上海市重大危险源监控和应急救援信息系统建设方案研究

通过对上海市安全生产"十一五"发展规划中重大科研攻关项目重大危险源监控和应急救援信息系统建设方案的研究,对整个系统的总体框架的搭建进行了初步探索。整个系统总体框架以企业安全生产管理系统、数据分析评估系统、事故应急救援指挥系统、GIS空间数据管理系统和GIS地理统计分析系统5大部分构成,辅以国际上先进的风险评估软件,使信息系统的建设更具先进性,为上海市预防和遏制重特大事故的发生,提高应急能力提供了保障条件。     

Cu暴露条件下翡翠贻贝（Perna viridis）消化腺内金属和类金属硫蛋白的变化

通过室内急性暴露实验研究了翡翠贻贝（Perna viridis）消化腺富集Cu及其MTLP （metallothionein like protein）水平随时间的变化规律.结果表明,2种Cu浓度暴露条件下（12.7 μg/L和63.5 μg/L）,贻贝消化腺内Cu的平均吸收速率分别为2.045和7.028 μg·（g·d）^-1,富集系数分别为2 074和1 619.实验测定了所有样本的溶解态Cu与总Cu含量,2个暴露组二者的比值随时间呈现出不同的变化趋势,低浓度组先降低随后上升到与对照样本几乎相同的水平,而高浓度组一直呈下降趋势,表明不同污染程度生物体内金属消化机制进程存在差异.利用Brdicka极谱法测定了贻贝消化腺内MTLP的含量,对照组贻贝消化腺的MTLP平均含量为（0.551±0.037）mg/g;12.7 μg/L Cu暴露组MTLP含量随时间的变化范围是0.407～0.699 mg/g,而63.5 μg/L Cu暴露组在暴露初始MTLP水平就显著增加（p<0.001）,变化范围由初始0.942 mg/g降至0.826 mg/g.分析结果表明贻贝消化腺内的MTLP水平随着水体及生物体内的金属含量升高而增加,并与体内Cu浓度成明显的负指数增长关系（p<0.000 1）.     

Empirical research on construction of a measurement framework for tourism carbon emission in China

According to the logic process of carbon reduction in China which arises from the measurement to reduction, from reduction to offsetting, the measurement of carbon emission in the tourism industry was the first and key step. Based on the life cycle assessment theory and input–output analysis, this article used economic and environmental measurement technologies, The System of National Accounting (SNA), Tourism Satellite Account (TSA), System of Integrated Environment and Economic Accounting (SEEA), and so on, and built up a top-down carbon emission analysis framework for the tourism industry and estimated carbon emission of the tourism industry in China in 2007. The finding showed that the total carbon emission of the tourism industry in China in 2007 was 169.78 million tons, covering 2.71% of carbon emission of all industries in China in 2007, and 2.44% of the total carbon emission in China in 2007. The direct carbon emission of the tourism industry in China in 2007 was 73.56 million tons, including transportation (50.14 million tons), sightseeing (1.33 million tons), lodging (4.19 million tons), accommodation (4.73 million tons), shopping (8.14 million tons), entertainment (0.67 million tons), communication (0.45 million tons), and others (3.90 million tons). The indirect carbon emission of the tourism industry in China in 2007 was 96.23 million tons, mostly contributed by coking, gas, and petroleum processing industries, transportation and warehousing industry, machinery and equipment manufacturing industry, and food manufacturing and tobacco processing industry, which covered 57%.     

Synthesis of 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene-functionalized Amberlite XAD-4 resin: Applications for the separation and preconcentration of trace metal ions prior to their determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

A simple, sensitive column solid-phase extraction procedure for separation and preconcentration of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Cd(II) in spiked and natural water samples using 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene-functionalized Amberlite XAD-4 (XAD-4-DHN) chelating resin prior to their determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry was discussed. The optimum experimental parameters such as pH, volume of sample and eluent, flow-rates of uptake and stripping, and sorption capacity of the chelating resin, were evaluated. The effect of the electrolytes and the cations on the preconcentration of metal ions was also investigated. The chelating resin could be reused for more than 20 cycles of sorption–desorption without any significant change (<1.0%). Recoveries obtained from this method range from 96 to 102% with R.S.D of 2.50 (n = 4). The detection limits for Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Cd(II) were found to be 1.9, 0.9, 1.2 µg, and 1.4 µg L^?1, respectively. The proposed method was applied for the determination of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Cd(II) in spiked, tap water, and river water samples.     

Framing environmental indicators: moving from causal chains to causal networks

In recent years, there has been a boom in environmental assessment reports utilizing environmental indicators. Most of these publications are based on the casual chain frameworks (e.g., Pressure–State–Response (PSR), Driving force–State–Response (DSR), and Driving force–Pressure–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR)). These frameworks have made an important contribution by emphasising the importance of causality. However, the reliance on simple uni-directional chains is at the same time not very conducive to a good understanding of the complexity of the processes behind environmental indicators. This limits the usefulness of these frameworks for environmental (impact) assessments. In this paper we propose an enhanced DPSIR (eDPSIR) framework for environmental indicators that takes inter-relations of indicators into account by relying on the use of causal networks rather than causal chains. It will be shown how the concept of causal networks can increase insight into the inter-relation of environmental issues and associated indicators, can facilitate the identification of key indicators for particular kinds of questions, and can provide a useful first step to the establishment of dose–response functions. Working with causal networks can contribute to more appropriate environmental policies and better management decisions.     

WF-8型在线富集进样器应用于水中痕量CuPbCd测定的研究

用 WF 8型在线富集进样器与火焰原子吸收光度计联用 ,应用于水中痕量 Cu、Pb、Cd的测定 ,其富集倍数分别是 1 2 2、1 3 6和 94倍 ,测定的精密度分别是 3 7%、2 8%和 3 9% ,检出限分别是 0 4 7、1 3和 0 2 2μg L,在地表水样中的加标回收率分别为 94 2 %～ 1 0 0 %、98 8%～ 1 0 7%和 1 0 8%～ 1 2 0 % ,并对 WF 8型进样器与火焰原子吸收光度计的成功联用 ,提出了一种新操作程序。     

Cost-Effective Mitigation of Diffuse Pollution: Setting Criteria for River Basin Management at Multiple Locations

A case study of the Yorkshire Derwent (UK) catchment is used to illustrate an integrated approach for assessing the viability of policy options for reducing diffuse nitrate losses to waterbodies. For a range of options, modeling methods for simulating river nitrate levels are combined with techniques for estimating the economic costs to agriculture of modifying those levels. By incorporating spatially explicit data and information on catchment residence times (which may span many decades particularly in areas of groundwater discharge) a method is developed for efficient spatial targeting of measures, for example, to the most at-risk freshwater environments. Combining hydrological and economic findings, the analysis reveals that, in terms of cost-effectiveness, the ranking of options is highly sensitive to both (i) whether or not specific stretches of river within a catchment are regarded as a priority for protection, and (ii) the criterion of nitrate concentration deemed most appropriate as an indicator of the health of the environment. Therefore, given the focus under European legislation upon ecological status of freshwaters, these conclusions highlight the need to improve understanding of mechanistic linkages between the chemical and biological dynamics of aquatic systems.     

浅析通信舱室组合机柜电气和结构可靠性设计

本文主要讨论军用通信舱室组合机柜电气和结构设计方面的基本技术要求,并在可靠性设计方面提出了相关的要求。     

Major Ionic Composition of Aerosol, Rainwater and its Impact on Surface and Sub-surface Waters, in and Around Mangalore, West Coast of India

Mining activities in Rakha copper mine (Jharkhand, India) were ceased in the year 2001, leaving a huge amount of untreated tailings in the nearby tailings pond. The copper tailings contained high concentrations of heavy metals (total Cu, Ni concentrations 1779, 564 mgkg⁻¹, respectively), and low contents of major nutrient elements and organic matter. Tailings are often very unstable, and a potential vegetation cover may reduce the erosion or immobilize the toxicants to surrounding environment by phytostabilization. However, high shoot concentrations of elements might disperse them and could be harmful to grazing animals. The objective of this study was to find out which of the three properties; low-accumulation, root accumulation or shoot accumulation of elements (Cu, Ni, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd and Co), occur in the semi aquatic species Ammania baccifera growing on copper tailings. Roots of this species accumulated high levels of Cu, even more than 1000 mg kg⁻¹, DW. Metals accumulated by A. baccifera were mostly distributed in root tissues, suggesting that an exclusion strategy for metal tolerance widely exists in them. Thus, establishment of such plant on copper tailings can be a safe method to stabilize the metals.     

测定甲基托布津的分光光度法的研究

用Ｃｕ＾２＋和甲基托布津在氨碱性条件下作用产生沉淀,离心分离未反应的Ｃｒ＾２＋,经ＣＯ显色剂在柠檬酸缓冲液中显色后,测定溶液中的Ｃｒ＾２＋浓度可间接求得甲基托布律的含量。此方法简便快捷,且可进行微量测定。用本方法与络合滴定法做对照试验。结果能很好的符合。