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971.
The concentrations of cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, and zinc in water and bed sediments of river Gomti have been studied in a fairly long stretch of 500 km from Neemsar to Jaunpur. Grab samples of water (October 2002–March 2003) and bed sediments (December 2002 and March 2003) were collected from 10 different locations following the standard methods. The river water and sediment samples were processed and analyzed for heavy metals viz., Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, and Zn, and using ICP-AES. The heavy metals found in the river water were in the range: Cd (0.0001–0.0005 mg/L); Cr (0.0015–0.0688 mg/L); Cu (0.0013–0.0.0043 mg/L); Fe (0.0791–0.3190 mg/L); Mn (0.0038–0.0.0973 mg/L); Ni (0.0066–0.011 mg/L); Pb (0.0158–0.0276 mg/L); and Zn (0.0144–0.0298 mg/L) respectively. In the sediments the same were found in the range: Cd (0.70–7.90 g/g); Cr (6.105–20.595 g/g); Cu (3.735–35.68 g/g); Fe (5051.485–8291.485 g/g); Mn (134.915–320.45 g/g); Ni (13.905–37.370 g/g); Pb (21.25–92.15 g/g); and Zn (15.72–99.35 g/g) of dry weight respectively. Some physico-chemical parameters viz., pH, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, hardness etc. were estimated as these have direct or indirect influence on the incidence, transport and speciation of the heavy metals. Based on the geoaccumulation indices, the Gomti river sediments from Neemsar to Jaunpur are considered to be unpolluted with respect to Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn. It is unpolluted to moderately polluted with Pb. In case of Cd it varies from moderately polluted to highly polluted. As far as Ni is concerned the sediment is very highly polluted at Barabanki and Jaunpur D/s. No correlation was found between enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index. 相似文献
972.
973.
The relationship between alder (Alnus japonica) distribution and surrounding land use in Kushiro Mire was spatially assessed using remotely sensed imagery. From the result,
it was found out that the expanding area of alder trees in Kushiro Mire was affected by the agricultural land area in the
upper course of the river basin and flooding in the lower course of the river. The soil sediments flowing into the Kushiro
Mire from the agricultural land resulted in heavy sedimentation that favors the growth of alder trees. Consequently, the number
and density of alder trees has increased. The future distribution of alder trees was predicted based on the mechanism of expansion
of the alder-tree area in Kushiro Mire, and it was found that large vegetation areas in Kushiro Mire will be changed to areas
with alder trees. 相似文献
974.
Roby Ventres‐Pake Matt Nahorniak Natalie Kramer Jennifer ONeal Tim Abbe 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2020,56(2):333-347
Large wood (LW) jams are key riverine habitat features that affect hydraulic processes and aquatic habitat. The hydraulic influence of LW jams is poorly understood due to the complexity of fluid dynamics around irregular, porous structures. Here we validated a method for two‐dimensional hydraulic modeling of porous LW jams using the open‐source modeling software Delft3D‐FLOW. We sampled 19 LW jams at three reaches across the Columbia River Basin in the United States. We used computer‐generated porous plates to represent LW jams in the modeling software and calibrated our modeling method by comparing model outputs to measured depths and velocities at validation points. We found that modeling outputs are error‐prone when LW jams are not represented. By representing LW jams as porous plates we reduced average velocity root mean square error (RMSE) values (i.e., improved model accuracy) by 42.8% and reduced average depth RMSE values by 5.2%. These differences impacted habitat suitability index modeling. We found a 15.1% increase in weighted useable area for juvenile steelhead at one test site when LW jams were simulated vs. when they were ignored. We investigated patterns in average RMSE improvements with varying jam size, bankfull obstruction, porosity, and structure type, and river complexity. We also identified research gaps related to field estimation of LW jam porosity and porous structure modeling methods. 相似文献
975.
Alyssa Lutgen Grant Jiang Nathan Sienkiewicz Katie Mattern JinJun Kan Shreeram Inamdar 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2020,56(4):669-691
Concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals in streambank legacy sediments are needed to estimate watershed exports and to evaluate against upland inputs. Concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals were determined for legacy sediments in 15 streambanks across northeastern Maryland, southeastern Pennsylvania, and northern Delaware. Samples were collected from multiple bank depths from forested, agricultural, urban, and suburban sites. Analyses were performed for fine (<63 μm) and coarse sediment fractions. Nutrient and heavy metal concentrations were significantly higher in fine than coarse legacy sediments and water extractable nutrient concentrations were significantly greater for fine sediments. Nutrient and heavy metal concentrations were highest in streambank legacy sediments associated with urban land use, but few differences were found with bank depth. Total N (40–3,970 mg/kg) and P (25–1,293 mg/kg) and bioavailable P (0.25–48.8 mg/kg) concentrations for legacy sediments were lower than those for upland soils. This suggests that legacy sediments could serve as sink or source of N and P depending on the redox conditions and stream water nutrient concentrations. However, despite low concentrations, caution should be exercised since streambank erosion and legacy sediment mass loadings could be high, these sediments are in immediate proximity of aquatic ecosystems, and biogeochemical transformations could result in release of the nutrients. 相似文献
976.
Heavy Metal Contamination and Distribution in the Urban Environment of Guangzhou, SE China 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Duzgoren-Aydin NS Wong CS Aydin A Song Z You M Li XD 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2006,28(4):375-391
Ever-increasing heavy metal accumulation in the urban environment of Guangzhou, the largest light industrial production base and one of the most rapidly developing cities in China, poses a serious threat to environment as well as to human health in the region. As a sink or source, urban deposits are good indicators of the level and extent of heavy metal accumulation in the surface environment. The aim of this preliminary study was to examine the distribution of heavy metal contamination in the urban environment of Guangzhou. It was based on a systematic sampling of road dusts and corresponding gully sediments along major roads running mainly through commercial and residential to industrial districts of the city. In addition to road dusts and gully sediments, ceiling dusts from the Pearl River Tunnel were also collected to characterize anthropogenic emissions dominated by traffic-related activities. In general, the level of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn contaminations were more severe on the industrialized side of Guangzhou than on the western side where heavy traffic and industrial activities were limited. The primary determinants of the level of heavy metal contamination and the distribution of this contamination in the urban environment of Guangzhou were the site-specific conditions of its urban setting, particularly the types of industries, the nature of the traffic flow, sample residence times and variations in grain size of the particulate contaminants. This study highlights the complexity of the urban system and indicates that in just such a system individual urban components should be interlinked to assess the long-term environmental and health effects of heavy metal contamination. Among the heavy metals tested – Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn – the level of Zn contamination was the most severe and widespread, and thus requires immediate attention. 相似文献
977.
乌鲁木齐市水磨河底泥及污灌区土壤中有机氯农药的分布 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用GC-ECD定量测定了乌鲁木齐市水磨河底泥及污灌区土壤中有机氯农药的含量.结果表明:底泥样品中HCHs和DDTs的含量为0.107-111.69ng·g-1和0.476-66.512ng·g-1,有机氯农药总量为0.583-178.202ng·g-1;土壤中为0.194-6.974ng·g-1和0.520-10.438ng·g-1,有机氯农药总量为0.714-17.412ng·g-1.底泥中HCHs的α/γ比值约为4,底泥和土壤中DDT/(DDE DDD)的比值较大. 相似文献
978.
979.
为了解哈尔滨松江湿地沉积物中重金属的污染程度,对其表层沉积物中8种重金属元素(Hg、Cd、As、Cu、Pb、Cr、Ni、Zn)的含量及其空间分布进行研究,并采用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险评价法对表层沉积物重金属污染程度进行评价.结果表明:①松江湿地沉积物中w(Cd)、w(Hg)和w(Pb)的平均值均高于松嫩平原土壤环境背景值,表明Cd、Hg、Pb这3种重金属元素存在富集.②相关分析显示,沉积物中w(TOC)、w(TN)均与各重金属含量之间存在相关性,而pH与各重金属含量无相关性.主成分分析显示,8种重金属可被辨识为2个主成分,即Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn和Pb为人为复合源因子,As、Cd和Hg为农业源因子.空间分析显示,松江湿地沉积物中Ni、Cu、Zn和Cr主要分布在阿什河口和白鱼泡湿地,As、Cd和Hg主要分布在金河湾、阿什河口和白鱼泡湿地,Pb主要分布在阿什河口湿地.③地积累指数(Igeo)评价表明,在所有采样点中Cd和Hg分别处于轻度和偏中度污染水平,其他元素均处于无污染水平.④潜在生态风险指数分析结果表明,松江湿地重金属的潜在生态风险主要是由Cd和Hg引起,二者贡献率分别为33.4%和57.6%;整个研究区综合潜在生态风险指数(RI)介于135.28~733.27之间,平均值为234.47,属于中度污染.8个采样区的生态风险指数依次为阿什河口>金河湾>白鱼泡>太平庄滩>松江>呼兰河口>滨江>太阳岛,其中,阿什河口湿地达到了较高污染,其他采样区均为中度污染.研究显示,松江湿地表层沉积物中重金属存在生态风险,其中以阿什河口湿地风险为最高. 相似文献
980.
海洋沉积物中Zn对底栖端足类生物的毒性 总被引:2,自引:3,他引:2
通过分析Zn加标沉积物中酸溶挥发性硫化物与同步提取金属的摩尔浓度差值解释Zn对底栖生物的毒性作用,受试生物种选择端足类底栖生物日本大螯蜚(Grandidierella japonica),使用实验室沉积物10-day急性毒性生物检验方法进行检验分析结果表明,当酸溶挥发性硫化物与同步提取金属的差值<0μmol/g干重时,Zn在沉积物间隙水中的浓度非常低,而且在生物急性毒性试验中也很少发现生物致死的现象相反,当二者的差值>0μmol/g时,Zn在沉积物间隙水中的浓度则明显升高,而且在生物急性毒性试验中受试生物致死率迅速增加.本研究通过将化学数据与生物短期暴露的观察结果相比较,支持了使用酸溶挥发性硫化物作为归一化因子预测金属沾污沉积物毒性的方法. 相似文献