扬子地块西南缘低温成矿域Au、Sb、Hg、As矿床区域分布上的共生分异及控制因素

扬子地块西南缘大面积低温成矿域的Au、Sb、Hg、As矿床,常出现共生分异的现象,在空间上形成Au、Sb、Hg、As矿床、矿带相伴出现而又相对独立的规律性分布。在详细研究Au、Sb、Hg、As矿床、矿带区域分布及其产出地质背景的基础上,从不同的角度,对制约Au、Sb、Hg、As矿床、矿带共生分异的因素进行了探讨。     

Synergistic effect of F and triggered oxygen vacancies over F-TiO2 on enhancing NO ozonation

Oxidation-absorption technology is a key step for NO_x removal from low-temperature gas. Under the condition of low O₃ concentration (O₃/NO molar ratio = 0.6), F-TiO₂ (F-TiO₂), which is cheap and environmentally friendly, has been prepared as ozonation catalysts for NO oxidation. Catalytic activity tests performed at 120°C showed that the NO oxidation efficiency of F-TiO₂ samples was higher than that of TiO₂ (about 43.7%), and the NO oxidation efficiency of F-TiO₂-0.15 was the highest, which was 65.3%. Combined with physicochemical characteristics of catalysts and the analysis of active species, it was found that there was a synergistic effect between F sites and oxygen vacancies on F-TiO₂, which could accelerate the transformation of monomolecular O₃ into multi-molecule singlet oxygen (¹O₂), thus promoting the selective oxidation of NO to NO₂. The oxidation reaction of NO on F-TiO₂-0.15 follows the Eley-Rideal mechanism, that is, gaseous NO reacts with adsorbed O₃ and finally form NO₂.     

PO4^3-和柠檬酸对稀土元素在小麦体内积累和分异的影响

基于营养液培养,添加外源稀土和ICP-MS分析技术,研究了无机配体PO43-(Pi)及有机配体柠檬酸(Cit)对小麦器官中稀土元素积累和分异的影响.结果表明,不同Pi水平对小麦根中的稀土总含量(∑REE)影响较小,但显著降低叶中∑REE含量;而不同Cit水平对小麦根、叶中∑REE含量都有明显降低作用.对照植物(无Pi、Cit添加)中,稀土元素在小麦根中具有中稀土(MREE)富集及M-型四重效应分布特征,叶中有重稀土(HREE)富集及W-型四重效应分布特征.不同Pi处理对四重效应无明显作用,但进一步加强HREE在小麦叶片中的富集.添加柠檬酸使对照植物根和叶中的分异有逐渐减弱的趋势,在高浓度处理时(Cit≥150μmol.L-1),小麦根和叶中出现轻稀土(LREE)富集.     

取代苯类化合物的二维息定量结构-活性相关研究

为了预测非反应性麻醉型化合物对发光菌的发光半抑制浓度,评价该类化合物的毒性效应,采用独特的二维HQSAR分析方法,根据分子碎片的类型,将分子结构转变成具有特征的分子指纹,并用数字进行标记。这些标记出的数字作为QSAR的描述符,经过偏最小二乘法计算,建立起化合物结构与生物毒性之间的相关关系,由此所获得的HQSAR预测值与实测值之间也存在较好的相关性,即-1g_(pre)EC_(50)=0.311 0.929(-1g_(exp)EC_(50))(n=13,r=0.964)。这一模型的预测效果明显优于传统的二维QSAR模型,其结果可以为定量评估同类化合物的生物毒性提供可靠依据。     

天然水体及生活饮用水中铝的含量及形态分布

采用ＰＣＶ络合比色法和Ｆｅｒｒｏｎ逐时络合比色法，选取３种典型环境中的水体为研究对象；江西德兴铜矿地区的乐安江，白洋淀地区以及从源水，自来水到铝锅煮沸水序列水样，着重分析其中铝的含量及其形态分布，并讨论了铝的含量及其形态的变化对３种典型环境的影响。     

Sex-dependent obesogenic effect of tetracycline on Drosophila melanogaster deteriorated by dysrhythmia

Antibiotics have been identified as obesogens contributing to the prevalence of obesity. Moreover, their environmental toxicity shows sex dependence, which might also explain the sex-dependent obesity observed. Yet, the direct evidence for such a connection and the underlying mechanisms remain to be explored. In this study, the effects of tetracycline, which is a representative antibiotic found in both environmental and food samples, on Drosophila melanogaster were studied with consideration of both sex and circadian rhythms (represented by the eclosion rhythm). Results showed that in morning-eclosed adults, tetracycline significantly stimulated the body weight of females (AM females) at 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 µg/L, while tetracycline only stimulated the body weight of males (AM males) at 1.0 µg/L. In the afternoon-eclosed adults, tetracycline significantly stimulated the body weight of females (PM females) at 0.1, 1.0 and 100.0 µg/L, while it showed more significant stimulation in males (PM males) at all concentrations. Notably, the stimulation levels were the greatest in PM males among all the adults. The results showed the clear sex dependence of the obesogenic effects, which was diminished by dysrhythmia. Further biochemical assays and clustering analysis suggested that the sex- and rhythm-dependent obesogenic effects resulted from the bias toward lipogenesis against lipolysis. Moreover, they were closely related to the preference for the energy storage forms of lactate and glucose and also to the presence of excessive insulin, with the involvement of glucolipid metabolism. Such relationships indicated potential bridges between the obesogenic effects of pollutants and other diseases, e.g., cancer and diabetes.     

表面活性剂和多环芳烃的复合生态效应研究进展

简要论述了表面活性剂和多环芳烃在环境中的各自行为，包括表面活性剂的定义，分类和对难溶有机化合物的增溶作用机理，多环芳烃的产生途径和分布，表面活性剂和多环芳烃的危害及生物去除方式等，在此基础上着重探讨表面活性剂对多环芳烃生物去除的影响作用机理，阐述了影响表面活性剂和多环芳烃复合生态效应的各种因素及最新研究进展。对该领域需进一步研究的问题进行了展望。     

石英羟基水-分子水的分馏系数与常规混合水δD分析的关系

采集了 4个不同地区花岗岩石英、热液脉石英 ,分析其中包裹体分子水与结构羟基水的含量、包裹体分子水的δDinclusion、结构羟基水的δDOH,计算了结构羟基水 包裹体分子水之间的D/H分馏系数αOH inclusion。考查了混合水 (结构羟基水 +包裹体分子水 )δDwhole water与单独包裹体水δDinclusion之间的差别 ,分析了这种差别与分馏系数αOH inclusion的关系。结果表明 :花岗岩样品中两种水之间的分馏系数小 ,分馏程度大 ,在常规分析中 ,若采用测定混合水δDwhole water值代表实际流体 (包裹体水 )δDinclusion值时 ,二者间有较大的差异。热液石英脉样品总体来说分馏系数接近于 1,分馏程度小 ,常规分析中引起的二者之间差异小。常规的分析方法用于分馏程度小的热液脉石英是可行的 ,但进行花岗岩石英水的氢同位素分析时有必要区分出包裹体水与羟基水。     

表面活性剂对分枝杆菌KR2生长的影响

研究了表面活性剂的浓度、离子类型和分子结构等对分枝杆菌KR2菌株生长的影响。结果表明，一些表面活性剂在低浓度时可以促进分枝杆菌KR2的生长，高浓度时则会抑制KR2菌株的生长。表面活性剂的离子类型对KR2菌株生长抑制作用的顺序为：阳离子活性剂TDTMA＞阴离子表面活性剂LAS＞非离子表面活性剂Tween80。表面活性剂的直链长度对KR2菌株生长的影响为：直链越短，对分枝杆菌KR2菌株生长的抑制作用越大。     

黔中岩溶地区草地下土壤CO_2含量的变化特征

全球碳循环中,CO_2的未知汇可能是陆地生态系统中某一部分,如土壤。土壤中CO_2的含量是大气的几倍至近百倍,它的吸收与释放将影响大气中的CO_2浓度。岩溶地区占全球陆地面积的1/15。对典型的岩溶地区——黔中某地土壤的CO_2进行了四季及昼夜的采样测定,结果表明,该地地表大气的CO_2含量具有季节变化的特征。土壤气中的CO_2浓度为大气CO_2浓度的几倍至一百多倍;自地表向下,随着土壤深度的增大,CO_2浓度升高。土壤CO_2含量的季节变化及昼夜变化,与土壤中CO_2来源和温度等因子变化有关。