Response of antioxidase in viscera of Pagrosuma major larvae to water soluble fraction of hydrocarbons in No.0 diesel oil

Pagrosomus major larvae were to the water-soluble fraction of hydrocarbon in No.0 diesel oil(corresponding to No.2 fuel oil) at concentration of 0,0.17,1.22 and 8.82mg/L for up to 15 days.Larvae were sampled on days 9 and 15 of the experiment.Supernatants of viscera tissue extractions were assayed for biochemical response in terms of oxidative stress-superoxide dismutase(SOD),activity of selenium-dependant glutathione peroxidase(Se-GPx) and catalase(Ca),and the concentration of reduced glutathione(CSH).On day 9 of exposure ,statistically significant dose-related increases in Se-GPx and SOD activity,and GSH concentration were observed in all cases except for Se-GPx activity under the highest dosage of hydrocarbon.However,on day 15 of exposure, a similar dose-related in all cases except for Se-GPx activity under the highest dosage of hydrocarbon.However,on day 15 of exposure, a similar dose-related response was only observed for Se-GPx activity.GSH concentration decreased and SOD activity showed no statistical difference as compared to controls.However, a significant decrease in compared to day 9 Se-GPx activity and GSH concentration, in contrast to increase SOD activity at day 15 as indicates an accelerated accumulation of H2O2 and potential oxidative damage under long term exposure of larvae to hydrocarbons.No statistical changes were observed in Ca activity throughout the experiment, possibly owing to the high efficiency of Se-GPx.A recovery experiment was performed on indicating that the response of antioxidants measured tending to returm to return to their control levels.These results prove the function of the antioxidant defense system of the larvae to the water-soluble fraction of hydrocarbons in No.0 diesel oil.     

独山锑冶炼厂周边土壤锑砷空间分布特征、污染评价及健康风险评估

以贵州省独山县某锑矿冶炼厂周边土壤为研究对象,按照辐射布点取样的原则,布设45个采样点,共采集0~30 cm的土壤样品135件.基于GIS空间分析、内梅罗指数及人群健康风险评价等研究方法,分析了地形和风向对锑（Sb）在土壤中分布的影响,并对Sb和As在该区域土壤中的含量、空间分布、污染水平及人体健康风险进行了探究与评估.结果表明,Sb在新、老两厂周边不同深度（0~10、10~20、20~30 cm）土壤中的含量平均值分别是贵州省背景值的11.90、9.24、4.32和8.13、8.06、4.88倍,且随深度增加呈明显降低的垂直分布特征,其在20~30 cm深度土壤中的含量接近贵州省土壤背景值.而As在不同深度土壤中的含量变化不明显,总体平均值在贵州省土壤背景值的1.39~1.62倍之间.老冶炼厂周边土壤中Sb有效态含量占比均高于新厂区,且随土壤深度的增加而增加,而As在各层位土壤中均以残渣态为主,其含量占比高达80%以上.Sb在新、老冶炼厂周边土壤中的分布受到地形和主导风向影响,在烟囱周边300 m范围内土壤中Sb含量最高,随距离增加呈现缓慢降低特征;同时,土壤中Sb含量随海拔的增加而降低.从土壤污染的空间分布上看,老冶炼厂东北面土壤尚属清洁,其余区域达到轻微污染水平.人体健康风险评价结果显示,冶炼厂周边土壤中As的致癌风险不明显,As和Sb对成人与儿童的非致癌健康风险均较小.     

Qualitative assessment on premature human mortality due to the emission of fine particulate matter from the Matarbari coal power plant

This study reports the probability of increased mortality of people within the political border of Bangladesh due to the emission of fine particulate matter with diameters of 2.5 microns or less (PM_2.5) from the Matarbari coal power plant (MCPP). A Gaussian plume dispersion model has been used for this estimation. The PM_2.5 emission rate data are unavailable as the construction of MCPP is still in its initial stage; therefore, the anticipated PM_2.5 emission rate has been estimated based on data from a number of coal‐fired power plants in India and China. To make this study more meaningful, two different emission rates have been considered representing the best‐case and worst‐case scenarios. In both cases, the intake fraction has been found to be 0.12×10^?2, and the value of relative risk varies between 1.134 and 1.374, respectively. Finally, it is estimated that approximately 11.5 million people inside Bangladesh will be exposed to the PM_2.5 emission from MCPP, and between 7,667 and 17,675 people will experience premature death every year.     

太原市某城区四季大气PM2.5中重金属污染特征分析

为了研究太原市大气PM_(2.5)中重金属污染的季节变化特征,于2012年12月至2013年9月4个季度典型时段在太原市迎泽区采集环境大气PM_(2.5)样品,采用连续提取法和电热板消解法分析了样品中5种重金属元素的化学形态和总浓度,并对重金属的生物有效性进行了评价.结果表明,1太原市迎泽区大气中PM_(2.5)日均质量浓度高达122.08~211.81μg·m~(-3),其四季日均浓度呈现为:冬季春季夏季秋季.2大气PM_(2.5)中重金属浓度在4个季节呈现一定的季节变化,其中Cu和Ni的季节变化不明显,Cr在夏、秋季浓度较高,Pb、Cd的浓度在冬季最高.3PM_(2.5)中不同重金属化学形态分布不同,除Cu外,其他4种重金属在不同季节的各化学形态含量基本相同,超过75%的Pb和Cd的分布在可溶态与可交换态、碳酸盐态、可氧化态与可还原态;Ni和Cr主要以有机质、氧化物与硫化物结合态和残渣态为主;Cu在春、夏、秋季主要分布在有机质、氧化物与硫化物结合态和残渣态两种形态中,在冬季主要在可氧化态与可还原态和有机质、氧化物与硫化物结合态两种形态中.4PM_(2.5)中5种重金属的生物有效性大小顺序为CdPbCuNiCr;Cd和Pb为生物可利用性元素,Cu、Ni和Cr为潜在生物可利用性元素.     

Total and Extractable Trace Elements in Lebanese River Sediments: Dry Season Data

Years of political instability have left Lebanon with significant gaps in environmental knowledge. This paper reports new results for trace metals in bed sediments of the river Nahr-lbrahim. The drainage basin of the river Nahr-lbrahim is largely floored by karstified limestone. Metal pollution is operative within the catchment. The objectives of this study were first to identify possible sources of metals (geological and/or anthropogenic) and then to characterise the chemical partitioning of the metals in the sediments. Bed load sediments were sampled at five locations along a 13km stretch from the river mouth, during the dry season. Samples were collected on two dates, dried and then sieved into three mechanical fractions. We report total Fe, Cu, Pb and Zn contents of the <75m sediment fraction for the dry season and interpret the results in terms of geology and point and non-point discharges to the river. Total metal contents were derived from summing the concentrations of metals in the chemical fractions of the sediments. A sequential chemical extraction procedure was applied to the <75m fraction and the data showed that, except for Fe, the carbonate fraction had the largest role in metal sediment deposition.     

兰州城关区冬春季PM10的化学组分和来源分析

为了解兰州市城关区冬春季PM10的来源,利用电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)测定了PM10中全样和水溶性Ti、V、Cr、Cd、Mn、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Sb、Pb、Ba、Mg 、Al和Fe元素的浓度.研究结果表明,兰州市城关区冬春季PM10中这些全样和水溶性元素的总浓度均表现为冬季高于春季,且除部分地壳元素(Al...     

红壤不同粒级组分中砷的形态——基于连续分级提取和XANES研究

土壤固相由不同大小的土壤颗粒构成.研究砷在土壤不同粒级组分中的形态,有助于深入了解土壤中砷的生物有效性、移动性及其环境风险.本文以砷吸附能力很强的红壤为研究对象,采用传统化学提取法研究了砷在各粒级组分（50～250μm,5～50μm,1～5μm和〈1μm）中的含量和形态,并采用X射线吸收近边结构（XANES）光谱法表征...     

Effect of molecular weight of dissolved organic matter on toxicity and bioavailability of copper to lettuce

To clarify the e ects of molecular weight of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the toxicity and bioavailability of copper (Cu) to plants, DOM extracted from chicken manure was ultra-filtered into four fractions according to their molecular weights by means of sequential-stage ultrafiltration technique. Lettuce seeds were germinated by being exposed to the solutions containing Cu2+ with or without di erent fractions of DOM. The concentration of copper in roots, leaves, sprouts and the length of roots were investigated. The results showed that not all fractions of DOM could improve copper availability or toxicity. The fraction of DOM with larger molecular weight more than 1 kDa had higher complexation stability with Cu2+ and caused lower concentration of free Cu2+ ion in the solution of copper plus the fraction, resulting in lower availability and toxicity of copper to lettuce, but the fraction with molecular weight less than 1 kDa had the opposite function. Therefore, the molecular weight of 1 kDa may be the division point to determine DOM to increase or decrease copper availability and toxicity.     

室内人体行走引起颗粒物再悬浮的试验研究

室内人员活动是室内颗粒物再悬浮的重要因素,研究室内颗粒物再悬浮对评估室内空气质量有重要意义.以南开大学津南校区某公共教室为研究区域,通过现场试验研究了室内地面不同积尘负荷下,人员行走引起的PM_2.5再悬浮浓度及其扩散速率.结果表明:①不同时间间隔内的室内地面总颗粒积尘负荷不同,时间间隔为3、7、15 d时,室内PM_2.5积尘负荷分别为0.11、0.18、0.30 g/m2.②室内地面不同总颗粒积尘负荷下,在室内中心过道处行走时引起的PM_2.5再悬浮浓度约1 min后达到最高值,PM_2.5再悬浮浓度达到最高值的时间与地面不同总颗粒积尘负荷的关系不明显.③随着室内地面总颗粒积尘负荷的增加,人体行走引起的PM_2.5再悬浮浓度也会增加.当室内PM_2.5积尘负荷为0.30 g/m2时,行走路径中游坐姿1.1 m处与站姿呼吸平面1.5 m处的PM_2.5再悬浮浓度平均值分别为3.03、2.68 μg/m3,约是室内PM_2.5积尘负荷为0.18与0.11 g/m2时引起的PM_2.5再悬浮浓度平均值的2~3倍.④利用颗粒物传输模型对PM_2.5再悬浮进行量化分析发现,室内地面不同总颗粒积尘负荷的大小与PM_2.5再悬浮分数无关,PM_2.5再悬浮分数为2.2×10-8;室内PM_2.5积尘负荷为0.11、0.18、0.30 g/m2时,行走引起的再悬浮PM_2.5扩散速率分别为7.62×10-11、1.25×10-10、2.08×10-10 kg/s.研究显示,地面积尘负荷的大小会影响人体行走时颗粒物的扩散速率与室内PM_2.5浓度.      

Adsorption and thermodynamic parameters of chlorantraniliprole and dinotefuran on clay loam soil with difference in particle size and pH

The behavior of chlorantraniliprole (CAP) and dinotefuran (DNF) insecticides was investigated in clay loam soil, a common type of the Egyptian soil. Effect of temperature, pH and particle size of the soil on the adsorption process was studied. Adsorption isotherm by bulk soil and its constituents; humic acid (HA), clay, silt and sand fractions was measured using batch equilibration technique. The results showed that the adsorption of the insecticides tested was significantly affected by the temperature and was a spontaneous interfacial process in the soil. Freundlich model accurately predicted the adsorption behavior of both insecticides. The interaction between soil and insecticides was endothermic and the highest adsorption for CAP and DNF was obtained at pH 9. However, the effect of pH on the adsorption of DNF was lower than that of CAP. Sorption of CAP and DNF on HA fraction was significantly greater than on clay fraction and bulk soil. In addition, the adsorption was significantly increased with particle size decrease. It could be inferred that the adsorption of CAP and DNF on clay loam soil was physical in nature and greatly influenced by the soil components, pH and temperature.