柠檬酸对小麦吸收铜的影响

通过土培和水培试验,研究了柠檬酸对小麦吸收铜的影响.土培结果表明：柠檬酸对土壤中的铜有一定的活化能力,使土壤中生物有效性的铜含量提高,从而提高了小麦中铜的含量,并且表明茎叶中的元素铜含量一般比根中的铜含量要低.水培结果表明：柠檬酸对小麦积累铜存在＂高抑低促＂的生物效应.     

土壤锌铁铜锰形态分布及其有效性

各土壤微量元素的形态分布特性有相似的规律，每个微量元素的各种形态都可以根据其对植物的有效性划分为两组．第一组形态分布百分率与植物有效性指数呈显著或极显著相关．第二组则呈显著或极显著负相关．因而第一组的形态为主要的有效养分源，第二组的形态很难为植物提供有效养分．减少相应元素转化成为第二组的形态和增加第一组各形态的储备容量是调节和控制土壤营养的重要措施．     

Cu(II)和Pb(II)在NaA分子筛膜@Fe0固定床上的去除动力学

以不锈钢纤维烧结毡为载体,采用二次生长和液相还原法合成了一种新型的微纤复合NaA分子筛膜@Fe⁰复合材料,考察了其对Cu（Ⅱ）和Pb（Ⅱ）混合溶液的去除动力学.首先,采用二次生长法在不锈钢纤维烧结毡上合成NaA分子筛膜,然后以七水硫酸亚铁、硼氢化钠和微纤复合NaA分子筛膜为原料,利用液相还原法制备微纤复合NaA分子筛膜@Fe⁰复合材料,并采用扫描电镜和X射线光电子能谱进行分析表征.然后,考察了连续固定床反应器中pH值、入口浓度和床层高度对Cu（Ⅱ）和Pb（Ⅱ）去除效果的影响,并采用Bohart-Adams和Yoon-Nelson模型进行拟合分析.结果表明,纳米零价铁被均匀负载于分子筛膜表面,经过固定床动力学实验后,铜和铅附着在复合材料上;随着pH增加或入口浓度降低,Cu（Ⅱ）和Pb（Ⅱ）的透过时间均延长,随着床层高度从0.45 cm增加到0.65 cm,Cu（Ⅱ）和Pb（Ⅱ）透过时间略有增加,继续增加床层高度到0.90 cm,Cu（Ⅱ）和Pb（Ⅱ）透过时间显著延长,当床层高度为0.90 cm时,70 min时Cu（Ⅱ）透过浓度达到入口浓度的4.3%,200 min时Pb（Ⅱ）透过浓度仅为入口浓度的5.6%.Bohart-Adams模型适合描述透过曲线的初始部分（C/C₀<0.5）,Yoon-Nelson模型更适合拟合长床柱中Cu（Ⅱ）和Pb（Ⅱ）的连续去除.     

A framework for assessing the accountability of local governance arrangements for adaptation to climate change

Accountability has hardly been studied in the governance of climate change adaptation. This paper develops a framework for assessing the accountability of interactive governance arrangements for local adaptation. This framework is based on five important accountability mechanisms: Clear responsibilities and mandates, Transparency, Political oversight, Citizen control and Checks and sanctions. For illustration purposes, the proposed framework is applied to the case of a Dutch local adaptation governance arrangement. The application shows that the five proposed mechanisms and their operationalizations offer a valid assessment of the accountability of such arrangements. It also raises some challenges, such as the tensions between accountability and flexibility, legitimacy and effectiveness; the potentially important roles of trust and of the political skills of central actor(s) in the arrangement in raising accountability, and the potential need to distinguish between arrangements for policy planning and for service delivery.     

微波加热PEI改性纤维素纤维的制备及其对水中Cu~(2+)的吸附性能研究

采用微波辅助加热的方法快速制备了聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)改性的纤维素纤维材料,并与常规加热法制备的改性纤维进行对比。利用元素分析(EA)、热重分析(TGA)对改性纤维进行了表征。同时,还讨论了溶液p H、吸附时间、温度、溶液浓度对改性纤维吸附性能的影响。结果表明:与常规加热制备相比,采用微波加热改性的纤维素纤维接枝率更高且反应时间更短。在p H为6时,改性纤维对Cu2+的吸附性能达到最大,最大吸附量为134.4 mg/g,吸附过程符合Langmuir等温模型和准二级动力学方程。100 W微波加热条件下,经5次吸附/解吸后,吸附量无显著变化。     

Diversifying forest expertise: forest journals narrating policy change

ABSTRACT

During policy change, the role of the actors communicating the change to different audiences is accentuated. The media plays an increasing role, either as an actor or by providing a stage for other actors. In particular, specialised journals represent an influential, albeit understudied, sphere of policy studies. We use the narrative policy framework complemented with frame analysis to trace how specialised media can affect policy implementation through implicit suggestions for action. Using this combined approach, we analyse how specialised forest journals, which are the most important forest information source for Finnish forest owners, have conveyed the renewal of forest legislation in Finland. The core message of the journals is that forest owners should, despite their new freedom granted by the reform, rely on experts rather than experimenting when managing their forests. This suggests that the media contributes to a path-dependent continuation of a forest policy that is based on a rationalistic exploitation ethos. The innovative potential, which the policy change aimed at encouraging, is thereby partially undermined. However, the analysis of the narratives also reveals that forest expertise and professionalism are diversifying. This notion is important as diversity can eventually lead to narratives supporting more fundamental change in forests management.     

Cu2+/Na2S2O8体系中自由基的研究

利用自由基与乙醇和叔丁醇之间反应速率差异,研究在不同条件下Cu2+/Na2S2O8体系中产生自由基的状况.实验研究表明:Na2S2O8体系会产生·OH和SO-4由于Cu2+的催化作用,使用Cu2+Na2S2O8体系比单独使用Na2S2O8能产生更多的自由基·OH和SO-4.研究还发现:pH值降低能促进Na2S2O8分解产生自由基,但是会抑制SO-4转化为·OH;温度升高,Na2S2O8分解产生的·OH和SO-4均增加.     

浙江省企业环境保护社会责任制度建设探索

通过分析国内外企业环境保护社会责任的发展现状、存在问题和浙江省开展企业社会责任试点工作的主要做法,主要从政府、企业、公众3个方面来构建了浙江省企业环境保护社会责任制度框架。构建制度框架的关键重点不在于制定新的政策与机制,而是将现有的企业自愿性政策与政府的强制性政策相配套与整合,并进行适当的补充。从而形成综合的制度框架。制度框架的最终目的在于,充分发挥政府的引导和推动作用、发挥企业的主体作用、发挥行业协会商会等组织的自律作用、发动社会各方广泛参与,着力构建政府引导、企业自愿、行业自律、社会监督“四位一体”的企业环境保护社会责任推进机制。     

改性粉煤灰处理废水中Cu2＋的研究

以粉煤灰为主要原料,经水浸、酸浸、碱浸后,掺入少量的改性剂,煅烧,老化,晶化,活化后制备成新型的吸附材料,用其处理模拟工业废水中的某些重金属离子铜。结果表明,该吸附材料具有较强的吸附能力。对铜去除率较高。     

Effects of Cd（Ⅱ） and Cu（Ⅱ） on microbial characteristics in 2-chlorophenol-degradation anaerobic bioreactors

The effects of Cd^2＋ and Cu^2＋ at 300 mg/L on anaerobic microbial communities that degrade 2-cholorophenol （2-CP） were examined. Based on the polymerase chain reaction （PCR） of 16S rDNA, bacterial community diversity and archaeal community structure were analyzed with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and cloning, respectively. Degradation capabilities of the anaerobic microbial community were drastically abated and the degradation efficiency of 2-CP was reduced to 60% after shock by Cu^2＋ and Cd^2＋, respectively. The bacterial community structure was disturbed and the biodiversity was reduced after shock by Cu^2＋ and Cd^2＋ for 3 d. Some new metal-resistant microbes which could cope with the new condition appeared. The sequence analysis showed that there existed common Archaea species in control sludge and systems when treated with Cu^2＋ and Cd^2＋, such as Methanothrix soehngenii, Methanosaeta concilii, uncultured euryarchaeote, and so on. Both the abundance and diversity of archaeal species were altered with addition of Cd^2＋ and Cu^2＋ at high concentration. Although the abundance of the predominant archaeal species decreased with Cd^2＋ and Cu^2＋ addition for 3 d, they recovered to some extent after 10 d. The diversity of archaeal species was remarkably reduced after recovery for 10 d and the shift in archaeal composition seemed to be irreversible. The 2-CP-degradation anaerobic system was more sensitive to Cu^2＋ than Cd^2＋.