Residue behavior of etoxazole under field conditions in Egypt and estimation of processing factors during the production of strawberry juice and purée

Abstract

The degradation under field conditions and the residue behavior of etoxazole during juicing and purée making was evaluated. Etoxazole residues were determined by HPLC-UV at six different Pre Harvest Intervals (PHIs) as to estimate the degradation of residue in fruits. Samples with significant residues were processed and residue were determined after juicing and purée making. The effect of washing was also estimated. Processing Factors (PFs) for etoxazole after each step were less than 1 and the PFs of the overall processes were lower than 0.85 for washing fruits, 0.13 for juice and 0.04 for purée. The studied processes could obviously reduce the pesticide residues that are present in the raw strawberries. Uncertainties in the use of the PFs were identified due to the potential formation of metabolites during the processes.     

Climate change and the Western Himalayan community: Exploring the local perspective through food choices

The local belief systems are crucial for climate change adaptation. Even climate experts are unanimous about the fundamental association between local beliefs and climate change adaptation strategies. However, the local perspective is missing from the significant policy dialog platforms. The local beliefs can potentially serve as both objective and psychological refuge for local societies during climate-related emergencies. Similarly, only limited studies have acknowledged the significance of local food choices, providing a model for global responses to climate change. The objective of the study is (i) to explore the local community’s insights and awareness of climate change and (ii) to assess the impact on local food choices affecting their food security in the face of climate change in the Western Himalayan Region, India. The study is based on 210 in-depth household interviews and surveys in 10 villages of Uttarakhand, India. The exploratory factor and thematic analysis results highlight the significance of local perception of climatic variabilities, food choices, and beliefs in climate change adaptation policies. Hence, the current study’s outcomes emphasize on the integration and promotion of both scientific methods and local knowledge for inclusive climate change adaptation and food security policies in the Himalayan Region.     

降低矿井主扇能耗及其对策

系统地论述了降低矿井主扇能耗的诸措施，并对各种措施进行理论上的分析与探讨，提出了矿井内部采取局部风流循环可降低矿井的总能量。对老矿井，开采深度大、多水平开采的矿井，采用局部风流循环，其优越性更为突出。     

煤矿安全投入和安全成本的界定

安全投入不足是煤矿安全事故频发的主要原因之一。目前,安全投入与安全成本的概念存在着严重的模糊性。为此,笔者重新给出了安全成本的定义:在基准的安全标准下,发生的与安全有关的费用总和,包括安全投入和事故损失两部分。为了进一步明确安全成本与生产成本间的界限,还提出了从采矿方法、地质采矿技术条件、生产工艺环节等3个方面对安全成本与生产成本间的界限进行界定,以及对事故损失按照可列的直接经济损失、隐含的直接经济损失、可列的间接经济损失和隐含的间接经济损失等4个层次分别进行计量的建议。最后提出了发展煤炭科技、严格煤矿设计审查制度、制定煤矿安全成本统计标准、变革煤矿税费体系等应对措施。     

食品安全环境下的肉类食品可追溯系统的构建

食品安全问题已成为全球共同关注的问题,为了加强食品安全管理,许多国家正在研究和实施食品可追溯系统。随着社会对食品安全的关注,人民生活质量的不断提高,我国食品安全问题及面临的形势十分严峻,必须加快构建可追溯系统来保障肉类食品安全。笔者在综述肉类食品可追溯系统的基础上,分析和研究适合国情的可追溯系统所需的技术,并对可追溯信息系统进行需求分析,进而建立可追溯信息系统的功能模型,指出了可追溯系统的发展方向和趋势,讨论了可能存在的问题并给出了建议,为实施可追溯系统提供参考。     

基于博弈论的地铁车站恐怖袭击风险定量研究

近年来发生的几起地铁重大恐怖袭击事件引起了各国政府、媒体和公众的广泛关注.地铁车站恐怖袭击可以看作博弈双方即袭击者和防御者之间的零和博弈.本文以某地铁线路上的22个车站为例,应用目标损失概率模型定量分析了恐怖袭击风险,通过防御资源变化得到了不同的目标损失概率.研究结果可以为地铁车站防御资源优化配置、防恐反恐预案编制等提供量化依据.     

上海郊区稻田氮素流失研究

通过测坑和大田小区试验，研究了上海郊区稻田氮素排水流失和渗漏流失的特征、相关因素和流失负荷。结果表明，稻田综合排水TN为6.55mg／L，流失负荷为16．68kg／hm^2，以铵态氮为主，稻田氮素的排水流失负荷为16．68kg／hm^2。稻田渗漏水氮浓度与前茬作物有关，草莓和蔬菜高，麦茬低，TN为5．73mg／L，渗漏负荷为22．92kg／hm^2，其中硝态氮占50％左右。稻田氮素总流失负荷占稻季化肥用量的13．23％。测坑和大田试验都证明，施用有机肥可较多地减少稻田氮素流失量。     

超小型液体旋流分离器的研究

这是用超小型液体旋流分离器从水中分离固体粒子的性能实验。在旋流分离器下向流排出口内插入一个圆锥流量调节器。实验中使用的固体粒子为玻璃球 ,平均粒子径为 4 84 μm。通过实验发现了装有圆锥流量调节器旋流分离器有较好的性能 ,与普通型的相比 ,其压力损失约减少 7% ,分离效率增加 10 %。     

餐厨垃圾废水制备液态固氮菌肥

探讨餐厨垃圾废水用作发酵基质生产液态褐球固氮菌肥的可行性。结果表明,餐厨垃圾废水培养的褐球固氮菌在第4~5天活菌数达到最大（Ⅰ类废水3.0×1012 CFU·mL-1,Ⅱ类废水3.3×1012 CFU·mL-1）,餐厨垃圾湿热处理对褐球固氮菌生长的促进作用十分有限。废水的pH和盐分对褐球固氮菌的生长代谢影响极为显著：Ⅰ类废水褐球固氮菌生长的最佳pH为7,Ⅱ类废水最佳pH为7.5,其他pH将对褐球固氮菌的生长代谢活性造成不同程度的抑制;随着NaCl含量的增加,固氮菌活菌数先升高后快速降低,最利于菌种培养的NaCl浓度为3 g·L-1。温度、摇床转速和接种量对菌株培养的影响不显著,正交实验确定的较优培养条件为pH=7、T=28℃、转速150 r·min-1、接种量2%（体积分数）。餐厨垃圾废水制备的固氮菌肥可提高土壤总氮水平（线性相关性R2=0.979）,施用0.025‰~2.5‰质量比例固氮菌剂的土壤生长的黄豆苗干重可达到按照5‰质量比例施加无机复合肥生长的黄豆苗的55.2%~67.2%。     

稀土元素日允许摄入限量的差异与农用安全性讨论

比较不同时期提出的稀土元素日允许摄入量(AD I)的差异性发现,随着研究的深入,近期提出的AD I值明显低于早期的AD I值,反映了人们对稀土元素毒性效应有了进一步的认识。根据农产品中稀土元素残留量及其可通过食物链为人们所摄入的现状,分析了稀土农用、稀土厂“三废”对生态环境的污染影响以及潜在的食品安全性问题。