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771.
土壤温度上升与森林衰退 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
土壤温度上升可能会引起土壤产生过量的HNO3,而过量的HNO3在酸性土壤中将导致Al(3+)浓度的升高和盐基阳离子的流失,使养分失调,细根坏死。土壤温度上升还可能会改变土壤有机质动力学、土壤水文学和土壤物理学,从而改变森林生境特征,影响森林的正常生长。 相似文献
772.
D. G. Zamolodchikov A. I. Utkin G. N. Korovin O. V. Chestnykh 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2005,36(5):291-301
The state and results of studies on the carbon cycle of forests on lands of the Russian forest fund (total area 1172 × 106 ha) are analyzed at the federal level. Consideration is given to changes in the areas of different categories of forest lands, the age structure of stands, the pool and deposition of carbon in the phytomass, and the organic carbon pool of soils over the period from 1966 to 1998; the dynamics of activity in the forest industry by years and the extent of pyrogenic transformation of the forest cover between 1990 and 2001; and carbon fluxes associated with forest exploitation, including carbon emission resulting from fires. 相似文献
773.
N. K. Mazina 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2005,36(6):427-434
Multivariate factor analysis of the data on liver bioenergetics of mountain and forest voles has been performed. The specific features of tissue energy metabolism are best differentiated in the space of characters pertaining to the succinic acid oxidation system. The role of the dominant oxidation substrate in the structure of energy supply for the adaptation of tissue to a set of environmental factors in specialized and widespread species is discussed. 相似文献
774.
太阳坪位于湖北省神农架林区东部,东径110°40′,北纬31°36′,是林区内极少受人类干扰的森林区。本文简要介绍了全球北亚热带区域生态系统的第一性生产力特征及研究概况后,论述了太阳坪地区内植物区系、植被类型及其动态的特征。并建议在太阳坪设立自然保护区,同时进行长期的生物多样性及生态系统的定位研究。 相似文献
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S. J. Ursic 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1991,27(2):303-315
ABSTRACT: Hydrologic responses to logging with skidders and responses to logging with a cable yarder are compared. After a 23-year calibration with an undisturbed control catchment, mixed stands of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) and hardwoods were clearfelled on two small catchments in the hilly Coastal Plain of north Mississippi and observed for five years. Runoff increased 370 mm (skidded) and 116 mm (yarded) during the first year with 1876 mm of rainfall, and 234 mm (skidded) and 228 mm (yarded) during the second year when 1388 mm of precipitation equaled the calibration mean. Sediment concentrations for the yarded catchment during the first two years averaged 641 and 1,629 mg L?1, respectively, and yields were 6,502 and 12,086 kg ha?1. Compared to calibration means of 74 mg L?1 and 142 kg ha?1, these extreme values can be attributed largely to transport of sediment stored in the channel and to erosion of subsurface flow paths, which was exacerbated by high flow volumes. During the first year, the concentration (231 mg L?1) and yield (2,827 kg ha?1) for the control catchment also exceeded the calibration means. However, concentrations (134 mg L?1) and yields (1,806 kg ha?1) for the skidded catchment were about 40 percent lower than for the control catchment during the first year, and were higher than those for the control only during the second year. Because deep percolation was limited and because rainfall was unusually high, increases in flows and sediment concentrations and yields probably approximate maximum responses to clearcut harvesting in the uplands of the southern Coastal Plain. 相似文献
779.
R. K. Wharton 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》1990,3(4):349-354
The medium scale test method currently operated by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) as a means of assessing the fire hazard of flammable solids is described. The technique has been applied to a range of materials and the results, although specific to the apparatus, have proved useful in ranking relative fire performance 相似文献
780.
Timo Karjalainen 《Journal of environmental management》1996,47(4):311-328
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of forest management on carbon sequestration in forests and wood products by using a gap-type forest model interfaced with a wood product model. The assessment is based on total carbon sequestration, i.e. the amount of carbon left in vegetation, litter, soil organic matter and products when the flows of carbon back to the atmosphere have been subtracted. Thirty mixed-species stands, representing medium fertility sites in southern Finland, were included in each simulation for 300 years under current climatic conditions and predicted conditions of changing climate. The average total balance for the first 100 years was higher in the unmanaged system than in the managed system, but for the second and third 100-year periods the results were clearly opposite. Differences in the total balance between the treatments were larger during the first 100 years than over the whole 300-year period. Under conditions of changing climate, differences in carbon sequestration between management options were more pronounced than under current climatic conditions. Under current climatic conditions with the 100-year time frame, the ratio between the total annual balance and annual gross production was 0·208–0·289. Over the whole 300 years, however, efficiency was much lower, 0·088–0·121. Under changing climatic conditions, efficiency was also lower, 0·182–0·252 and 0·081–0·096, respectively. Different management alternatives clearly produced different amounts of timber for the production process; under conditions of changing climate, timber production was substantially enhanced. However, total carbon storages at the end of the simulation varied less than timber production. In the managed system, the flow back into the atmosphere was largest from litter, 41–51% of the total outflow, the flow from vegetation was 23–28%, from soil organic matter 22–25%, emissions from products 1–7%, and emissions from landfills 0–3%. If emissions due to the use of machinery in timber harvesting and transportation were included, they made up only 0·03–0·33% of the total outflow. 相似文献