中国厨余垃圾处理技术及资源化方案选择

介绍了中国厨余垃圾的产量及特征,分析了厨余垃圾粉碎直排、填埋、焚烧、饲料、昆虫养殖、堆肥、转换能源和高值化利用处理技术的现状及优缺点,表明厨余垃圾资源化处理是未来的发展趋势,其中饲料化应是未来值得提倡的资源化技术之一.此外,对比了厌氧消化和好氧堆肥两大主流资源化模式的特点,厌氧消化和好氧堆肥分别适用于集中大规模处理和分...     

工业园区产业规划循环经济模式分析与改进研究——以银川望远工业园区开展循环经济模式为例

循环经济是实现工业园区可持续发展的最佳模式,概述了循环经济理论和工业园区开展循环经济的最佳模式—生态工业园的概念,结合银川望远工业园区循环经济实施方案,对方案进行了分析和论证,并提出该工业园区建设生态工业园的进一步循环经济模式。     

不同来源污泥接种餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产氢效果研究

在相同接种配比(接种污泥占餐厨垃圾的质量分数为30%)条件下,研究了4种不同来源污泥(压滤污泥、厌氧污泥、曝气污泥和河底淤泥)添加或不添加缓冲剂时对餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产氢效果的影响.结果发现,在不添加缓冲剂时.4种污泥接种餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵平均产氢量依次为厌氧污泥>河底淤泥>压滤污泥>曝气污泥,接种厌氧污泥的餐厨垃圾平均产氢量最高,达10.11mL(以每克挥发性固体(VS)计,下同);而添加缓冲剂时.4种污泥接种餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵平均产氢量依次为厌氧污泥>曝气污泥>压滤污泥>河底淤泥,接种厌氧污泥的餐厨垃圾平均产氢量也最高,为33.72 mL,且体系pH得以缓冲.     

The social context of childcare practices and child malnutrition in Niger's recent food crisis

In 2004–05, Niger suffered a food crisis during which global attention focused on high levels of acute malnutrition among children. In response, decentralised emergency nutrition programmes were introduced into much of southern Niger. Child malnutrition, however, is a chronic problem and its links with food production and household food security are complex. This qualitative, anthropological study investigates pathways by which children are rendered vulnerable in the context of a nutritional 'emergency'. It focuses on household-level decisions that determine resource allocation and childcare practices in order to explain why practices apparently detrimental to children's health persist. Risk aversion, the need to maintain self-identity and status, and constrained decision making result in a failure to invest extra necessary resources ingrowth-faltering children. Understanding and responding to the social context of child malnutrition will help humanitarian workers to integrate their efforts more effectively with longer-term development programmes aimed at improving livelihood security.     

A model for radiological consequences of nuclear power plant operational atmospheric releases

A dynamic dose and risk assessment model is developed to estimate radiological consequences of atmospheric emissions from nuclear power plants. Internal exposure via inhalation and ingestion, external exposure from clouds and radioactivity deposited on the ground are included in the model. The model allows to simulate interregional moves of people and multi-location food supply in the computational domain. Any long-range atmospheric dispersion model which yields radionuclide concentrations in air and on the ground at predetermined time intervals can easily be integrated into the model. The software developed is validated against radionuclide concentrations measured in different environmental media and dose values estimated after the Chernobyl accident. Results obtained using the model compare well with dose estimates and activities measured in foodstuffs and feedstuffs.     

安徽省耕地资源数量变化及其对粮食安全的影响

利用1978年以来30年的耕地资源统计数据,分析了安徽省耕地资源数量变化总体特征,探讨了耕地资源数量变化对粮食安全的影响。其结果表明：（1）耕地资源总量和人均耕地占有量均有呈直线递减趋势,其中耕地资源总量年均减少率为024%,人均耕地面积年均减少率为115%。（2）粮食产量总体呈增加趋〖JP2〗势,但具有较明显波动性,粮食安全仍将面临着很大挑战。（3）粮食总产量与单产水平和复种指数密切相关;而粮食总产量年变化率,则主要受耕地面积和粮食播种面积变化影响。1978年以来,耕地资源数量逐渐成为影响该省粮食产量增加的主要限制因子.     

定型机油烟废气监测分析方法初探

定型机废气污染是当前环境投诉的热点之一,油烟污染是定型机废气的主要问题,我国尚无定型机废气监测分析的标准方法。本文参照《餐饮业油烟排放标准》（试行）（GB 18483-2001）中的方法,比较了餐饮业油烟废气和定型机油烟废气在成分、排放方式等方面的相同点和不同点,从采样方法、采样时间等对定型机油烟废气的监测分析进行了初探,确定了定型机油烟废气竣工验收参考的采样方法和时间等要素。     

农业结构调整对全国粮食安全的影响分析--以粮食主产区为例

基于粮食主产区农业发展及其结构调整中面临的问题分析，指出近5年来导致我国粮食产量持续下降的主要原因在于农业结构调整。大规模的“压粮扩经”趋势若不能有效控制，必将对国家粮食安全带来冲击。对2005-2010年我国粮食需求及粮食主产区占全国粮食产量比重进行测算．提出不同粮食自给率下国家粮食安全对粮食主产区粮食生产的目标要求。粮食主产区具有满足国家粮食安全产量需要的生产潜力。     

全新型生态工业园区的工业共生链网结构研究--新疆石河子国家生态工业(造纸)园区的设计分析

本文以新疆石河子国家生态工业(造纸)园区的设计为例．运用产业生态学理论，深入系统地分析了生态工业园区的系统构成、工业共生关系以及生态工业链网结构．为全新型生态工业园区的设计及其运行提出了切实可行的建议。     

Soil Erosion: A Food and Environmental Threat

Soil erosion is one of the most serious environmental and public health problems facing human society. Humans obtain more than 99.7% of their food (calories) from the land and less than 0.3% from the oceans and other aquatic ecosystems. Each year about 10 million ha of cropland are lost due to soil erosion, thus reducing the cropland available for food production. The loss of cropland is a serious problem because the World Health Organization reports that more than 3.7 billion people are malnourished in the world. Overall soil is being lost from land areas 10 to 40 times faster than the rate of soil renewal imperiling future human food security and environmental quality.