防治煤矿火灾的凝胶泡沫材料制备及其性能研究*

为解决纯水玻璃（WG）凝胶泡沫强度低、泡沫稳定性差易破碎,凝胶固水性差等问题。将保水剂和成膜剂引入WG凝胶泡沫中,对水玻璃凝胶泡沫进行优化设计,最终制备出保水性高、泡沫稳定性高、成膜性好的WG凝胶泡沫。研究结果表明:WG凝胶泡沫材料的最佳复配体系是发泡剂为十二烷基醇醚硫酸酯钠（AES）和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)按1∶2比例复配,浓度为0.8%,胶凝剂WG浓度为8%,交联剂NaHCO3浓度为2%,聚丙烯酰胺浓度为0.4%,成膜剂A浓度为1%,保水剂B浓度为0.3%;改性后WG凝胶泡沫具有更加紧密的网状结构,稳定性好,并且具有较好的成膜性,常温下半衰期达40 d;阻化实验表明,100 ℃此凝胶泡沫阻化率高达78.35%,能有效减缓煤的氧化放热速率抑制自燃;煤堆燃烧实验表明,改性后WG凝胶泡沫能有效抑制煤的燃烧,防止煤复燃。     

罐壁式泡沫系统扑救密封圈火灾试验研究

针对大型浮顶罐罐壁式泡沫灭火系统的特点及不足,依据相关规范要求设计了30m长的密封圈火灾模拟试验油槽,开展了3％型水成膜泡沫液和6％型氟蛋白泡沫液灭火试验。现场测定了泡沫的发泡倍数和析液时间,符合规范要求但略低于检测值。试验过程测定了泡沫在泡沫堰板内的流动速度和燃烧油面的蔓延速度,观察了不同的泡沫液和泡沫混合液供给强度下的油槽火灭火状况,对比分析了油槽火周邻的温度和热流分布。在此基础上,评估分析了罐壁式泡沫系统扑救密封圈火灾的有效性。试验结果表明：有效的泡沫混合液供给强度下,3％型水成膜泡沫和6％型氟蛋白泡沫可控密封圈火灾,甚至灭火;泡沫类型和泡沫混合液供给强度对油槽火全淹没时间的影响较大。该试验对大型浮顶罐低液位密封圈火灾扑救具有积极的指导意义和工程应用价值。     

Experimental study on oxidative decomposition of nitrobenzene in aqueous solution by honeycomb ceramic-catalyzed ozonation

The ozonation of nitrobenzene in aqueous solution was carried out in a semi-batch reactor to investigate the degradation efficiency, the effect factors, and the reaction mechanism, where honeycomb ceramic was used as a catalyst. The presence of honeycomb ceramic could improve the degradation rate of nitrobenzene by 15.46% compared to the results of ozonation alone. Under the conditions of this experiment, the degradation rate of honeycomb ceramic-catalyzed ozonation increased by 12.94% with the increase of the amount of catalyst from 1 to 5 blocks. The degradation rates all increased greatly with the increase of temperature and pH of the solution in the processes of honeycomb ceramiccatalyzed ozonation and ozonation alone. But, when the pH of the solution increased to 9.50, the advantage of the honeycomb ceramic-catalyzed ozonation process would be lost. The experimental findings indicated that in the processes of ozonation alone and honeycomb ceramic-catalyzed ozonation, nitrobenzene was primarily oxidized by ·OH free radical in aqueous solution. The adsorption of nitrobenzene was too limited to have an important influence on the degradation rate of nitrobenzene. With the same total dosage of applied ozone, the multiple step addition of ozone showed much higher removal efficiency than that obtained by one step in the two processes.     

含钴基金属有机框架硅橡胶泡沫阻燃特性研究*

为提高硅橡胶泡沫（SiFs）的阻燃性能,采用溶剂法制备钴基金属有机框架材料（Co-MOFs）并用X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）对其结构进行表征。将制备的材料添加到SiFs中,利用极限氧指数（LOI）、UL-94试验和锥形量热仪（CONE）对SiFs的阻燃性能和抑烟性能进行研究。结果表明:添加1%及以上Co-MOFs时,SiFs阻燃等级达到UL-94-V0级;添加3%Co-MOFs时,SiFs的LOI达30.2%,热释放速率峰值（PHRR）和总热释放量（THR）相比原样分别降低了56.92%和66.73%;添加1%Co-MOFs的SiFs的产烟率峰值（PSPR）和产烟量（TSR）比原样分别降低了82%和85%,Co-MOFs提高了SiFs的阻燃和抑烟性能。     

温度对ANAMMOX生物膜工艺的脱氮影响与菌群结构分析

针对厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonium oxidation,ANAMMOX)工艺常低温运行问题,分别采用无纺布与改性聚氨酯泡沫塑料填料序批式生物膜反应器(sequence batch biofilm reactor,SBBR)处理含氮污水,考察了从35℃降至15℃过程的脱氮效果.结果表明,在进水氮容积负荷...     

含预制缺陷PLA蜂窝加筋结构承载力分析

目的 分析不同加筋构型及预制缺陷形式对蜂窝加筋结构抗弯承载能力的影响。方法 以热塑性PLA为基材,通过增材制造技术,制备含预制缺陷蜂窝加筋结构试件,考虑缺陷的长度、数量、深度、方向等因素,采用三点弯曲实验方式,并结合有限元仿真结果进行综合分析。结果 实验得到了结构的位移-荷载关系及破坏情况。线弹性变形阶段,实验与仿真拟合良好,该阶段内,六边构型PLA蜂窝加筋曲板结构承载能力整体优于正六边结构,但后者在后屈曲阶段的残余承载能力更好,且更不易发生断裂。相较于缺陷长度,缺陷深度和缺损肋壁数量对结构承载力的影响更为显著。缺陷方向越趋近宽度方向,结构承载能力越低。结论 实际工程中,应尽可能避免结构中间承载位置处横向加筋肋壁出现缺损,并充分利用正六边与内六边构型蜂窝加筋结构各自的承载优点。     

对加筋土结构在某边坡工程中应用的评价

结合工程地质勘查结果,对某电厂工程原来的加筋土结构设计方案进行了评价。通过分析,认为原设计没有考虑到地表含砾粉质粘土层的影响,不仅地基承载力不够,而且整个加筋土结构从深部滑出的安全性也未能满足工程要求,说明原设计方案需要进行修改,以保证工程的安全性。在评价的过程中,提出了一些在加筋土结构设计中需要注意的问题,强调了了解和掌握场地的工程地质条件对于设计的重要性,这些都为加筋土结构在工程中的应用提供了参考。     

冶炼厂SO2软锰矿湿法脱硫研究

用自制的还原软锰矿作湿式净化ＳＯ２的吸收剂,在某冶炼厂用泡沫吸收塔进行了还原软锰矿湿法脱硫生产ＭｎＳＯ４Ｈ２Ｏ的现场扩大试验,研究了软锰矿还原的最佳实验室条件及ＳＯ２吸收的最佳扩大试验条件,用吸收液１次结晶得到纯度为９５％的ＭｎＳＯ４Ｈ２Ｏ产品     

含甲醛毒性废水电-Fenton试剂氧化技术研究

研究了以活性炭粒子为填充电极的填充床式电-Fenton反应装置处理自配甲醛毒性有机废水时各影响因子的作用机制,通过正交实验和单因素实验确定了各影响因子的最佳操作条件为:反应时间90min,反应体系pH值＜3.5,涂膜炭填充比例40%,电压25V,Fe²⁺+浓度300mg/L,反应温度30℃～40℃结合氧化产物的紫外光谱分析,提出甲醛电-Fenton氧化反应机理利用电-Fenton试剂氧化法对实际洗胶废水进行连续处理,甲醛及COD_Cr的去除率分别在90%及30%左右,运行费用较Fenton试剂法降低42.3%.     

Macroporous Ni foam-supported Co3O4 nanobrush and nanomace hybrid arrays for high-efficiency CO oxidation

Herein, we reported the synthesis of well-defined Co_3O_4 nanoarrays(NAs) supported on a monolithic three-dimensional macroporous nickel(Ni) foam substrate for use in highefficiency CO oxidation. The monolithic Co_3O_4 NAs catalysts were obtained through a generic hydrothermal synthesis route with subsequent calcination. By controlling the reaction time,solvent polarity and deposition agent, these Co_3O_4 NAs catalysts exhibited various novel morphologies(single or hybrid arrays), whose physicochemical properties were further characterized by using several analytical techniques. Based on the catalytic and characterization analyses, it was found that the Co_3O_4 NAs-6 catalyst with nanobrush and nanomace arrays displayed enhanced catalytic activity for CO oxidation, achieving an efficient 100% CO oxidation conversion at a gas hourly space velocity(GHSV) 10,000 hr~(-1) and 150°C with longterm stability. Compared with the other Co_3O_4 NAs catalysts, it had the highest abundance of surface-adsorbed oxygen species, excellent low-temperature reducibility and was rich in surface-active sites(Co~(3+)/Co~(2+)= 1.26).