Removal of elemental mercury by iodine-modified rice husk ash sorbents

Iodine-modified calcium-based rice husk ash sorbents(I2/CaO/RHA) were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction,X-ray fluorescence,and N2 isotherm adsorption/desorption.Adsorption experiments of vapor-phase elemental mercury(Hg0) were performed in a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor.I2/CaO/RHA performances on Hg0 adsorption were compared with those of modified Ca-based fly ash sorbents(I2/CaO/FA) and modified fly ash sorbents(I2/FA) .Effects of oxidant loading,supports,pore size distribution,iodine impregnation modes,and temperature were investigated as well to understand the mechanism in capturing Hg0.The modified sorbents exhibited reasonable effciency for Hg0 removal under simulated flue gas.The surface area,pore size distribution,and iodine impregnation modes of the sorbents did not produce a strong effect on Hg0 capture effciency,while fair correlation was observed between Hg0 uptake capacity and iodine concentration.Therefore,the content of I2 impregnated on the sorbents was identified as the most important factor influencing the capacity of these sorbents for Hg0 uptake.Increasing temperature in the range of 80-140°C caused a rise in Hg0 removal.A reaction mechanism that may explain the experimental results was presumed based on the characterizations and adsorption study.     

Characterization of mechanochemical treated fly ash from a medical waste incinerator

The mechanochemical treatment of fly ash generated from a medical waste incinerator was subjected to grinding for 2 hr at 400 r/min in a planetary ball mill. The treated fly ash was characterized by a suite of analytical methods including High Resolution Gas Chromatograph/High Resolution Mass Spectrometer, Mastersizer 2000 Particle Size Analyzer, QUADRASORBTM SI Surface Area Analyzer, Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray di raction. Results showed that abatement e ciency of polychlorinated dibenzop- dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs) in terms of total concentration averagely amount to 76% which was relatively higher than that of I-TEQ concentration averagely amount to 56%; the most concentration of toxic congeners as well as isomers of PCDDs/Fs decreased after mechanochemical treatment. The treated fly ash was characterized by a more homogeneous distribution of concaves as well as the significant decreasing in overall particle size and great enlargement in surface area. The major crystallization phases or intensities were considerably changed by mechanochemical treatment, of which a new phase containing chlorine formed may be a possible factor suggesting chlorination reaction occurring on the crystalline surface.     

微生物对煤系固体废弃物淋滤液污染性影响

煤矸石和粉煤灰是煤矿区的两种主要废弃物,它们不仅占用大量的土地,同时也对矿区环境产生了严重污染。分别接种氧化硫硫杆菌和解磷细菌于煤矸石和粉煤灰中,通过柱状淋滤试验研究微生物对两种固体废弃物淋滤液污染性的影响。结果表明:煤矸石中添加氧化硫硫杆菌能显著脱除煤矸石中的硫,同时淋滤液中也生成了大量的H+和铁离子,使淋滤液中硫酸根和磷酸根离子浓度显著增大,超出了GB3838-2002《地表水环境质量标准》的指标。粉煤灰中添加解磷菌能显著提高淋滤液中的磷含量和电导率,但对淋滤液的pH、SO42-和铁离子影响不明显。氧化硫硫杆菌和解磷细菌对煤矸石和粉煤灰混合工艺处理效果较好,粉煤灰在一定程度上降低了硫、磷和铁的污染性。     

煤系固体废物与污泥混合用于矿区复垦的试验研究

矿区复垦作为生态恢复的重要手段,在国内外应用中有很多种方法,在此分析了粉煤灰、煤矸石及污泥各自的特点、应用特征,指出单一废物用于复垦存在的缺陷;通过对3种废弃物及其按不同质量比混合后各土样的pH值、电导率、氮（N）、磷（P）、钾（K）等理化指标的测定分析,研究了粉煤灰、煤矸石等煤系固体废物与污水处理厂排放污泥混合用于矿区复垦的可行性。结果表明：不同比例基质pH值、电导率、各配比样的营养标准均可满足植物生长的需要。说明该方法用于矿区生态修复的优势所在。     

钛白废酸与粉煤灰集合处理染料废水试验研究

以钛白粉废酸与粉煤灰为原料研制粉煤灰基混凝剂(FABC),通过对某印染废水的混凝和吸附处理,废水的COD和色度去除率分别达到80.4%和91.65%。该方法集合了混凝、吸附于一体,具有混凝沉降速度快,处理费用低,以废治废的特点。     

石灰、粉煤灰处理铅镉污染土壤的试验研究

试验模拟了Cd,Pb污染土壤,加入石灰、粉煤灰等浸出毒性,试验结果表明,加入质量分数为5％的石灰后,浸出液中的Cd,Pb浸出浓度最低,比模拟污土样品分别降低85．5％,45．2％,其它处理样品的浸出浓度和浸出率都较高,处理效果不理想。Cd,Pb污染土壤进入生活垃圾填埋场之前,添加少量石灰做预处理,是一种较好的方法。另外,浸提刺pH值对Cd,Pb的浸出影响很大。在浸提剂1#（pH值为4．93±0．05）和浸提刺2#（pH值为2．64±0．05）2种浸提剂下,Cd浸出浓度相差约30～40倍,Pb的浸出浓度相差约10～20倍。     

粉煤灰催化H_2O_2氧化水中对硝基酚研究

采用粉煤灰做催化剂,研究了在常温常压下对H2O2氧化对硝基酚(PNP)的催化性能.在分析粉煤灰理化性质的基础上,考察了粉煤灰种类,不同预处理方法以及粉煤灰投加量、pH、反应时间、H2O2浓度等因素对PNP去除率的影响.结果表明,比表面积大,未燃炭含量高的粉煤灰催化效果好;经过350℃预处理可以有效提高其催化性能;在pH=2,反应时间为60min,H2O2起始浓度为200mg/L,粉煤灰投加量为60g/L的条件下,热处理粉煤灰对PNP的去除率为62.38%.其中,粉煤灰的比表面积、未燃炭以及活性金属氧化物均是影响其催化活性的重要因素.在催化氧化对硝基苯酚过程中,吸附占有重要作用,为总去除率的65.97%.粉煤灰可以重复使用,随使用次数增加,粉煤灰催化性能提高.第2次、第3次对PNP的去除率分别为82.47%和98.72%,之后的9次实验中去除率均保持在99%左右,在使用12次后催化性能降低.     

Evaluation of zeolites synthesized from fly ash as potential adsorbents for wastewater containing heavy metals

Both pure-form zeolites (zeolites A and X) were synthesized by applying a two-stage method during hydrothermal treatment of fly ash prepared initial gel. The difference of adsorption capacity of both fly ash-synthesized zeolits was assessed under the same adsorption conditions. Copper and zinc were chosen as target heavy metal ions. It was found that adsorption capacity of zeolite A showed much higher value than that of zeolite X. Thus, attention was focused on investigating the removal performance of heavy metal ions in aqueous solution on the synthetic pure-form zeolite A from fly ash, zeolite HS (hydroxyl-solidate) prepared from the residual fly ash (after synthesis of pure-form zeolite A from fly ash) and a commercial grade zeolite A. Batch method was employed to study the influential parameters such as initial pH value, adsorbents dosage and adsorption temperature on the adsorption process. The equilibrium data were well fitted by the Langmuir model and showed the affinity: Cu2+ > Zn2+ (adsorbent FA-ZA). The removal mechanism of metal ions followed adsorption and ion exchange processes. Attempts were also made to recover heavy metal ions and regenerate adsorbents (adsorbent FA-ZA).     

超细粉煤灰对甲基橙的吸附性能和机理研究

以粉煤灰为原料,通过球磨制得超细粉煤灰,研究了其对水中偶氮染料甲基橙的吸附性能和机理。结果表明,在25℃,pH值为2,投加量为0.7g,反应时间为120min时,粉煤灰对甲基橙的去除率为79.4%,超细粉煤灰对甲基橙的去除率可达93.8%。随温度升高,吸附量降低,证明该吸附为放热过程,并计算不同温度下各热力学参数△G,△H和△S。对实验数据运用相关数学模型拟合,显示等温吸附平衡符合Freundlich吸附等温式,吸附过程动力学更适合二级吸附动力学模型。     

垃圾焚烧飞灰制备高温脱硫剂及其性能评价

利用不同地方的垃圾焚烧飞灰来制备高温炉内的脱硫剂,并利用热天平来研究飞灰脱硫剂(FA-脱硫剂)的固硫性能.实验结果表明,FA-脱硫剂的孔隙分布在2000nm左右,并且比生石灰具有更好的固硫能力.添加石膏后的FA-脱硫剂,其机械强度大大提高,但孔径结构变小,脱硫率也有所下降.添加10%(质量分数)水玻璃的FA-脱硫剂的机械强度相当于生石灰,脱硫效果更明显,比没有添加水玻璃时效果更好,孔径结构基本不变.这是由于水玻璃中的钠跟二氧化硫反应生成钠硫酸盐.