建立环保产业价值链解决资金瓶颈问题

介绍为解决我国环保产业发展中的资金瓶颈问题，需要建立和完善融资服务→建设服务→运营服务的环保产业的价值链，以解决资金瓶颈问题，促进环保产业的发展。     

Three Egyptian industrial wastewater management programmes

A pre-treatment programme for wastewater from factories, representing three main industrial sectors in Egypt, has been developed. The first case study was a factory producing potato-chips. Wastewater discharged from this factory was characterized by high values of BOD, SS and oil and grease (6000 mgO₂ l^–1, 6577 mg l^–1 and 119 mg l^–1 respectively). Chemical treatment using lime and lime aided by polyelectrolyte achieved good results. Residual values of BOD and SS after treatment were 97 mg l^–1 and 49 mg l^–1, respectively. Oil and grease concentrations were reduced by 91 percent. Treatment via activated sludge at a detention time of 4 hrs produced good quality effluent. The second case study was an automobile company, representing the metal finishing industry. Analyses of wastewater samples from the degreasing, phosphating and painting departments, as well as the end-of-pipe effluent were conducted. The end-of-pipe effluent contained high concentrations of oil and grease (366 mg l^–1), phosphorous (111 mg l^–1) and zinc (81 mg l^–1). Chemical treatment of end-of-pipe wastewater using ferric chloride aided by lime, produced high quality effluent. The third sector was the chemical industry. For this purpose a paint factory was selected. Characteristics of raw wastewater varied widely according to the production rate. Average values of COD and BOD were 1950 mg l^–1 and 683 mg l^–1. Oil and grease ranged from 63 to 1624 mg l^–1. Chemical treatment using ferric chloride in combination with lime at the optimum operating conditions achieved good results. Residual values after treatment of COD, BOD and oil and grease reached 120, 36 and 8.6 mg l^–1, respectively. An engineering design for each case study has been prepared.     

The Homiletics of Risk

Today there is considerable disagreement between the US and the EU with respect to food safety standards. Issues include GMOs, beef hormones, unpasteurized cheese, etc. In general, it is usually asserted that Europeans argue for the precautionary principle (with exceptions such as the Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement where ``substantial equivalence,' a form of familiarity, is used) while Americans defend risk analysis or what is sometimes described as the familiarityprinciple. This is not to suggest that EUmember countries agree on how the precautionaryprinciple should be applied; considerabledifferences exist among nations as will benoted below.In this paper I review both positionsarguing that they are best understood asvariants of the homiletics of risk rather thanas differing scientific positions. I concludethat while science must necessarily enter intothe formulation of food and agriculturalstandards, state policy, private economicinterests, and the interface between the two(e.g., when democratic states are successfullylobbied to support particular privateinterests), play important roles in determininghow particular risks will be treated. Moreover,I argue that the role of science mustnecessarily be limited if its credibility is tobe preserved.     

Human actions, the survival of keystone species, and the resilience of ecological–economic systems

Human (managerial) actions affect the survival probabilities of the keystone species of an ecological–economic system. In turn, the well-being of these keystone species translates into the well-being or the resilience of the underlying ecological–economic system. What are the theoretical connections between human actions, keystone species survival, and the resilience of ecological–economic systems? In this note, we construct a simple stochastic model to draw out the links between this trinity.     

发展中国有机食品产业

本文根据有机食品的概念，中国有机食品发展现状，论述了发展有机食品是时代进步的要求，中国应发展有机食品产业。     

论土壤侵蚀对山地致灾因子链的复合效应——以湖南四水流域中上游地区为例

土壤水力侵蚀兼重力侵蚀是本研究区的主要土壤侵蚀类型。通过对水力、重力侵蚀以及它们交替、复合侵蚀过程的分析表明:(1)土壤水力、重力侵蚀的直接表现形式即面蚀、沟浊、滑坡、崩塌、泥石流等侵蚀形态,对山区社会经济及资源环境具有不同程度的破坏能力,故称之为山地致灾因子;(2)水力侵蚀与重力侵蚀在时间上的交替混合,在空间上的复合叠加,既增强了诸种致灾因子自身的致灾能力,又助长了致灾因子彼此间的诱发或转化作用,进而形成与发展了山地致灾因子链;(3)土壤侵蚀是一综合性的山地致灾因子系列,各类致灾因子链对承灾体的连续性破坏,导致社会经济损失累积值增大。     

江西省自然灾害链实例分析及综合减灾对策

通过对2002年江西省自然灾害进行综合实例分析,提出了大部分自然灾害是以气候变化和气象灾害为始发源头,并以灾害链形式演变发展的成灾规律,在此基础上探讨了自然灾害的成灾机制,并提出了综合防灾减灾对策.     

环保产业的整合之路

本文通过对环保产业发展现状的论述，提出环保产业整合的思路和途径。     

大熊猫主食竹种秆龄鉴定及种群动态评估

四川西南部和西北部中山、亚高山森森下，竹源丰富，其中：拐棍竹和冷箭竹是大熊猫的主食竹种，作者１９８２－１９８７年进行竹类生态研究；通过固定样方观察和带标志茎秆记录分析，发现竹杆和笋箨的颜色，以及主枝叶鞘与枝节数的变化和竹子秆龄的增长密切相关，可以作为鉴定竹秆年龄的依据。根据竹子的秆龄结构，应用负指数函数模型，可以估算竹子种群的增长量和死亡率，评估竹子的种群动态变化，可为主管部门制定保护大熊猫规划规