循环经济分析在规划环境影响评价中的应用研究

发展循环经济已经成为完成节能减排任务和开展资源节约型、环境友好型社会建设的重要手段,同时也是规划环境影响评价的重要内容。文章针对目前规划环境影响评价中循环经济分析的主要问题,提出了规划环评中循环经济分析的理论模型、分析重点和技术程序,构建了评价的指标体系,并给出了定性与定量相结合的分析方法。为检验所建立的分析体系的有效性和可行性,将其应用于鄂尔多斯市主导产业与重点区域发展规划环境影响评价中,以此从循环经济的角度对规划的合理性进行评价,对原规划方案进行优化调整,并对规划实施的环境管理提出具体建议。     

From a literature review to a conceptual framework for sustainable supply chain management

Academic and corporate interest in sustainable supply chain management has risen considerably in recent years. This can be seen by the number of papers published and in particular by journal special issues. To establish the field further, the purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it offers a literature review on sustainable supply chain management taking 191 papers published from 1994 to 2007 into account. Second, it offers a conceptual framework to summarize the research in this field comprising three parts. As starting point related triggers are identified. This allows putting forward two distinct strategies: (1) supplier management for risks and performance, and (2) supply chain management for sustainable products. It is evident that research is still dominated by green/environmental issues. Social aspects and also the integration of the three dimensions of sustainability are still rare.Both practitioners in companies and academics might find the review useful, as it outlines major lines of research in the field. Further, it discusses specific features of sustainable supply chains as well as limitations of existing research; this should stimulate further research.     

An exploration of measures of social sustainability and their application to supply chain decisions

Sustainability recognizes the interdependence of ecological, social, and economic systems – the three pillars of sustainability. The definition of corporate social responsibility (CSR) often advocates ethical behavior with respect to these systems. As more corporations commit to sustainability and CSR policies, there is increasing pressure to consider social impacts throughout the supply chain. This paper reviews metrics, indicators, and frameworks of social impacts and initiatives relative to their ability to evaluate the social sustainability of supply chains. Then, the relationship between business decision-making and social sustainability is explored with attention initially focused on directly impacting national level measures. A general strategy for considering measures of social sustainability is proposed, and a variety of indicators of CSR are described. Several of these indicators are then employed in an example to demonstrate how they may be applied to supply chain decision-making.     

Experiences with greening suppliers. The Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

This paper explains the strategy and procedures followed by the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) to spread green purchasing practices throughout its administration and supply chain, highlighting the identified barriers against their implementation and monitoring, and showing the actions carried out to overcome them. The university's green supply chain management has been analysed in five selected case studies: office material, recycled toner cartridges, fair trade coffee, reusable glass bottles and catering services. These cover the wide range of purchasing patterns currently taking place at UAB taking into account both the acquisition model (directly or indirectly through contracted firms) and the supply chain management perspective (linear or loop). A comparison of the different cases is carried out and some general rules are created that should be investigated further.     

A recursive ecological indicator system for the supply chain of a company

This paper proposes the concept of cumulative eco-intensity with which environmental or sustainability indicators are related to the added value of economic activities. The intensities are passed on recursively from supplier to supplier and thus make it possible to include upstream and downstream effects along the supply and waste disposal chain. The process is applied to whole companies and (by contrast with LCA) not to individual products. At comparatively low expenditure for the individual companies, it allows vertical comparisons along the value-adding chain and horizontal comparisons among companies or production locations. This provides a decision-making aid for a company seeking to fulfil its ecological or sustainability responsibility in the entire production and supply chains.     

稳定同位素技术在河岸带功能研究中的应用

简要概述稳定同位素技术在生态学的应用领域,通过对河岸带反硝化作用限制因素、效率以及机理的回顾,体现稳定同位素技术应用的优势。重点阐述该技术在研究河岸带功能实现机理、分析河岸带生态系统物质来源和时空迁移转化规律以及研究河岸带与外界环境物质联系,生态系统食物网络组成及营养级关系中的应用,指出其能够科学反映物质空间变化和时间累积效应的特点。稳定同位素技术与传统地球化学技术的结合对国内河岸带功能研究以及生态河岸带建设具有重大的实际应用价值。     

鞍山市精细化工循环经济产业链的构建

通过调查鞍山市化工行业的发展现状和市场前景,分析化工行业存在的主要问题,提出化工行业循环经济建设的对策和措施。     

餐厨垃圾管理和处理方法探析

文章一方面介绍了餐厨垃圾的产生、管理及处理现状,简述了餐厨垃圾资源化方式和各自的优缺点;另一方面剖析了餐厨垃圾处理难的原因,进而探讨了餐厨垃圾规范处理的对策措施。     

含水率对生活垃圾甲烷化过程的影响

采用批式实验,通过分析产气量和气、液相组成的变化,比较了含水率分别在35%、65%～70%（田间持水率）、 80%和>95%（饱和含水率）的条件下,不同食物类废物和纤维素类废物含量的典型法国生活垃圾和中国生活垃圾以及纤维素类废物厌氧产甲烷过程的差异.结果表明,对于含易腐有机物的生活垃圾,提高含水率能够削弱VFA等中间产物对水解酸化和甲烷化的抑制作用：典型法国生活垃圾大量产甲烷所需的含水率不应低于80%,而有机物含量更高的典型中国生活垃圾直至含水率达到96%时,反应体系内快速产甲烷过程才能得以进行;同时,提高生活垃圾的含水率也有利于加速其厌氧产甲烷过程和提高甲烷的最终产量,含水率>95%的法国生活垃圾反应体系的最终甲烷产量是含水率为80%时产量的1.6倍.而对于纤维素类废物,提高含水率则能改善水分在水解和酸化过程中的可获得性,从而增大甲烷化的底物可获得量,含水率>95%的纤维素类废物反应体系的甲烷最终产量是含水率为65%时产量的3.8倍.     

P450酶系对污染物的生物指示和催化降解机制

细胞色素P450酶系是广泛存在于不同生物体内的含有多种超家族CYP450血红素蛋白或相同结构域的一系列酶,是多组分电子传递链的终端氧化还原酶。最新研究发现,利用P450在生物体内的含量/活性与污染物浓度的定量响应关系可实现环境污染的早期预警和诊断,对环境污染的监测和预报具有重要意义。更重要的是,P450酶系被认为是生物对内源或外生污染物代谢途径的启动催化因子。P450的脱卤化、羧基化、脱烷基化、环氧化等催化作用在诱导污染物的分解代谢过程中起核心作用。本文综述了P450酶系的结构、催化过程和诱导抑制机理,分析了其在环境污染物的生物指示和催化降解中的应用进展,以便为利用P450进行环境预警和生物修复提供系统的理论和技术支持。