垃圾焚烧飞灰成型及低温烧结稳定化研究

对焚烧飞灰进行水泥固化成型,并对成型体进行烧结研究。通过XRD、SEM等表征方法探索垃圾了焚烧飞灰在高温条件下的反应机理,以及添加助熔剂对烧结的影响。结果表明:添加Na2CO3可促进水泥早期的固化,但对水泥后期的固化不利;在养护时间为2 d时,水泥固化飞灰试块抗压强度达到1.91 MPa,完全满足成型的要求;XRD和SEM分析结果表明:固化体烧结后主要生成钙铝黄长石、硅酸钙等,Na2B4O7·10H2O的助熔效果明显;随着烧结温度的升高,重金属Ni、Cu、Pb和Cd的浸出浓度和浸出率下降,随着助熔剂Na2B4O7·10H2O添加量的增加,重金属Cu和Cd的浸出率增加,Pb的浸出率降低;浸出实验结果表明:重金属Ni、Cu、Pb和Cd的浸出浓度远低于国家标准。     

利用改性钒钛钢渣和飞灰吸附模拟烟气中的Hg0

固体废弃物钒钛钢渣(VTS)、飞灰(FA)含有Fe、V、Ti等可促进Hg0氧化吸附的过渡金属氧化物,为提高VTS吸附Hg0性能、改性FA的抗硫特性,利用蒸汽活化、浸渍FeCl₃方法改性FA/VTS、FA/CaO,在固定吸附床上研究了不同改性方法、反应温度(T)、烟气ρ(SO₂)和ρ(HCl)对η(吸Hg0效率)的影响. 结果表明:蒸汽活化对提高η的作用有限. 经浸渍FeCl₃方法改性的FA/VTS,其η显著提高,在200 ℃下,吸附20 min时可达93%,吸附10 h后的Q(吸附容量)为0.42 mg/g;而浸渍FeCl₃方法改性的FA/CaO,其η随温度呈先升后降趋势,在120 ℃、吸附20 min时达到最高(74%). SO₂抑制Hg0的吸附,但FA/VTS的抗硫性能较FA/CaO有显著提高,具有低温抗硫吸附Hg0的潜势,可能与VTS中Ti的质量分数高有关. HCl可促进Hg0的吸附,在ρ(HCl)为30 mg/m3条件下,浸渍FeCl₃方法改性的FA/VTS吸附2 h的η在90%以上. 研究表明,经FeCl₃浸渍改性的FA/VTS是较好的Hg0吸附剂,具有实际应用的潜势.      

Identification of Bacillus methylotrophicus and its application in preventing fly maggot production in the environment北大核心CSCD

This research aimed to screen Bacillus spp. to prevent the production of fly maggot on kitchen wastes from soil in the experimental bases of the South China Agricultural University. A nutrient-rich medium was used to isolate the Bacillus spp. with high temperature treatment. The seventeen Bacillus strains were obtained and assigned to three groups by using Insertion Sequence based PCR (IS-PCR) DNA fingerprinting patterns. The homology of the 16S rDNA gene was 100% between Group I and Bacillus methylotrophicus CBMB 205T, 99.61% between Group II and Bacillus aerophilus 28KT, and 99.87% between Group III and Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579T. The results of kitchen waste tests proved that the representative bacteria of Group I RF2 had the ability to prevent fly maggot production on kitchen wastes. Furthermore, the results of physiological and biochemical tests, carbon utilization tests, and antagonists against plant pathogen tests showed that the bacteria from Group I RF2 had the ability to decompose glucose into pyruvate and then decarboxylate pyruvate to diacetyl under alkaline conditions, convert ammonia to intracellular amino acids or other kinds of nitrogenous compounds, use many kinds of carbon source for self-growth, and be antagonistic against plant pathogenic rice sheath blight disease, banana fusarium wilt, and Fusarium oxysporum. Besides, the bacteria from RF2 could secret organic acids to dissolve insoluble phosphate [Ca3(PO4)2] for its own growth by decreasing the pH. Group I RF2 was a strong plant-promotion bacterium, and had good prospects of application for preventing fly maggot production on kitchen wastes. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

城市生活垃圾焚烧灰渣浸出试验

选择了城市生活垃圾焚烧炉渣中8种含量高、危害大的金属元素进行了静态和动态浸出性试验。结果表明,钙含量和温度是影响有害金属离子溶出的主要因素。对8种金属离子的浸出率和迁移规律进行了排序和分析,为灰渣安全处理和合理利用提供了科学依据。     

粉煤灰基吸附剂对模拟废水中Cd2+的吸附性能

以粉煤灰为原料、Na2CO3为助熔剂,采用盐熔融—水浴结晶法制备粉煤灰基吸附剂。探讨了吸附剂的最佳制备条件及其对模拟废水中Cd2+的最佳吸附条件、吸附动力学和吸附机理。实验结果表明:制备吸附剂的最佳工艺条件为m(粉煤灰)∶m(Na2CO3)为1∶2,焙烧温度为450℃;采用最佳制备工艺条件下制备的吸附剂(记作2-450℃-FA吸附剂),在初始Cd2+质量浓度为300 mg/L、初始溶液pH为7.7、振荡时间为120 min的条件下,对模拟废水中Cd2+的去除率为98.0%。2-450℃-FA吸附剂对Cd2+的吸附主要受颗粒内扩散控制,吸附过程可用准二级吸附动力学方程很好地描述。Ea为77.22 kJ/mol,吸附过程主要为化学吸附。     

粉煤灰吸附—石灰沉淀处理高浓度含氟废水

采用粉煤灰吸附—石灰沉淀处理高浓度含氟废水.正交实验得到的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度10℃,石灰加入量3.0 g/mL,反应时间60 min,废水pH 6.88.在此最佳工艺条件下处理F质量浓度为150 mg/L的含氟废水,Fˉ去除率为97.53％.Mn2+,Fe3+,Mg2+,A13+,Zn2+单独存在时,随5种阳离子质量浓度增大,Fˉ去除率略有增加;当5种阳离子共同存在且质量浓度均大于500 mg/L时,Fˉ去除率下降.PO43-,SO42-,CO32-,NO3-单独存在时对Fˉ去除率影响不大;当4种阴离子共同存在且质量浓度均大于800 mg/L时,Fˉ去除率低于对照实验.     

CuCl2改性飞灰吸附气相零价汞

采用CuCl₂对循环流化床锅炉飞灰进行改性,在固定床反应器上对CuCl₂改性飞灰进行了气相零价汞（Hg⁰）吸附实验。考察了CuCl₂负载量和吸附温度对改性飞灰Hg⁰吸附能力的影响,并结合颗粒内扩散模型、准一阶动力学模型、准二阶动力学模型和耶洛维奇模型拟合结果分析该过程的控制步骤。结果表明： CuCl₂改性飞灰的Hg⁰穿透时间远大于未改性飞灰,对Hg⁰的吸附量随CuCl₂负载量的增加而增加;CuCl₂改性飞灰的Hg⁰吸附能力随吸附温度的升高先增大后减小,150 ℃为最佳吸附温度;准二阶动力学模型的拟合值与实验值相关系数最高,且该模型初始吸附速率与实验值最为接近,即准二阶动力学模型更适合于描述CuCl₂改性飞灰的Hg⁰吸附过程。     

Delineation of groundwater contamination around an ash pond: geochemical and GIS approach

The study has investigated the levels of metal contamination in groundwater due to particulate matter fallout and leaching from ash pond and assigned contamination indices for the adjacent localities around an ash disposal site with application of geographic information systems (GIS). Fe, Ba, Cu, Mn, S, Pb, V, and Zn were found to be the major contaminants in groundwater. Enrichment factors (EF) of these elements with respect to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) maximum contaminant levels show high values for Mn, Fe, and Pb in groundwater. The zone of attenuation for Ba, Fe, Cu, Mn, S, and Zn in groundwater is about 600-900 m from the ash pond, while Pb did not show any significant attenuation even at a distance of 1200 m. Tube wells around Rankasingha and Kukurhanga villages are most contaminated whereas open wells of Lachhmanpur, Kaniapada, and Kurudul villages showed higher degrees of contamination.     

粉煤灰复合材料砖的研制

提出了在常温下以粉煤灰为主要原料，研制高强度复合材料的方法。探讨了物料的成分配比、混料、成型和干燥的过程参数，并确定了材料的各项性能指标。     

Use of created cattail (Typha) wetlands in mitigation strategies

In order to balance pressures for land-use development with protection of wetland resources, artificial wetlands have been constructed in an effort to replace lost ecosystems. Despite its regulatory appeal and prominent role in current mitigation strategies, it is unclear whether or not created systems actually compensate for lost wetland resources. Mitigation predictions that rely on artificial wetlands must be analyzed critically in terms of their efficacy. Destruction of wetlands due to burial by coal fly ash at a municipal landfill in Danvers, Massachusetts, USA, provided an opportunity to compare resulting growth of created cattail (Typha) marshes with natural wetland areas. Once the appropriate cattail species was identified for growth under disturbed landfill conditions, two types of artificial wetlands were constructed. The two systems differed in their hydrologic attributes: while one had a surface water flow characteristic of most cattail wetlands, the second system mimicked soil and water conditions found in naturally occurring floating cattail marshes. Comparison of plant growth measurements for two years from the artificial systems with published values for natural cattail marshes revealed similar structure and growth patterns. Experiments are now in progress to investigate the ability of created cattail marshes to remove and accumulate heavy metals from polluted landfill leachate. Research of the type reported here must be pursued aggressively in order to document the performance of artificial wetlands in terms of plant structure and wetland functions. Such research should allow us to start to evaluate whether artificial systems actually compensate for lost wetlands by performing similar functions and providing the concomitant public benefits.