粉煤灰在热处理过程中汞的逸出规律

文章研究了粉煤灰在热处理过程中汞的逸出规律,通过改变焙烧温度、焙烧时间和通气流量等条件,利用安大略水法,对逸出的零价汞(Hg0)和二价汞(Hg2+)以及总汞的含量进行了测定。结果表明:在加热温度达到400℃时,飞灰中的可挥发汞已基本完全释放,逸出量大约为0.2μg/g。当加热温度升高到600~1 000℃之间时,零价汞含量明显降低,而二价汞含量明显升高,可以观察到较为明显的零价汞氧化为二价汞的现象。汞的逸出量与氧化程度主要与加热温度有关,而加热时间与通气量的影响相对较小。在1 000℃,加热时间30 min,通气量0.5 L/min的条件下,可挥发汞将完全逸出并有部分零价汞被氧化。结合上述研究结果,在对粉煤灰进行加热处理时,需要对其中汞的二次释放现象加以重视并采取相应的控制措施。     

适用于BAF的粉煤灰免烧陶粒的制备

为拓宽粉煤灰免烧陶粒的应用范围,使免烧法得以推广,本实验通过激发粉煤灰的潜在活性并选用污水厂剩余污泥为添加剂的方法制备免烧陶粒,使产品比市售烧结陶粒更适用于污水处理领域,为粉煤灰、污泥的处理提供一条经济合理的途径。实验对粉煤灰活性激发机理、污泥添加作用和陶粒物相组成(XRD)进行研究。制备陶粒产品的主要性能指标是破碎率1.9%,,表观密度为1667kg/m3,比表面积7.84m2/g。将制备免烧陶粒和市售烧结陶粒投入曝气生物滤池处理生活污水,结果表明利用污泥为添加剂,可在一定条件下制备出适用于BAF的性能优良的功能陶粒,达到经济节能、变废为宝的目的。     

粉煤灰处理生活污水的实验研究

粉煤灰比表面积较大,常被用作吸附材料而广泛应用于污水的处理。主要利用电厂产生的粉煤灰做吸附剂,对生活污水进行处理,考察了pH值、灰水比、粉煤灰粒径、时间等因素对吸附效果的影响。研究结果表明,粉煤灰最佳灰水比为1/30,吸附平衡时间为70min,在弱酸性或弱碱性和较小粒度的条件下,粉煤灰吸附生活污水的效果较好。     

黑水虻对三种病原菌的杀灭作用研究

畜牧业的蓬勃发展带来了愈发严重的畜禽粪便病原菌污染问题,黑水虻作为一种重要的资源昆虫,其幼虫能有效杀灭畜禽粪便中的病原菌,并生产出有价值的附加产品.为探究黑水虻幼虫杀灭畜禽粪便中病原菌的具体规律和机制,开展了黑水虻幼虫杀灭大肠杆菌O157∶H7(Escherichia coli O157∶H7)、沙门氏菌(Salmon...     

Assessing the Potential Effects of Fungicides on Nontarget Gut Fungi (Trichomycetes) and Their Associated Larval Black Fly Hosts

Fungicides are moderately hydrophobic and have been detected in water and sediment, particularly in agricultural watersheds, but typically are not included in routine water quality monitoring efforts. This is despite their widespread use and frequent application to combat fungal pathogens. Although the efficacy of these compounds on fungal pathogens is well documented, little is known about their effects on nontarget fungi. This pilot study, a field survey in southwestern Idaho from April to December 2010 on four streams with varying pesticide inputs (two agricultural and two reference sites), was conducted to assess nontarget impact of fungicides on gut fungi, or trichomycetes. Tissues of larval black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae), hosts of gut fungi, were analyzed for pesticide accumulation. Fungicides were detected in hosts from streams within agricultural watersheds but were not detected in hosts from reference streams. Gut fungi from agricultural sites exhibited decreased percent infestation, density and sporulation within the gut, and black fly tissues had elevated pesticide concentrations. Differences observed between the sites demonstrate a potential effect on this symbiotic system. Future research is needed to parse out the details of the complex biotic and abiotic relationships; however, these preliminary results indicate that impacts to nontarget organisms could have far‐reaching consequences within aquatic ecosystems.     

农药西维因及敌草隆在草木灰上的吸附行为研究

测定分析了草木灰的孔隙结构、表面性质及化学组成,选择理化参数接近,空间构型不同的2种农药西维因和敌草隆作为吸附质,研究其在草木灰上吸附行为,结果表明两者在草木灰上吸附模式理截然不同,线性吸附方程及准一级动力学方程能够拟合平面型分子西维因的吸附等温线及动力学曲线,Freundlich吸附等温式及二级动力学方程吸附对非平面型分子敌草隆的等温线及动力学曲线拟合程度最高,说明平面型分子的吸附可能以简单的线性分配为主,而非平面型分子可能以多过程非线性吸附为主;等温线及动力学拟合参数显示,草木灰对平面型分子西维因的吸附量远大于非平面型分子敌草隆,说明吸附质分子的空间位阻效应是影响吸附的重要因素.     

垃圾焚烧飞灰合成地聚物及重金属稳定化效果

以偏高岭土和大掺量垃圾焚烧飞灰为原料,在碱激发作用下制备地质聚合物材料。在抗压强度和重金属浸出毒性测定的基础上,研究了不同原料配比对地聚物性能的影响。实验结果表明:合成的地聚物材料有较高强度,可以达到17 MPa以上,对重金属有明显固化效果,Pb水浸、无机酸浸、有机酸浸出浓度分别为0.25,0.16,0.22 mg/L;Cd水浸、无机酸浸、有机酸浸出浓度分别为0,0,0.15 mg/L,Pb、Cd和其他重金属均达到进入生活垃圾填埋场标准。     

Effect of seawater salinity on the synthesis of zeolite from coal fly ash

A novel method for the synthesis of zeolite was developed in this paper. The synthesis was carried out by hydrothermal activation after alkali fusion and coal fly ash （CFA） was used as raw material with seawater of different salinities. Seawater salinity was varied from 32 to 88 for zeolite crystallization during the hydrothermal process. The results show that seawater salinity plays an important role in zeolite synthesis with CFA during hydrothermal treatment. The products were a mixture of NaX zeolite and hydroxysodalite; seawater salinity more strongly affected the crystallization than the type and chemical composition of the zeolites. The yield of CFA transformed into zeolite gradually rose with the increase in salinity, reaching a transformation rate of 48%--62% as the salinity increased from 32 to 88, respectively. The proposed method allows for the efficient disposal of by-products; therefore, the application of seawater in zeolite synthesis presents promising economic and ecological benefits.     

粉煤灰深度处理制药废水实验研究

Fenton是酸性条件下Fe2+催化H2O2生成强氧化性的.OH,但调节pH的过程中耗费大量的酸和碱,运行费用昂贵,故Photo-Fenton反应受到重视。维生素制药废水生化后含有大量难降解污染物,以低浓度、难生物降解的实际废水为对象进行深度处理实验,研究改性粉煤灰、H2O2及FeSO4.7H2O的投加量,反应时间等因素的影响和优化。     

Recovery of molybdenum from fly ash by gibbsite

The effectiveness of gibbsite (GB), an amorphous aluminum oxide, for the recovery of Mo(VI) from eluates of fly ash of two coal-fired thermal power stations and of roof tile waste was investigated. Upon the qualitative analysis of an eluate of fly ash, 16 elements were detected. Greater amounts of these elements were eluted under acidic conditions (pH 2) than from the neutral or basic eluate of fly ash. GB was used for the adsorption of Mo(VI). Equilibrium adsorption was reached within 1?min. Optimal solution acidity for the adsorption of Mo(VI) onto GB400 (calcined at 400°C) was pH 2. The main adsorption mechanism was ion exchange with a number of hydroxyl groups of GB400. For repeated ad- and desorption of Mo(VI), GB400 could be used at least four times and the recovery percentage of Mo(VI) with sodium hydroxide solution as eluent surpassed 90%. Our results showed that GB400 was very effective for the recovery of Mo(VI) from fly ash.