粉煤灰中氨氮的测定方法研究

从浸提、干扰去除和显色3个方面对纳氏试剂分光光度法进行优化改进,建立了一种用于粉煤灰中氨氮测定的适宜方法,并利用浸提完全度和精密度实验对该方法了进行了评价。优化后的方法为:按固液比1∶10加入0.05 mol/L H_2SO_4振荡浸提30 min,再加入1.5 mL酒石酸钾钠溶液(500 g/L)和1.5 mL NaOH溶液(5 mol/L)去除金属离子干扰,最后加入1.5 mL纳氏试剂进行显色。粉煤灰浸提后残渣的蒸馏液中未检测出氨氮,说明浸提效果较为完全。同一样品的8次平行测定结果的相对标准偏差为6.10%,说明该方法稳定可靠。     

Accelerated ash accumulation method for diesel particulate filter and its characterization: a review

ABSTRACT

It is well known that high-efficiency wall-flow particulate filter is the most commonly used technology that can effectively reduce both particulate matter (PM) and particulate number (PN) to comply with the latest emission legislations. Ash, defined as the noncombustible, non-evaporative residue derived mostly from lubricants, has critical impact on engine backpressure, particulate filter filtration efficiency and durability performance, therefore, the investigation of ash impact on particulate filter is of great importance. Due to cost-saving potential, several published methods from different laboratories for accelerated ash loading under carefully controlled conditions are described in this review, including some characterization methods that have been used for the evaluation of filter performance. In addition, the impact of ash deposit on back pressure and regeneration performance are also discussed in this review.     

化学絮凝-吸附预处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液试验研究

为改进现有二滩库区垃圾处理填埋场垃圾渗滤液处理工艺,研究絮凝—吸附法预处理工艺,试验以聚合氯化铝作为絮凝剂,最佳投放量为600mg/L,以粉煤灰作为吸附剂,最佳投放量为200g/L。结果表明:CODcr去除率达到79.64%;NH3-N去除率达到83.23%;悬浮物去除率达到58.75%;色度去除率达到92.56%;重金属离子去除率为60.37%～96.33%;研究证明:渗滤液经预处理后可以与城市生活污水合并处理。     

污泥厌氧消化液中碳酸盐对回收磷的影响

为探讨污泥厌氧消化液中碳酸盐对以磷酸钙盐形式回收磷的影响,以粉煤灰浸出液为钙源,考察了消化液中的碳酸盐对磷回收过程和磷回收产物性质的影响。实验结果表明,在反应pH为10、反应钙磷摩尔比为1.67、反应时间为10 m in的条件下,消化液碳酸盐浓度为2 400 mg/L(以CaCO3计)时,磷的回收率为78.53%,回收产物中磷含量(以P2O5计)为28.93%;对消化液进行盐酸预酸化使pH达到4及以下时,磷回收率接近100%,回收产物中磷含量(以P2O5计)达到43.08%。消化液中碳酸盐的存在易形成碳酸钙沉淀,从而降低了磷回收率、回收产物中磷含量以及回收产品的纯度;预酸化能够有效地去除消化液中的碳酸盐并降低了其对磷回收的不利影响。     

烧结烟气脱硫剂性能的研究

为了提高脱硫效率和合理利用烧结过程中产生的机头灰,在半干法烟气脱硫剂生石灰中,加入一定量的烧结机头灰作为脱硫催化剂。在测定机头灰与生石灰化学成分、粒度和比表面积的基础上,研究和分析了机头灰与生石灰的质量配比对于脱硫效率的影响。结果表明,脱硫剂与机头灰在粒径分布和比表面积上都较接近,但经过消化活化后的混合脱硫剂的比表面积明显增大。当机头灰添加量为脱硫剂质量的2%～5%时,脱硫效率提高了2%～3%。机头灰与生石灰的胶凝反应以及机头灰中Fe2O3的催化作用是主要的作用机理。     

改性粉煤灰去除硝基苯废水的研究

粉煤灰经过废硫酸改性处理后吸附能力大大提高,用改性粉煤灰对生化后的硝基苯废水进行了实验研究,实验考察了粉煤灰的投加量、pH值、吸附时间对硝基苯去除率的影响,并对机理进行了分析.粉煤灰改性后应用于硝基苯废水处理中达到以废治废,具有一定的经济意义.     

Equilibrium study and kinetics of Cu removal from water by zeolite prepared from oil shale ash

Engineered zeolite was produced from oil shale ash by reaction with sodium hydroxide in a closed vessel reactor. This adsorbent was used for removal of copper ions from aqueous solution. The maximum adsorption capacity was 504.6 mg Cu²⁺/g zeolite. Kinetic studies showed that the rate of adsorption of copper is increased with increasing the solution pH and temperature, quantity of the zeolite and agitation speed. The kinetic data were fitted to homogeneous micropore model and found that the mass transfer coefficient and diffusivity of the Cu²⁺ are directly affected by the kinetic parameters. The increase in solution concentration will decrease the mass transfer coefficient while diffusivity is increased.     

膨润土复合新型吸附剂处理含Mn~(2+)废水

针对废水中Mn2+难去除问题,利用经高温焙烧制备的膨润土-粉煤灰复合新型吸附剂对废水中的Mn2+进行吸附处理实验研究。研究了新型吸附剂在不同的吸附时间、pH、初始Mn2+浓度条件下对Mn2+的吸附去除效果影响、Fe2+、Mn2+共存时竞争吸附特性以及吸附Mn2+的吸附性能和反应动力学。实验结果表明,新型吸附剂处理Mn2+浓度为35 mg/L的废水,在温度25℃、转速100 r/min、投加量20 g/L、吸附时间120 min、pH≥7时反应条件最佳,Mn2+的去除率均可达到90%以上;Fe2+、Mn2+共存时,存在竞争吸附,Fe2+会被优先选择吸附去除,Fe2+的存在会影响Mn2+的去除效果;膨润土复合新型吸附剂对Mn2+的吸附行为符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级动力学模型。新型吸附剂对废水中的Mn2+有很好的去除效果,而且能有效解决膨润土不易固液分离问题,可作为含Mn2+废水高效、廉价、环保的水处理吸附剂。     

我国脱硫灰渣作为水泥原料及混合材的综合利用现状

阐述了固废物脱硫灰的成分与特点以及目前我国对脱硫灰渣作为水泥原料和混合材的利用现状,并分析了影响脱硫灰渣利用的主要问题和资源化利用提出的建议,对脱硫灰渣作为水泥原料及混合材的进一步发展和推广提供一些有益的参考。     

家蝇抗菌蛋白的分离纯化及部分性质

通过体壁损伤诱导家蝇（Musca domestica)幼虫产生免疫血淋巴,经沸水浴热变性、减压蒸馏浓缩、Sephadex G-15柱脱盐、CM-Sepharose离子交换层析、Sephadex G-50凝胶过滤等步骤,分离得到一种具抗菌活性的蛋白质,并达电泳纯,结果表明,分离物不具血细胞凝集活性,也不是溶菌酶,而是一种未见报道的抗菌蛋白,经SDS-PAGE测得,该抗菌蛋白Mr=12600,等电点为9.8。