高铁时代到来的区域影响和意义

近年来,全国范围内的高铁网络建设成为全社会关注的焦点之一。高铁之所以倍受青睐,是在于其显著优点：速度快、输送能力大、安全性好、舒适方便、能耗低、经济效益好。伴随着“四纵四横”客运专线建设的全面展开,我国将步入高铁时代。高铁缩短了人流、物流、信息流的时空距离,开启了一个新经济时代的来临。因此,高铁时代的到来势必将具有深远的区域影响和意义。高铁将加速和放大都市经济圈同城效应,改变人们的生产、生活方式;高铁将加快中心城市引领的大区域板块的融合和共促共赢;高铁将促进旅游、房地产等沿线产业的升级,推进沿线城市规划的重新布局;高铁将引发空、陆、水三大现代交通运输方式的重组,带来人们出行方式的多样化     

Substituting missing data in compositional analysis

Multivariate analysis of environmental data sets requires the absence of missing values or their substitution by small values. However, if the data is transformed logarithmically prior to the analysis, this solution cannot be applied because the logarithm of a small value might become an outlier. Several methods for substituting the missing values can be found in the literature although none of them guarantees that no distortion of the structure of the data set is produced. We propose a method for the assessment of these distortions which can be used for deciding whether to retain or not the samples or variables containing missing values and for the investigation of the performance of different substitution techniques. The method analyzes the structure of the distances among samples using Mantel tests. We present an application of the method to PCDD/F data measured in samples of terrestrial moss as part of a biomonitoring study.     

大型中心传动浓缩（刮泥）机的应用与发展

阐述了大型中心传动浓缩机与周边传动浓缩机的结构特点及国内外的应用现状,分析了周边传动浓缩机存在的结构性缺陷,介绍了中心传动浓缩机的分类、技术特点以及其在国内的推广应用前景。     

被害人安全性保障机制探索——以重大责任事故为视角

从安全社会学、安全制度学角度探讨被害人安全性,创建一个被害人安全诉讼保障机制。采用比较、归纳等方法分析被害人安全性价值的正当性,被害人的安全性在刑事诉讼中主要表现为尊重被害人的主体性;改进传统"三角诉讼构造",建立"锥形诉讼构造",形成一种被害人、检察官、被告人(或罪犯)在法官主持下相互制约、相互对抗的立体诉讼格局;进一步研讨"锥形诉讼构造"的理论和应用程序,在刑事程序上保障被害人的安全性。     

不同来源高浓度有机废水的集中处理

按照水质情况,将多种来源于不同工业生产过程中的高浓度有机废水划分为高悬浮固体乳化液废水、难生化高浓度有机废水、高悬浮固体不含油有机废水、含铬有机废水和杂质含量较少的乳化液废水5类,分别采用酸化破乳/Fen-ton氧化/混凝/絮凝、Fenton氧化/混凝/絮凝、混凝/絮凝、还原/混凝/絮凝、震动膜过滤技术作为生化预处理技术,并通过小试和中试验证了各技术的效果。实验结果表明,按照上述分类结果,采用不同预处理技术可以得到良好的效果,废水水质明显改善,满足继续生化处理的基本条件。各预处理生产装置处理效果稳定,同时生化系统已经稳定运行120天以上,COD去除率超过90%,出水经过低剂量的Fenton试剂处理后可达到《污水排入城镇下水道水质标准》(CJ343-2012)。     

Toxicological characterization of the landfill leachate prior/after chemical and electrochemical treatment: A study on human and plant cells

In this research, toxicological safety of two newly developed methods for the treatment of landfill leachate from the Piškornica (Croatia) sanitary landfill was investigated. Chemical treatment procedure combined chemical precipitation with CaO followed by coagulation with ferric chloride and final adsorption by clinoptilolite. Electrochemical treatment approach included pretreatment with ozone followed by electrooxidation/electrocoagulation and final polishing by microwave irradiation. Cell viability of untreated/treated landfill leachate was examined using fluorescence microscopy. Cytotoxic effect of the original leachate was obtained for both exposure periods (4 and 24 h) while treated samples showed no cytotoxic effect even after prolonged exposure time. The potential DNA damage of the untreated/treated landfill leachate was evaluated by the comet assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay using either human or plant cells. The original leachate exhibited significantly higher comet assay parameters compared to negative control after 24 h exposure. On the contrary, there was no significant difference between negative control and chemically/electrochemically treated leachate for any of the parameters tested. There was also no significant increase in either CBMN assay parameter compared to the negative control following the exposure of the lymphocytes to the chemically or electrochemically treated landfill leachate for both exposure periods while the original sample showed significantly higher number of micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds for both exposure times. Results suggest that both methods are suitable for the treatment of such complex waste effluent due to high removal efficiency of all measured parameters and toxicological safety of the treated effluent.     

Scenario-visualization for the assessment of perceived green space qualities at the urban-rural fringe

The provision of green space is increasingly being perceived as an important factor for quality of life. However, green spaces often face high developmental pressure. The main objective of this study is to investigate a prospective approach to green space planning by combining three-dimensional (3D) visualization of green space scenarios and survey techniques to facilitate improved participation of the public. Aside from the ‘Status quo’, scenarios ‘Agriculture’, ‘Recreation’, ‘Nature conservation’ and ‘Wind turbines’ are visualized in three dimensions. In order to test responses, a survey was conducted both in print format and on the Internet. Overall, 49 different visualizations that belong to one of the scenarios were available in the survey and were rated according to the perceived esthetic, recreational and ecological values.The highest rated scenes include vegetation elements such as meadows with orchards, single trees, shrubs or forest. The least attractive scenes are those where buildings are highly dominant or where there are no vegetation elements.Based on the ratings for the individual images and on the corresponding scenarios, our study shows that there is high potential for improving the existing landscape. All suggested changes are either rated about equal to or considerably higher than the status quo, with the scenario ‘Nature conservation’ receiving the highest scores.     

环境监测数值修约在Excel中的实现

本文简要介绍了环境监测技术规范中所规定的数值修约规则及相关规范要求的主要内容,并给出了相应的Excel修约公式和修约函数,可方便地用于对环境监测工作中实验测定和计算得出的各种数值进行修约。修约公式是一个利用Excel工作表函数构造的满足数值修约基本规则的工作表计算公式,在给定修约位数的前提下,可直接在工作表单元格中使用修约公式对数值进行修约,对于简单应用,具有方便、快捷、直观的特点。修约函数是一个利用Excel VBA编制的自定义函数,共有四个参数,其调用方法同工作表函数,具有针对性强、灵活、便捷的特点,可根据环境监测技术规范的特定要求,实现自动按有效位数或小数位数进行数值修约,并按相应的格式输出数据。     

Protecting people and property: the influence of land-use planners on flood hazard mitigation in New Urbanist developments

Research suggests that characteristics of local government land-use planners help determine the priority that local communities place on flood hazard mitigation. However, research has not examined the significance of land-use planners' values and role orientations for flood hazard mitigation. Multiple regression analysis is used to examine the influence that land-use planners' values and role orientations have on flood hazard mitigation in a national sample of New Urbanist development projects. Findings indicate that land-use planners' values and role orientations have significant implications for flood hazard mitigation in these projects. The paper recommends that local governments adopt a land-use planning approach to flood hazard mitigation that relies on land-use planners to help direct development away from hazardous portions of development sites.