污水处理过程中曝气方式对挥发性有机物排放量影响研究

针对污水处理厂逸散挥发性有机物(VOCs)加重城市雾霾的环境问题,实验研究了污水生化处理中不同曝气强度、曝气方式对VOCs排放量的影响.研究表明:在SBR处理工艺中,曝气阶段产生VOCs占全过程排放总量的88.34%,曝气强度、曝气方式是影响VOCs排放量的主要因素;在均匀曝气条件下,不同时刻VOCs逸散浓度先急剧上升,在4~6 min达到峰值,然后呈下降趋势,约50~60 min后趋于稳定;不同曝气强度条件下,VOCs产生量与曝气强度正相关,当曝气强度在175 m L·min~(-1)时,既满足出水污染物去除效果,又能使VOCs的排放量最少;在渐减曝气方式中,采用曝气强度分别为200、175、150、125 m L·min~(-1),持续1 h递减的四阶段运行方式和同一曝气强度(175 m L·min~(-1))均匀曝气相比,前者的VOCs总排放量减少了19.51%,曝气量减少了7.14%,说明现有污水处理厂通过优化曝气方式可明显减少VOCs排放.     

三峡库区水库水质Streeter Phelps模型修正及COD变化规律的新探讨

水体复氧规律的研究对于预测和评价水中溶解氧含量, 确定有机污染水体的自净过程具有重要意义。天然水体中溶解氧的多少是评价水环境质量优劣的一项非常重要的指标, 是水质预测的一个重要任务。Streeter Phelps模型是目前进行河流水质研究常用的物理模型，具有良好的理论和实用价值，然而在某些特定水域，该模型的应用受到限制，主要原因是复氧系数的取定多在水流速度较大情况下得到的，而未考虑水面波动对复氧系数的影响，另外，在实际研究过程中发现三峡库区COD变化的规律出现异常：在离排污口相当远的水域，COD随时间变化趋势并不是指数衰减，而是在某个常值附近微小摆动，以往很多修正过的Streeter Phelps模型都无法解释这个现象。经研究表明：考虑波动效应后，对复氧系数进行修正能得到较好的模型计算结果；同时，COD变化规律不仅可以弄清楚，而且可以为进一步研究排污规律和泥沙运动提供科学依据。     

高水分蔬菜和花卉废物序批式进料联合堆肥的中试

以滇池流域典型蔬菜废物(西芹、白菜)和花卉废物(石竹)为原料,进行了序批式联合堆肥的试验研究.以西芹和石竹作为初始物料,控制初始混合物料的含水率在60%～70%,每隔4d添加一次白菜;采用温度反馈通气量控制的好氧静态堆肥技术,在堆体温度40℃左右时停止通风.试验分析了堆肥过程中堆体温度、通风速率、水分、pH值、有机质、灰分、体积、NH₄⁺-N,NO₃^--N等指标随时间的变化特征.结果表明:采用序批式进料、温度反馈通气量控制的静态好氧堆肥技术进行蔬菜和花卉废物联合堆肥可以有效控制堆肥过程,实现有机物料的快速稳定和去除水分,解决了滇池流域蔬菜废物量远大于花卉废物量时堆肥难以有效进行的技术难题.     

Effect of acetate and propionate on the production and characterization of soluble microbial products (SMP) in aerobic granular sludge system

It is well known that soluble microbial products (SMP) derived from biological systems found in wastewater treatment plant effluent are responsible for chemical oxygen demand (COD). Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is recognized as an efficient and innovative approach for wastewater treatment. Acetate and propionate as two dominant organic substances in wastewater need to be effectively removed before discharge. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acetate and propionate to interfere with the accumulation, molecular weight (MW) distribution and composition of SMP in aerobic granular sludge (AGS) system using two identical sequencing batch reactors (SBR) named R1 and R2, respectively, thus reducing the COD. The results demonstrated that more SMP accumulated in R1 in presence of acetate compared to R2 treated with propionate. A positive correlation for SMP formation was detected as evidenced by aeration rates, but a negative correlation with hydraulic retention time (HRT). The MW distribution analysis suggested that small molecules (MW <3?kDa) were the dominant fraction of SMP in R1 and R2, accounting for 57–79% and 39–61%, respectively. In addition, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) demonstrated that esters, alkanes, alkenes and alcohols were the predominant low-MW SMP in R1 and R2. More peaks were present in R2 (61) than R1 (46). Esters were the predominant SMP (39%) in R1, while alkanes were the predominant SMP (31%) in R2. Further, microbial community analysis indicated that more α- and γ-Proteobacteria groups which readily utilize low-MW SMP were found in R2 compared to R1-granules which may have contributed to less SMP accumulated in R2. The abundant genera in the granules were Zoogloea and Azoarcus, in particular, a greater quantity of Azoarcus was detected in R2 than R1-granules, which may be associated with higher degradation of aromatics in SMP.     

DAT-IAT法污水处理工艺理论概述

污水处理SBR的DAT-IAT工艺又称连续间歇曝气序批式活性污泥法污水处理工艺及系统,是SBR工艺继ICEAS、CASS、CAST、IDEA法之后不断完善的一种新工艺.该工艺同时具有SBR工艺与传统活性污泥法工艺的优点,是一种对原水水质水量的变化和不同处理要求都有很强的适应性,而且运行操作又比较简便的新型工艺技术.     

城市污水厂混合污泥好氧消化处理研究

以城市污水处理厂的初沉污泥与剩余污泥的混合污泥为对象,研究了影响污泥好氧消化处理的各项因素.通过测定氧摄取速率(OUR)和此污泥好氧速率(SOUR),对实验结果进行了探讨.     

间歇曝气短程硝化控制新途径的初步试验研究

采用SBR,以间歇曝气的方式控制短程硝化,分别研究了在限制曝气量和不限制曝气量条件下,亚硝酸盐的积累情况.试验表明,间歇曝气可以作为短程硝化的控制条件,在一定条件下,亚硝化率可达到90%以上.限制曝气量时,在低DO情况下,采用间歇曝气控制短程硝化更为有效、经济.     

曝气-两级过滤工艺用于地下水除铁除锰

深圳市平湖华宝（集团）有限公司采用曝气一两级过滤工艺进行地下水除铁除锰的处理，出水的各项指标均达到国家生活饮用水卫生标准（GB5749-85），吨水处理成本为0.31元。该工艺运行稳定，投资运行费用低，具有较好的经济效益。     

空气氧化法处理含SO3^2—废水

本文通过作者在日本研修期间的实验,对无机废水中SO_3~(2-)的空气氧化处理法作了探讨,并提出了几个表达式,供同行参考。这种方法能在较短时间内处理大量废水,而且操作简便,易于推广。     

THE EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL CIRCULATION ON A HYPEREUTROPHIC LAKE1

ABSTRACT: Crystal Lake, a small urban lake in Robbinsdale, MN, had been artificially circulated for 12 years before a detailed water quality evaluation was undertaken. In 1986, the circulation system was shut off for a two-year assessment. Although the lake remained hypereutrophic, the use of the lake, which included shoreline fishing and feeding ducks and geese, did not appear to be seriously impaired by the absence of artificial circulation. The circulation system was returned to service in October 1987 (there are 16 diffusers in this 0.31 km^?2 lake). Continuous limnological data from October 1987 through October 1988, plus several sampling dates in 1989, compares to the two non-circulation years (1986 and 1987) as follows: there was a two- to three-fold increase in the lake's concentration of total phosphorus, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and chlorophyll and a similar decrease in Secchi disk transparency. The surface oxygen concentration was reduced and the deep waters were nearly anoxic. In fact, following a wind storm in 1988, the entire lake became anoxic due to the mixing of high BOD throughout the water column, and a summertime fish-kill resulted. All of these occurrences are related to the artificial circulation of the lake.