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651.
介绍了用于X射线能谱分析(EDX)的飞灰颗粒表面和断面样品的制作方法.对用EDX分析飞灰组成元素及重金属分布的实验方法(包括点(或面)分析、线扫描以及元素能谱图)和信息分析方法进行了探讨.168组的飞灰EDX分析结果表明:飞灰成分非常复杂,其中Si,Ca和Al是基本组成元素,Cl和S出现频率处于第2位,而作为盐基的Na,K和Mg出现频率处于第3位;在以Si,Ca和Al为主体的飞灰颗粒表面和断面重金属富集少,呈随机分布.推测重金属在飞灰上的吸附作用机理包括了物理吸附过程和自飞灰颗粒表面向内部的化学扩散过程. 相似文献
652.
利用柱试验研究了我国垃圾焚烧飞灰在过流系统中的浸出特性. 结果表明:在过流系统中,浸出液的pH呈先升后降的趋势,并且在试验后期保持在碱性条件(pH在9.66左右);飞灰中阳离子(Na+,K+,Ca2+)和阴离子(Cl-,SO42-)的浸出主要集中在试验初期(第96 天),使初期浸出液含盐量很高;柱试验中4种重金属的浸出质量浓度〔ρ(Cd),ρ(Pb),ρ(Cu)和ρ(Cr)〕远低于批试验,但试验前期浸出液中的重金属浸出质量浓度相对较高;当浸取时间超过120 d时,虽然浸出液中重金属浸出质量浓度明显降低,但仍有一定量的重金属不断浸出. 相似文献
653.
Guy Mercier Myriam Chartier Denis Couillard Jean-François Blais 《Environmental management》1999,24(4):517-528
Thiobacillus ferrooxidans to leach metals from APCR to render them nonhazardous. The multistage solubilization process involves an alkaline aqueous
phase that removes some Pb. In the second phase, the APCR are acidified to pH 4 with H2SO4, then inoculated with a bacterial culture that has been acclimated in the presence of 2% Fe (FeCl3). Several rinses and decantings achieve removal of the leachable metals. The final step involves the addition of Ca(H2PO4)2 and an increase in the treatment pH prior to the final filtration. Viability of thiobacilli in APCR was poor. Despite this
problem, the removal of Pb was 35.9%, 46.0%, and 68.7% (for APCR containing 1594, 3026, and 5038 mg Pb/kg, respectively),
which demonstrates greater metal removal with increased APCR contamination. Zn removal varied from 68.2% (8273 mg Zn/kg APCR)
to 79.5% (16,873 mg Zn/kg APCR), which was positively correlated to the level of residue contamination, whereas Cu was removed
in the proportions of 26.9% (495 mg Cu/kg APCR) to 68.2% (465 mg Cu/kg APCR). Cadmium removal appeared to be independent of
the level of Cd in the APCR; Cd was removed to the greatest degree, with a variation of 92.0% (129 mg Cd/kg APCR) to 94.7%
(267 mg Cd/kg APCR). The treated APCR were tested using four different leachate tests. The APCR released 43 mg Pb/liter during
contact with water, and 7.40 mg Cd/liter during TCLP [the toxicity characterization leaching procedure of the United States
Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA)]. After biological treatment, the leachate from TCLP was within the acceptance criteria
of the US EPA, if the pH of the APCR was increased to pH 5 after the biological treatment. In the case of the Transport Canada
leaching test, a betterment of the process is required in order to satisfy the stringent regulatory level of 0.5 mg Cd/liter
(0.68 and 0.57 mg/liter). 相似文献
654.
Application of coal ash to environmental improvement: Transformation into zeolite, potassium fertilizer, and FGD absorbent 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ryunosuke Kikuchi 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》1999,27(4):430
The rapid increase in population and economic growth have led to an increase in energy demand. Coal reserves are distributed worldwide, and coal is now known to be the most stable and available energy source. However, utilization of coal as an energy source involves the generation of a great amount of coal ash, and the recycling rate of the ash is rather low. Coal ash is mainly used in civil construction materials, and there is a limit to the demand for coal ash by construction industries: therefore, the increasing amount of coal ash will be a serious problem in the near future. Different applications should be considered. In this paper, three environmentally-friendly methods for coal ash recycling are described. Firstly, alkali treatment can transform coal ash to zeolite, which is used in deodorant and for wastewater treatment and soil improvement. Secondly, potassium silicate fertilizer is produced from coal ash and has a higher retentivity in the soil than that of conventional fertilizers. Thirdly, emission of sulfur dioxide is controlled by flue gas desulfurization using coal ash. It is considered that environmentally-friendly use of coal ash is important from the viewpoints of energy, economy, and environmental strategy in order to realize the concept of sustainable development. 相似文献
655.
PCBs contributions to the total TEQ released from Korean municipal and industrial waste incinerators 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Non-ortho and mono-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in the stack gases and the fly-ash from nine Korean municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs). Soil samples collected near MSWI and industrial waste incinerator (IWI) sites were also examined for PCBs. The PCBs levels in the stack gas samples ranged between 0.0046 and 12.0 TEQ-ng/Nm3. The PCB homologue profiles were distinct for the stack gas samples and different from the fly-ash. PCBs levels in soil samples collected near MSWIs and IWI ranged between 0.86 and 19.73 TEQ-ng/g with background levels of 0.17 TEQ-ng/g. The lower chlorination PCBs were dominant in the soil samples. The stack emission PCBs homologue patterns were compared to those detected in the soil samples. The findings suggest that localized point sources as well air mass movement contribute to the deposition of PCBs onto soil. 相似文献
656.
657.
Although the reuse of bottom ash has been favored gradually, reflected on regulations and researches, the associated risk is still an issue of great concern. This study quantified the health risks from multimedia transport and multi-pathway exposure to the concerned chemicals as a result of reusing bottom ash in road paving with consideration of various application scenarios. In particular, the using duration of the pavement was taken into consideration because movement of chemicals in the soils and groundwater would affect the subsequent exposure and risk. By using soil and groundwater transport modeling linked to food chain exposure assessment and incorporating the Monte Carlo method, the study identified Cr as the crucial toxicant and ingestion of drinking water and vegetables as the key exposure pathways. Furthermore, control of the using duration of road pavement is an essential factor of management and regulations to minimize the leaching of the hazardous constituents into the groundwater and subsequent contamination of food chain. 相似文献
658.
Lopareva-Pohu A Verdin A Garçon G Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui A Pourrut B Debiane D Waterlot C Laruelle F Bidar G Douay F Shirali P 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(6):1721-1729
Due to anthropogenic activities, large extends of soils are highly contaminated by Metal Trace Element (MTE). Aided phytostabilisation aims to establish a vegetation cover in order to promote in situ immobilisation of trace elements by combining the use of metal-tolerant plants and inexpensive mineral or organic soil amendments. Eight years after Coal Fly Ash (CFA) soil amendment, MTE bioavailability and uptake by two plants, Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens, were evaluated, as some biological markers reflecting physiological stress. Results showed that the two plant species under study were suitable to reduce the mobility and the availability of these elements. Moreover, the plant growth was better on CFA amended MTE-contaminated soils, and the plant sensitivity to MTE-induced physiological stress, as studied through photosynthetic pigment contents and oxidative damage was lower or similar. In conclusion, these results supported the usefulness of aided phytostabilisation of MTE-highly contaminated soils. 相似文献
659.
改性粉煤灰与过氧化氢联合作用深度处理皂素生产废水的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用改性粉煤灰与过氧化氢(H2O2)联合的方法对二次处理过的皂素生产废水进行深度处理,研究了pH、改性粉煤灰投加量、H2O2投加量、反应时间对皂素生产废水脱色率和COD去除率的影响,分析了其作用机制.结果表明,试验最佳条件为:pH=6、反应时间60 min、改性粉煤灰投加量10 g/L、H2O2投加量4 mL/L.在最... 相似文献
660.
In this paper, black rice husk ashes (BRHAs), which are agrowastes from an electricity generating power plant and a rice mill, were ground and used as a partial cement replacement. The durability of mortars under sulfate attack including expansion and compressive strength loss were investigated. For parametric study, BRHA were used as a Portland cement Type 1 replacement at the levels of 0%, 10%, 30%, and 50% by weight of binder. The water-to-binder ratios were 0.55 and 0.65. For the durability of mortar exposed to sulfate attack, 5% sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) solutions were used. As a result, when increasing the percentage replacement of BRHA, the expansion and compressive strength loss of mortar decreased. At the replacement levels of 30% and 50% of BRHA, the expansion of the mortars was less than those mixed with sulfate-resistant cement. However, the expansion of the mortars exposed to Na2SO4 was more than those exposed to MgSO4. Increasing the replacement level of BRHA tends to reduce the compressive strength loss of mortars exposed to Na2SO4 attack. In contrary, under MgSO4 attack, when increasing the replacement level of BRHA, the compressive strength loss increases from 0% to 50% in comparison to Portland cement mortar. Results show that ground BRHA can be applied as a pozzolanic material to concrete and also improve resistance to sodium sulfate attack, but it can impair resistance to magnesium sulfate attack. 相似文献