改革开放40年与中国生态环境规划发展

改革开放40年,生态环境保护随着社会经济的发展而深入发展,生态环境规划与生态环境保护事业同时起步。40年,来编制了9个五年生态环境规划,经历了从无到有、从简单到完善的发展过程,逐步形成了有层次、分类型、多样化的规划体系,规划理念、技术、方法取得了重大进展,规划实践探索丰富多样,对我国生态环境保护工作发挥了统领性作用。十八大以来,生态文明建设体制改革深入推进,十九大确立了美丽中国的宏伟目标,经济高质量发展和生态环境高水平保护统筹推进。在新的历史阶段,生态环境规划将进一步发挥基础性、统领性、战略性和创新性作用,为美丽中国建设作出更大贡献。     

重金属和有机磷农药对真鲷和平鲷幼体的联合毒性研究

以真鲷和平鲷幼体为实验材料,采用联合指数相加法,研究了重金属和农药对真鲷和平鲷幼体的急性毒性和联合毒性效应。实验结果表明：铜、锰、甲胺磷和甲基异柳磷对平鲷幼体的毒性顺序是：甲基异柳磷〉锰〉铜〉甲胺磷。     

巯基改性玉米秸秆对水中Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附特性

采用巯基乙酸改性玉米秸秆(MACS)为吸附剂,研究不同影响条件下其对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附特性.结果表明,当振荡速率为250r/min、吸附温度为40℃、吸附时间为60min、水样初始pH值为6.0时,吸附去除效果最佳,Cu(Ⅱ)去除率可达97.94％.准二级动力学可准确描述MACS对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附过程,在吸附温度为45℃...     

安全生产规划体系框架探讨

阐述了建立安全生产规划体系的必要性,探讨了安全生产规划的定义、研究对象、目的和内容,指出安全生产规划是为使安全生产与经济社会协调发展而预先对未来一段时间内各项安全生产工作所做的时间和空间的合理安排,具有整体性、综合性、动态性、前瞻性、信息密集和政策性强等特征。同时设计了"四级、三层"的安全生产规划体系,即在行政层级上分为国家级、省级、市级和县级四个层级,在协调作用上分为宏观指导层、项目布局层和方案实施层三个层次。国家安全生产规划从宏观上对全国安全生产工作做出谋划与部署,省级安全生产规划要接受国家安全生产规划宏观指导性的引导和要求,并结合各地实际进行项目布局,同时借助专项规划分解内容,制定市、县级规划实施方案。     

协作网络在跨区域灭火应急救援中的应用研究

为有效解决跨区域灭火应急救援工作中统一指挥难、行动协调难、资源调配难和协同效应难等问题,基于网络在跨区域管理工作中的重要性以及协同原理理论,提出跨区域灭火应急救援协作网络的概念,并分析跨区域灭火应急救援协作网络在跨区域灭火应急救援工作中的功能与作用,最后提出了跨区域灭火应急救援协作网络的结构框架及运行机制。结果表明:协作网络与跨区域灭火应急救援工作相结合具有重要意义,今后的工作重点应是研究构建跨区域灭火应急救援协作网络的影响因素、可行性、实用性以及相关配套设施和宏观运行环境等。     

Cost-Effective Mitigation of Diffuse Pollution: Setting Criteria for River Basin Management at Multiple Locations

A case study of the Yorkshire Derwent (UK) catchment is used to illustrate an integrated approach for assessing the viability of policy options for reducing diffuse nitrate losses to waterbodies. For a range of options, modeling methods for simulating river nitrate levels are combined with techniques for estimating the economic costs to agriculture of modifying those levels. By incorporating spatially explicit data and information on catchment residence times (which may span many decades particularly in areas of groundwater discharge) a method is developed for efficient spatial targeting of measures, for example, to the most at-risk freshwater environments. Combining hydrological and economic findings, the analysis reveals that, in terms of cost-effectiveness, the ranking of options is highly sensitive to both (i) whether or not specific stretches of river within a catchment are regarded as a priority for protection, and (ii) the criterion of nitrate concentration deemed most appropriate as an indicator of the health of the environment. Therefore, given the focus under European legislation upon ecological status of freshwaters, these conclusions highlight the need to improve understanding of mechanistic linkages between the chemical and biological dynamics of aquatic systems.     

Major Ionic Composition of Aerosol, Rainwater and its Impact on Surface and Sub-surface Waters, in and Around Mangalore, West Coast of India

Mining activities in Rakha copper mine (Jharkhand, India) were ceased in the year 2001, leaving a huge amount of untreated tailings in the nearby tailings pond. The copper tailings contained high concentrations of heavy metals (total Cu, Ni concentrations 1779, 564 mgkg⁻¹, respectively), and low contents of major nutrient elements and organic matter. Tailings are often very unstable, and a potential vegetation cover may reduce the erosion or immobilize the toxicants to surrounding environment by phytostabilization. However, high shoot concentrations of elements might disperse them and could be harmful to grazing animals. The objective of this study was to find out which of the three properties; low-accumulation, root accumulation or shoot accumulation of elements (Cu, Ni, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd and Co), occur in the semi aquatic species Ammania baccifera growing on copper tailings. Roots of this species accumulated high levels of Cu, even more than 1000 mg kg⁻¹, DW. Metals accumulated by A. baccifera were mostly distributed in root tissues, suggesting that an exclusion strategy for metal tolerance widely exists in them. Thus, establishment of such plant on copper tailings can be a safe method to stabilize the metals.     

WF-8型在线富集进样器应用于水中痕量CuPbCd测定的研究

用 WF 8型在线富集进样器与火焰原子吸收光度计联用 ,应用于水中痕量 Cu、Pb、Cd的测定 ,其富集倍数分别是 1 2 2、1 3 6和 94倍 ,测定的精密度分别是 3 7%、2 8%和 3 9% ,检出限分别是 0 4 7、1 3和 0 2 2μg L,在地表水样中的加标回收率分别为 94 2 %～ 1 0 0 %、98 8%～ 1 0 7%和 1 0 8%～ 1 2 0 % ,并对 WF 8型进样器与火焰原子吸收光度计的成功联用 ,提出了一种新操作程序。     

A framework to guide the conservation of species hybrids based on ethical and ecological considerations

Species hybrids have long been undervalued in conservation and are often perceived as a threat to pure species. Recently, the conservation value of hybrids, especially those of natural origin, has gained recognition; however, hybrid conservation remains controversial. We reviewed hybrid management policies, including laws, regulations, and management protocols, from a variety of organizations, primarily in Canada and the United States. We found that many policies are based on limited ethical and ecological considerations and provide little opportunity for hybrid conservation. In most policies, hybrids are either unrepresented or considered a threat to conservation goals. This is problematic because our review of the hybrid conservation literature identified many ethical and ecological considerations relevant to determining the conservation value of a hybrid, all of which are management‐context specific. We also noted a lack of discussion of the ethical considerations regarding hybrid conservation. Based on these findings, we created a policy framework outlining situations in which hybrids could be eligible for conservation in Canada and the United States. The framework comprises a decision tree that helps users determine whether a hybrid should be eligible for conservation based on multiple ecological and ethical considerations. The framework may be applied to any hybrid and is flexible in that it accommodates context‐specific management by allowing different options if a hybrid is a threat to or could benefit conservation goals. The framework can inform policy makers and conservationists in decision‐making processes regarding hybrid conservation by providing a systematic set of decision criteria and guidance on additional criteria to be considered in cases of uncertainty, and it fills a policy gap that limits current hybrid management.     

No Sustainability without Technical,Fiscal and Social Innovation

Abstract

Migration process has become increasingly important in recent research on population and the environment. A majority of the existing migration and environment literature has focused on the environmental causes and determinants of migration. With the largest rural-to-urban migration flow in world history, and growing concerns about the environmental problems accompanying its fast economic development, China provides a particularly important case for migration and environment research. This paper reviews major migration theories and recent research on environmental effects on migration, with specific attention to the influences of environmental factors on rural-to-urban labor migration in China. A comprehensive multilevel conceptual framework is developed for studying the environmental causes of rural-to-urban migration in China. The effects of land resources on household labor migration decisions in rural China are explored to illustrate the application of this framework.