Forest soil CO2 fluxes as a function of understory removal and N-fixing species addition

We report on the effects of forest management practices of understory removal and N-fixing species (Cassia alata) addition on soil CO2 fluxes in an Eucalyptus urophylla plantation (EUp), Acacia crassicarpa plantation (ACp), 10-species-mixed plantation (Tp), and 30-species-mixed plantation (THp) using the static chamber method in southern China. Four forest management treatments, including (1) understory removal (UR); (2) C. alata addition (CA); (3) understory removal and replacement with C. alata (UR+CA); and (4) control without any disturbances (CK), were applied in the above four forest plantations with three replications for each treatment. The results showed that soil CO2 fluxes rates remained at a high level during the rainy season (from April to September), followed by a rapid decrease after October reaching a minimum in February. Soil CO2 fluxes were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in EUp (132.6 mg/(m2·hr)) and ACp (139.8 mg/(m2·hr)) than in Tp (94.0 mg/(m2·hr)) and THp (102.9 mg/(m2·hr)). Soil CO2 fluxes in UR and CA were significantly higher (P < 0.01) among the four treatments, with values of 105.7, 120.4, 133.6 and 112.2 mg/(m2·hr) for UR+CA, UR, CA and CK, respectively. Soil CO2 fluxes were positively correlated with soil temperature (P < 0.01), soil moisture (P < 0.01), NO3?-N (P < 0.05), and litterfall (P < 0.01), indicating that all these factors might be important controlling variables for soil CO2 fluxes. This study sheds some light on our understanding of soil CO2 flux dynamics in forest plantations under various management practices.     

基于CVM的宁波天童天然林碳汇贸易研究

以宁波天童天然林为例,探讨了将天然林碳汇纳入碳汇贸易的方法和途径,采用条件价值评估法(CVM)估算了天童天然林碳汇价值,并探讨了天然林碳汇贸易的可行性.结果表明:(1)与人工林碳汇相比,天然林碳汇在数量、生态功能和保育价值方面具优势,将天然林碳汇纳入碳汇贸易,是对现有人工林碳汇贸易的有益补充;(2)公众对碳汇贸易普遍持...     

浅析我国森林生态效益补偿制度

概述了中国森林生态效益补偿研究的发展历程和总体状况,通过对森林生态效益补偿制度的回顾、补偿现状的描述,综述相关文献分析了森林生态效益补偿制度存在的一些问题,并提出了相应的建议。     

杨树人工林碳循环对淹水的响应

本文采用涡度相关方法对安徽怀宁杨树人工林的碳通量进行监测,得到微气象数据和通量数据。通过坐标旋转、密度校正和数据插补处理提高数据质量。选取2005年9月淹水期间的数据。分六个阶段进行分析。得到以下结果：（1）在半小时尺度上,在淹水期表观量子效率α随着土壤含水量SWC上升而降低;在未淹水期最大。为-0．0023μmolphoton^-1;退水期最低,为-0．00122mgCO2μmolphoton^-1,退水后恢复到-0,00168mgCO2μmolphoton^-1;α在淹水中2期降低速率最大,在整个淹水期间α的恢复速率是大于降低速率的。（2）生态系统总初级生产力（GEP）在淹水后不断降低．耒淹水期为8．0gCm^-2day^-1．退水后为4．7gCm^-2day^-1,在淹水中2期降幅是最大的达到了16％。（3）生态系统呼吸（Reco）在完全被水淹的第一天降到最低,仅为2．2gCm^-2day^-1;由于温度的影响其变化规律比较复杂。在淹水中2期的变化幅度是最大的;退水后Reco为4．2gCm^-2day^-1恢复到来淹水前的87％。（4）淹水期净生态系统CO2交换量（NEE）的变化表现为先上升后下降的趋势,在淹水中1期最大为-4．2gCm^-2day^-1。退水后最低。为0．6gCm^-2day^-1是未淹水前的17％。     

2004～2009年我国典型陆地生态系统地下水硝态氮评价

利用中国生态系统研究网络（CERN）2004～2009年31个典型陆地生态系统38个浅层地下水井硝态氮（NO 3--N）的监测数据,评价我国典型陆地生态系统地下水NO 3--N污染状况.结果表明,农田（4.85 mg.L-1±0.42 mg.L-1）、绿洲农田（3.72mg.L-1±0.42 mg.L-1）、城市（3....     

沉陷治理工程管理分析

本文以淮南矿区沉陷治理工程为基础,总结了煤炭开采过程造成的地面沉陷问题的类型、特点,并针对沉陷治理工程管理过程中的特点加以分析,提出了各环节要注意的考虑的问题及沉陷治理工程的管理措施。     

不同雨强条件下河流水质对流域土地利用类型与格局空间响应

以七乡河流域为研究区域,基于2015年4、5、6月3次不同雨强条件下的河流水质实时监测数据,以及区域DEM数据和遥感数据,根据高程与坡度将流域划分5级河流缓冲区,研究不同雨强条件下各缓冲区内土地利用类型、格局与河流水质之间的响应关系.结果表明:1不同空间单元土地利用类型与格局存在差异.低缓区域、中缓区域和高缓区域优势土地利用类型为建设用地;中陡区域和高陡区域林地为优势土地利用类型.2低缓区域是不同雨强条件下,土地利用类型对河流水质影响最大的空间单元.3低缓区域建设用地对水质的影响最大;中缓区域湿地对小雨强时水质影响最大;建设用地对中等雨强和大雨强时水质影响最大.中陡和高缓冲区,建设用地对小雨强时水质影响最大;而中等雨强和大雨强时林地对水质影响最大.4土地利用格局对河流水质影响比较复杂.平均斑块形状指数对低缓区域水质影响最大;斑块密度、平均斑块形状、多样性指数分别是中缓区域3种雨强时对水质影响最大的格局因子;高缓区域3种雨强条件下平均斑块形状指数、多样性指数和斑块密度对水质影响最大;平均斑块形状指数和蔓延度是中陡区域和高陡区域小雨强和大雨强时对水质影响最大,蔓延度和多样性指数是中等雨强时影响最大土地利用格局因子.     

Possible use of Lingula sp. (Phylum Brachiopoda) as a dissemination strategy to promote sustainable development in Fangchenggang mangrove,China

The economic marketability of a brachiopod, Lingula was studied at three coastal mangrove sites, specifically based on socioeconomic parameters from 10 villages that utilized Lingula along Pearl Bay, Beilun Estuary Marine Nature Reserve, China. The significantly highest density of Lingula was at Jiao Dong (48.2 ± 35.14 individual/m²) whereas the biomass of Lingula was highest (0.76 ± 0.22 g/individual) at Gui Lao Bu. The shell size of the largest specimen was still less than that in other references. The socioeconomic study of the population related to Lingula involved a small group, and no relationship could be determined among the parameters of age range, education level, occupation, and financial status. The total economic value (320,927.4 Yuan) was based on the value of consumption whereas the value from sales was very low as recorded from Shan Xin over a three-month season. Analysis of the results to determine strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats was undertaken to identify the potential of Lingula sp. to be promoted and supported in the market as a novel source of income for the local community who are associated with mangrove resources; and also to examine its potential as a new food source for the rapidly growing population of China.     

Effects of two forest types on the dynamics of four base cations along with rainfall partitioning in middle subtropical forests北大核心CSCD

盐基离子随穿透雨和树干茎流的迁移成为森林元素输入的重要组成部分.在迁移过程中,冠层淋溶、树干冲刷等改变了盐基离子含量,而不同林型的林冠特征、树皮性质等存在差异,因此盐基离子含量在不同林型中可能存在差异对米槠次生林和杉木人工林穿透雨、树干茎流进行为期4年的监测,对比研究4种盐基离子(K+、Ca2+、Na+、Mg2+)浓度和输入量的动态特征.结果显示:(1)米槠次生林树干茎流Ca2+、Mg2+浓度显著低于杉木人工林而K+浓度显著高于杉木人工林;穿透雨除Na+浓度外均为米槠次生林显著高于杉木人工林.穿透雨和树干茎流Na+浓度林型差异不显著.(2)两种林型盐基离子季节动态变化基本一致,在雨季旱季各有一个峰值,雨季浓度普遍低于旱季.米槠次生林盐基离子浓度稳定性普遍高于杉木人工林.(3)分析盐基离子浓度与降雨强度的关系发现:Ca2+、K+、Mg2+浓度随雨量级的增加而降低,Na+浓度随雨量级的增加而增加.(4)观测期间米槠次生林穿透雨累计输入Ca2+、K+、Mg2+和Na+总量分别为47.97、35.17、7.15和12.94 kg/hm2,树干茎流累计输入Ca2+、K+、Mg2+和Na+总量分别为11.38、6.21、1.54和3.00 kg/hm2;杉木人工林穿透雨累计输入Ca2+、K+、Mg2+和Na+总量分别为47.24、26.63、6.43和11.55 kg/hm2,树干茎流累计输入Ca2+、K+、Mg2+和Na+总量分别为4.11、1.20、0.50和0.83 kg/hm2.米槠次生林的林内雨盐基离子输入量大于杉木人工林.总体而言,米槠次生林比杉木人工林有更高的养分输入,能更好地维持生态系统养分的供应;上述结果有助于进一步认识森林物质随水文过程的流动,可为人工林经营管理提供一定科学基础数据.(图6表1参36)