粉煤灰吸附处理垃圾渗滤液的试验研究

粉煤灰作为固体废弃物严重污染环境,随着粉煤灰排放量的增大,如何利用粉煤灰成为摆在我们面前的一个重要问题。而粉煤灰因比表面积大而具有吸附性能,笔者利用粉煤灰的这种特性对垃圾渗滤液进行处理,达到以废治废的目的,因此该研究具有显著的环境效益和经济效益。     

基于地聚合反应的生活垃圾焚烧飞灰资源化利用实验研究

为了实现对城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的资源化利用,本实验以城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰为原材料,通过碱激发法制备出力学性能优异的地聚合物固化体.当碱激发剂的模数为1.0,垃圾焚烧飞灰含量为60％,碱激发剂和固体质量比为1:1.2时垃圾焚烧飞灰基地聚合物的抗压强度最佳.XRD分析结果表明所制备的地聚合物中存在少量碳酸钙和沸石结晶相,S...     

生活垃圾焚烧底渣中重金属和多环芳烃的浸出实验研究

随着生活垃圾焚烧处理方式的不断推广,焚烧底渣的产生量也不断增加。按照我国的固体废物分类方法,底渣属于一般固体废物,无需进一步处置而可直接进入环境。实验结果表明,底渣中的重金属和多环芳烃可以被浸出而迁移进入环境。重金属的浸出浓度受到水相pH值和底渣粒度的影响,初期的浸出浓度最大。在底渣浸出液中,可以检测到8种环数≤4的多环芳烃,其中菲的浸出浓度最大（超过10ng／mL）。实验结果显示,底渣中的多环芳烃对环境造成的二次污染比较严重。     

Accelerated ash accumulation method for diesel particulate filter and its characterization: a review

ABSTRACT

It is well known that high-efficiency wall-flow particulate filter is the most commonly used technology that can effectively reduce both particulate matter (PM) and particulate number (PN) to comply with the latest emission legislations. Ash, defined as the noncombustible, non-evaporative residue derived mostly from lubricants, has critical impact on engine backpressure, particulate filter filtration efficiency and durability performance, therefore, the investigation of ash impact on particulate filter is of great importance. Due to cost-saving potential, several published methods from different laboratories for accelerated ash loading under carefully controlled conditions are described in this review, including some characterization methods that have been used for the evaluation of filter performance. In addition, the impact of ash deposit on back pressure and regeneration performance are also discussed in this review.     

烧结烟气脱硫剂性能的研究

为了提高脱硫效率和合理利用烧结过程中产生的机头灰,在半干法烟气脱硫剂生石灰中,加入一定量的烧结机头灰作为脱硫催化剂。在测定机头灰与生石灰化学成分、粒度和比表面积的基础上,研究和分析了机头灰与生石灰的质量配比对于脱硫效率的影响。结果表明,脱硫剂与机头灰在粒径分布和比表面积上都较接近,但经过消化活化后的混合脱硫剂的比表面积明显增大。当机头灰添加量为脱硫剂质量的2%～5%时,脱硫效率提高了2%～3%。机头灰与生石灰的胶凝反应以及机头灰中Fe2O3的催化作用是主要的作用机理。     

污泥厌氧消化液中碳酸盐对回收磷的影响

为探讨污泥厌氧消化液中碳酸盐对以磷酸钙盐形式回收磷的影响,以粉煤灰浸出液为钙源,考察了消化液中的碳酸盐对磷回收过程和磷回收产物性质的影响。实验结果表明,在反应pH为10、反应钙磷摩尔比为1.67、反应时间为10 m in的条件下,消化液碳酸盐浓度为2 400 mg/L(以CaCO3计)时,磷的回收率为78.53%,回收产物中磷含量(以P2O5计)为28.93%;对消化液进行盐酸预酸化使pH达到4及以下时,磷回收率接近100%,回收产物中磷含量(以P2O5计)达到43.08%。消化液中碳酸盐的存在易形成碳酸钙沉淀,从而降低了磷回收率、回收产物中磷含量以及回收产品的纯度;预酸化能够有效地去除消化液中的碳酸盐并降低了其对磷回收的不利影响。     

脱硫灰用作钙质材料制备蒸压加气混凝土砖块

为实现半干法脱硫灰的资源化利用,采用半干法脱硫灰作为蒸压加气混凝土砖块中的钙质材料。对脱硫灰进行预处理,使其在含水量20%条件下消化2 h后,烘干。在其他条件不变情况下,掺入经过预处理后的脱硫灰,砖块的抗压强度会有明显的提高。增加经过预处理后的脱硫灰的掺入量,可以在不影响砖块的抗压强度性能的基础之上,降低砖块的干燥收缩值和导热系数,同时提高砖块的抗冻性能和保温隔热性能。     

粉煤灰微波改性及其对Cr6+的吸附特性

将粉煤灰(fly ash,FA)微波辐照制得微波改性粉煤灰(MFA),选择用H2SO4、NaOH和Ca(OH)2对MFA进行化学改性制得微波化学改性粉煤灰(MMFA),结果表明,用2 mol/L NaOH并按与MFA的质量体积比为1∶4制得的MMFA对Cr6+的吸附去除效果最好,与原灰相比,去除率显著增强。研究了NaOH改性MMFA对废水中Cr6+的吸附性能。动力学研究结果表明,MMFA对Cr6+的吸附动力学符合二级吸附动力学速率方程,吸附受颗粒内扩散过程控制。热力学研究结果表明,在25、35和45℃下MMFA对Cr6+的等温吸附行为均可用Langmuir方程、Freundlich方程和线性方程描述,所得热力学参数吸附自由能(ΔG)、吸附焓(ΔH)和吸附熵(ΔS)均为负值,说明MMFA对Cr6+的吸附过程为自发进行的放热吸附过程。     

湿法烟气脱硫反应过程的实验研究

在石灰石/石膏湿法烟气脱硫中试台上,系统开展了浆液pH值、飞灰浓度、液气比、入口SO2浓度、烟气速度和氧化方式等对脱硫反应过程影响的实验研究。实验表明,脱硫效率随着石膏浆液pH值、液气比的升高而增加,且入口SO2浓度越高,液气比越低,影响效应越明显;脱硫效率随着烟气速度、烟气温度和入口SO2浓度的增加而下降;石膏浆液中飞灰含量对系统脱硫效率具有一定的促进作用:pH值>5.6,飞灰浸出液中Fe3+含量相对较低,Fe3+对脱硫反应过渡态催化氧化影响程度较轻,不同工况脱硫效率差别不大。pH值<5.6,飞灰浸出液中Fe3+含量随pH值降低而增大,增效效果逐渐显著;氧化方式对脱硫反应过程有明显的影响,强制氧化工艺的脱硫效率比自然氧化的高5%左右。     

Wood pellet fly ash and bottom ash as an effective liming agent and nutrient source for rye grass (Lolium perenne L.) and oats (Avena sativa)

Fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA) from a softwood pellet boiler were characterized and evaluated as soil amendments. In a greenhouse study, two plant species (rye grass, Lolium perenne L. and oats, Avena sativa) were grown in three different treatments (1% FA, 1% BA, non-amended control) of a silty loam soil. Total concentrations of plant nutrients Ca, K, Mg, P and Zn in both ashes were elevated compared to conventional wood ash. Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Pb, Se and Zn were found to be elevated in the FA relative to BA and the non-amended soil. At 28 d, oat above-ground biomass was found to be significantly greater in soil amended with FA. Potassium and Mo plant tissue concentrations were significantly increased by addition of either ash, and FA significantly increased Zn tissue concentrations. Cadmium and Hg tissue concentrations were elevated in some cases. As soil amendments, either pellet ash is an effective liming agent and nutrient source, but high concentrations of Cd and Zn in FA may preclude its use as an agricultural soil amendment in some jurisdictions. Lower ash application rates than those used in this study (i.e. <1%) may still provide sufficient nutrients and effective neutralization of soil acidity.