灾变预测在火灾预测中的应用

简述了灰色理论中灾变预测的特点及其建模过程，并将其应用于湖南省和山东省火灾预测之中。经检验，模型的精度等级为好，模型的预测结果可靠，对于消防部门火灾的预测有一定帮助。     

综放采空区防灭火注氮数值模拟与参数确定

用有限元数值方法 ,求解了综放开采采空区注氮情况下的漏风渗流方程和氧浓度渗流耗散方程 ;结合计算机图形技术 ,直观展示了注氮前后采空区流场、流态和氧浓度分布动态变化 ;模拟了在不同注氮量下注氮控制区边界的变化过程 ,得到控制区边界位置与注氮流量呈负指数关系 ;重点探讨了用数值模拟方法确定合理注氮参数 (注氮流量、注氮位置和注氮时间 )的新方法。     

基于隧道火灾的消防机器人系统研究

首先介绍了隧道消防的重要意义 ,分析了隧道火灾的特点 ,提出一种早发现、早灭火的隧道消防系统方案。针对隧道消防机器人的功能要求 ,提出了机器人总体设计方案 ,确定了一种安装空间小、工作范围大的机器人执行机构。同时将一种集测温、测烟雾粒子、测气压等多种功能于一体的新型传感器应用于隧道火灾的预报中 ,提高了隧道火灾的报警有效率。这种隧道消防机器人系统的研制为隧道火灾的早期扑救提供了一种新的途径 ,对隧道、库房、地下停车场以及其他建筑内消防具有广泛的应用前景。     

Environmental Implications of the Erosion of Cultural Taboo Practices in Awka-South Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria: 1. Forests, Trees, and Water Resource Preservation

Cultural taboos and their sanctionshave helped to check abuse of the environmentat least among the local people. The disregardfor these traditional checks and balancesespecially among Christians has adverselyaffected their enforcement at this time. Theenvironment and culture preservation inAwka-South were investigated. The faithfulobservance of the traditional laws in the studyarea was attributed to the fact that Awka-Southarea had remained occupied by the same peoplefor centuries. The study showed that thepreserved forests and their shrines in Nibotown have largely remained intact. In Nisetown, however, with nine shrines still inexistence, the rules have relaxed a little,mainly because they embraced modernization. Inthis town, the fringes of the forests may beused for farming but no felling of trees wouldbe allowed. The ``god' of the shrine in Obunaguvillage was much revered until the advent ofChristianity. This religion has had an erodingeffect on the taboos, which were put in placeto protect their forests and streams. Theabandonment of traditional cultural practicesis doing harm that goes beyond the abrogationof traditional cultural practices to seriousthreat to natural environmental structures. Thecultures of the different tribes in Nigerianeed to be revisited for evaluation and studiesto enable their integration into modernpractices that will make the environment moresustainable. This will be more productive thanthe unilateral introduction of programs,execution, and maintenance methods that arecompletely new, or in many cases run contraryto the cultural practices of the local peopleand tribes of Nigeria.     

Conservation of Biodiversity: How Are We Doing?

A question rarely raised in discussions on biodiversity conservation, but surely the biggest question of all, is “How much time do we have left before the mass extinction underway surpasses our best efforts to contain it?” This prompts a further prime question because—and unlike all other problems, whether environmental or otherwise—the biotic crisis threatens to leave a severely impoverished planet for millions of years ahead; “Why do we not undertake the necessary actions to get on top of the problem before it gets on top of us?”     

发展我国森林生态旅游的对策思考

作者以生态旅游理论为基础，分析了我国森林生态旅游的发展状况，并以加入WTO为背景从中找出存在的问题，进而提出入世后推进我国森林生态旅游发展的对策。     

The Effects of Three Thermo Electric Power Plants on Yerkesik-Denizova Forests in Mugla Province (Turkey)

Mugla is a city that is located in the southwest part of Turkey. Three thermo-electric power plants called Yatagan (3 × 210 MW) and Yenikoy (2 × 210 MW)and Kemerkoy (Gokova, 3 × 210 MW) havebeen constructed in this region and also have begun operation in 1982 – 1983 – 1984 (three units), in 1988 and in 1995, respectively. The Pinus brutia forests in Yerkesik–Denizova region have been under the common effects of Yenikoy and Yatagan thermo-electric power plants. Therefore, these Pinus brutia forests have startedto dry in groups since 1988. In addition, Kemerkoy thermo-electric power plant, began operation in 1995.Polluting gases arrived in Denizova-Yerkesik throughKoca Stream Valley Forests.Increasing quantities of polluting gases and especially SO₂ have dried the trees in large amounts in this 1650 ha forestland area. YataganThermo-electric power plant has caused drying of Pinus brutia in Bencik Mountain, which was on the south in 1984–1985. The same phenomenon was seen in Denizova-Yerkesik Forest in 1999–2000. It was observed that sulphur content was varying between 4218–6676 ppm at the Pinus brutia needle samples taken in this region on 16 December 2000. Sulphur contents were correlated with the age of needle (1–2 yr old), density of yellow stains on the needles and amount of drying needles. Particularly in 1996–2000 period, the destruction of chlorophyll in needles due to the impacts of SO₂ was also correlated with narrowing of the annual rings from one year to another. The narrowing ratio of yearly rings reached 60–504% for 94–95 yr old, and 375–661% for 58–63 yr old Pinus brutia trees during the 1986–1990, 1991–1995 and 1996–2000 periods.All these results clearly showed that the decrease in the chlorophyll content in needles under the effect of air pollution caused important reduction in the raw timber production and its inputs to the economy. In other words, drying due to increased ecological sensitivity or direct hazard of pollutants emitted by the power plants and cutting of trees have been notably increased in the region. This has created serious economic losses.     

环境保护与森林生态可持续发展

本文概述了环境保护与森林生态可持续发展的含义与森林旅游资源的特点,阐明了实现森林旅游生态可持续发展的必要性,及实现森林旅游生态持续的途径。     

几种电缆隧道防火措施

通过对电缆隧道内加设防火墙、防火门，对电缆孔、洞进行防火封堵，安装火灾报警系统和气体灭火系统，提出对工程关键工艺及技术方面采取多项保护措施。     

论"性能化"防火设计中的"设计火灾场景

通过一个日本的案例简要讨论了“性能化”防火设计中“设计火灾场景”的方法与步骤，其中主要包括火灾模拟试验的数学模型，目的在于为我国的“性能化”设计提供指导。该案例取自2002年3月在澳大利亚。墨尔本召开的第四次“性能化”规范和消防安全设计方法的国际会议论文集（英文版）。