室内甲醛污染治理技术研究

鉴于室内空气甲醛污染的危害,使用市售的"家丁"牌甲醛消除剂,对其去除甲醛性能进行了测试研究.研究结果表明,甲醛消除剂可以快速、有效地消除室内空气中的甲醛,又可以减少室内装修材料中游离甲醛的释放,是治理室内空气甲醛污染的有效手段之一.     

基于卫星遥感中国甲醛的时空分布及影响因子

基于OMIHCHO数据日产品,对2016年全国甲醛柱浓度数据进行了提取分析,并结合全国各省市温度、降雨量、植被覆盖度、人类活动等数据,在空间上与甲醛柱浓度做了相关性分析.结果表明：我国甲醛柱浓度空间分布极不平衡,呈现出东部及东南部地区甲醛柱浓度值普遍较高,而我国的西部及西北部地区表现出较低值;甲醛柱浓度月均值最低为8.31×10¹⁵molec/cm²,出现在10月份,最高为11.87×10¹⁵molec/cm²,出现在6月份,如果按照季节划分甲醛柱浓度均值,夏季 > 春季 > 冬季 > 秋季;从气象因子与甲醛柱浓度相关性分析结果来看,温度与甲醛柱浓度之间的相关性更为密切,但表现出空间上的差异性,此外,雨水对甲醛有一定的消除作用,但也在空间上有差异;由植被与甲醛柱浓度相关性结果来看,植被主要对东部及东南部地区甲醛柱浓度影响作用明显.甲醛柱浓度与各省市的地区生产总值、各产业增加值、机动车保有量的变化也存在着明显的相关性,而各产业增加值中工业与其相关性最高,说明工业排放和汽车尾气也是甲醛的主要来源.     

Measurements of carbonyls in a 13-story building

BACKGROUND, AIM AND SCOPE: Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde are emitted by many mobile and stationary sources and secondary aldehydes are intermediates in the photo-oxidation of organic compounds in the atmosphere. These aldehydes are emitted indoors by many materials such as furniture, carpets, heating and cooling systems, an by smoking. Carbonyls, mainly formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, have been studied because of their adverse health effects. In addition, formaldehyde is a suspected carcinogen. Therefore, the concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were determined to assess the inhalation exposure doses to carbonyls for people who work in a 13-story building and in order to evaluate the cancer hazard. METHODS: Carbonyl compounds in indoor and outdoor air were measured at a 13-story building located in Mexico City. The mezzanine, fifth and tenth floors, and the third level-parking garage were selected for sampling. Samples were collected in two sampling periods, the first from April 20 to 29, 1998 and the second from December 1 to 20, 1998. Carbonyls were sampled by means of DNHP-coated cartridges at a flow rate of 1 l min(-1) from 9:00 to 19:00 hours, during 2-hour time intervals and analyzed by HPLC with hours, during 2-hour time intervals and analyzed by HPLC with UV/VIS detection. RESULTS: Mean carbonyl concentrations were highest in the 3rd level-parking garage, with the formaldehyde concentration being the highest ranging from 108 to 418 microg m(-3). In working areas, the highest carbonyl arithmetic mean concentrations (AM) were observed on the 5th floor. Acetone and formaldehyde concentrations were highest in April ranging from 161 to 348 microg m(-3) (AM = 226) and from 157 to 270 microg m(-3) (AM = 221), respectively. Propionaldehyde and butyraldehyde were present in smaller concentrations ranging from 2 to 25 and 1 to 28 microg m(-3), respectively, considering all the samples. Mean indoor/outdoor ratios of carbonyls ranged from 1.8 to 9.6. A reduction of inhalation exposure doses of 41% and 45% was observed in the fifth floor air after the air conditioning systems had been repaired. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde concentrations were higher in smoking environments. CONCLUSION: Indoor carbonyl concentrations were significantly greater than outdoor concentrations. Tobacco smoke seems to be the main indoor source of formaldehyde. After the air conditioning system was maintained and repaired (as was recommended), an important reduction in the emission of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde was achieved on all floors, except for the 3rd level parking garage, thereby reducing the inhalation exposure doses. RECOMMENDATION: The results obtained in this research demonstrated that maintenance of air conditioning systems must be carried out regularly in order to avoid possible adverse effects on health. Additionally, it is mandatory that isolated smoking areas, with air extraction systems, be installed in every public building.     

工业锅炉燃烧处理甲醛尾气技术

介绍了一种用工业锅炉燃烧处理甲醛尾气的方法。在对该技术的可行性进行分析的基础上，进行了甲醛尾气燃烧的工业性试验及实际应用。实际应用结果表明，该工艺简单易行，不仅投资少，而且经济效益显著。     

光催化氧化法处理甲醛废水的研究

用二氧化钛作催化剂，对较低浓度甲醛废水进行了光催化氧化处理试验。研究了催化剂用量、溶液pH、甲醛初始浓度及外加氧化剂等因素对光催化氧化的影响。试验结果表明，增加催化剂用量可以显著增加反应速度，提高降解效率；增强溶液的酸性和碱性都可以加快甲醛的降解速度，且碱性条件更加有利；在试验浓度范围内，甲醛的起始浓度对其降解反应基本没有影响；外加氧化剂双氧水可以在没有紫外光条件下，很快将甲醛氧化。     

化学需氧量(COD)在线自动监测仪开发应用及最新进展

为了实施我国对化学需氧量（COD）排污总量的控制，必须对COD排放总量进行在线自动连续监测。本文对COD在线自动监测仪的方法原理、类型、技术性能、关键技术及特点、开发应用及最新进展进行了评述。     

住宅装修引起贫血疾病的分析报告

通过对1例住宅装修中甲醛超标引起户主外周血贫血的分析，评价了甲醛对人体健康的危害。简述了室内空气污染物对人体健康的危害。     

超临界乙醇流体制取活性炭-TiO2光催化剂复合材料的研究

研究表明：在超临界乙醇流体介质下钛酸异丙酯能有效地分解成具光催化活性的锐钛矿型TiO2粒子，同时产生的TiO2粒子可与活性炭融合成一体，形成的活性炭－TiO2光催化剂复合材料具很好的光催化活性与吸附作用，而且具有的协同效应优于活性炭与TiO2样品的物理混合形式。     

中国生物源挥发性有机物(BVOCs)时空排放特征研究

生物源挥发性有机物(BVOCs)对O_3和二次有机气溶胶(SOA)生成具有重要的影响.本研究基于MODIS卫星遥感数据和WRF模拟的气象结果,运用MEGAN3.0模型对中国2005—2016年BVOCs排放量进行估算,分析了BVOCs及其亚类化学物种的时空分布特征.同时,对人为源挥发性有机物(AVOCs)排放量、总挥发性有机物(TVOCs)排放量和OMI卫星反演获取的甲醛柱浓度之间的关系进行了初步探讨.结果表明:2005—2016年中国BVOCs年均排放量约为10 Tg,其中,异戊二烯约为6.13 Tg,甲醇约为1.47 Tg,单萜烯约为1.03 Tg,其余生物源挥发性有机物(OBVOCs)约为2.84 Tg;近10年我国BVOCs排放量略呈下降趋势,AVOCs呈明显的波动上升趋势,而TVOCs则呈现逐年增加趋势;BVOCs存在明显的季节性变化,呈现夏季高、冬季低的规律,夏、冬两季排放量各占全年排放量的51.50%和3.40%;BVOCs排放量高值分布于中国东南植被密集区域,主要分布于广西(0.87 Tg)、云南(0.84 Tg)和湖南(0.81 Tg);不同土地覆盖类型的BVOCs排放贡献具有显著差异,其中,森林(43.93%)最大,灌木(31.62%)和农田(15.13%)次之,草地(9.31%)最小.本研究所获取的中国近10年BVOCs的时空分布特征可为后续定量评估BVOCs对O_3和SOA生成的贡献提供基础支撑.     

室内污染物甲醛的光催化去除实验

为了分析流速、湿度、温度对室内污染物甲醛的光催化氧化影响,在搭建光催化氧化分析动态实验台的基础上,利用浸渍准膜法制得TiO2光催化剂薄膜,并进行甲醛的光催化去除实验。结果表明,随着流速的增加,污染物的光催化氧化逐步由传质控制过程过渡到光催化氧化控制过程,湿度对甲醛的光催化氧化存在一最佳范围,温度对甲醛的光催化氧化无明显影响。