs组分,然后采用正交矩阵因子分析(PMF5.0)-化学质...     

碱改性活性炭对VOCs的吸附性能

选用3种经氢氧化钠改性的活性炭,研究了其对4种代表性VOCs(丁酮、乙酸乙酯、甲苯和四氯化碳)的吸附规律。结果表明:活性炭经碱改性后吸附性能有较大改善,吸附量的大小与其比表面积呈正相关性,而其比表面积多为微孔提供;改性活性炭对有机气体的吸附以物理吸附为主;吸附质的相对分子质量、密度、熔点与其在改性活性炭上的吸附量具有线性相关性,而沸点、饱和蒸气压、分子动力学直径则与吸附量无明显相关性;对于同一吸附剂,170℃再生时的性能最好,130℃次之,210℃最差。