固定食用菌加工废弃物对废水中重金属Cu2+的吸附性能

用聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钠(PVA-SA)将金针菇(Flammulina velutipes)、毛木耳(Auricularia polytricha)、杏鲍菇(Pleurotus eryngii)和平菇(Pleurotus ostreatus)加工废弃物固定制成吸附小球,研究初始p H值、反应时间对Cu~(2+)吸附的影响及吸附特性,并应用到实际废水的处理中。结果表明:固定金针菇、毛木耳、杏鲍菇和平菇废弃物吸附小球的最大吸附率分别为81.3%、60.8%、42.8%和50.0%;伪二级动力学模型比颗粒内扩散模型能更好地描述固定食用菌加工废弃物吸附小球对Cu~(2+)的吸附过程;固定金针菇、毛木耳和平菇废弃物吸附小球的等温吸附过程与Langmuir等温模型拟合度高,吸附过程主要是单层吸附,固定杏鲍菇废弃物小球的等温吸附过程则更符合Freundlich等温模型;扫描电镜(SEM)分析显示,固定金针菇废弃物吸附小球吸附Cu~(2+)后,细胞壁增厚,细胞壁上形成了明显的Cu~(2+)无机沉淀或晶体,表现为物理性吸附。研究表明,固定金针菇废弃物吸附小球对自然废水中Cu~(2+)的去除率为73.11%,具有一定的实际应用价值。     

Energy neutrality potential of wastewater treatment plants: A novel evaluation framework integrating energy efficiency and recovery

• Framework of indicators was established based on energy efficiency and recovery. • Energy neutrality potential of 970 wastewater treatment plants was evaluated. • Analysis of characteristics and explanatory factors was carried out. • Pathways for improving the energy neutrality potential were proposed. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) consume large amounts of energy and emit greenhouse gases to remove pollutants. This study proposes a framework for evaluating the energy neutrality potential (ENP) of WWTPs from an integrated perspective. Operational data of 970 WWTPs in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) were extracted from the China Urban Drainage Yearbook 2018. The potential chemical and thermal energies were estimated using combined heat and power (CHP) and water source heat pump, respectively. Two key performance indicators (KPIs) were then established: the energy self-sufficiency (ESS) indicator, which reflects the offset degree of energy recovery, and the comprehensive water–energy efficiency (CWEE) indicator, which characterizes the efficiency of water–energy conversion. For the qualitative results, 98 WWTPs became the benchmark (i.e., CWEE= 1.000), while 112 WWTPs were fully self-sufficient (i.e., ESS≥100%). Subsequently, four types of ENP were classified by setting the median values of the two KPIs as the critical value. The WWTPs with high ENP had high net thermal energy values and relatively loose discharge limits. The explanatory factor analysis of water quantity and quality verified the existence of scale economies. Sufficient carbon source and biodegradability condition were also significant factors. As the CWEE indicator was mostly sensitive to the input of CHP, future optimization shall focus on the moisture and organic content of sludge. This study proposes a novel framework for evaluating the ENP of WWTPs. The results can provide guidance for optimizing the energy efficiency and recovery of WWTPs.     

共沉淀法制备铜系催化剂及其稳定性的研究

主要介绍了利用共沉淀方法制备铜系催化剂,并考察了制备过程中各个工艺参数对铜系催化剂稳定性的影响。通过优化催化剂的设计和制备方法,可有效地改善Cu2+的溶出问题,使该类催化剂具有广阔的应用前景。     

Catchment–coastal zone interaction based upon scenario and model analysis: Elbe and the German Bight case study

This paper presents a holistic strategy on the interaction of activities in the Elbe river basin and their effects on eutrophication in the coastal waters of the German Bight. This catchment–coastal zone interaction is the main target of the EUROCAT (EUROpean CATchments, catchment changes and their impact on the coast) research project, with the Elbe being one of eight case studies. The definition of socio-economic scenarios is linked with the application of models to evaluate measures in the catchment by estimation of nutrient emissions with MONERIS (MOdelling Nutrient Emissions in RIver Systems), and their effects on coastal waters with the ecosystem model ERSEM (European Regional Seas Ecosystem Model). The cost effectiveness of reduction measures will then be evaluated by application of the CENER model (Cost-Effective Nutrient Emission Reduction) and a multi-criteria analysis. Finally, the interpretation of ecological integrity is used as a measure to describe ecological impacts in an aggregated form.     

乌梁素海湿地生态修复总体框架研究

以乌梁素海湿地生态修复为目标,在分析区域经济结构、流域生态环境与乌粱素海物理形态演变的基础上,明确了乌梁素海生态环境保护目标,提出乌梁素海湿地生态环境修复的措施.结果显示:巴彦淖尔市第二产业中一些污染较重的行业在经济结构中占有较大的比例;黄河过境可支配取水量不足;乌梁素海水体面积呈现溃缩状态且水质较差;乌梁素海生态环境修复应从区域产业结构转型、生态补水、区域农业、工业污染源削减及加强流域生态管理五个角度考虑.     

金属有机骨架材料对水中有机酸的吸附性能

制备了MIL-100(Fe)、MIL-100(Cr)和NH_2-MIL-101(Al)3种金属有机骨架(MOFs)材料,考察了这3种MOFs材料对苯甲酸、水杨酸和山梨酸3种有机酸模拟废水的吸附处理效果,并与大孔吸附树脂D101进行了比较。实验结果表明:NH_2-MIL-101(Al)对苯甲酸的平衡吸附量最大,D101平衡吸附量中等,MIL-100(Cr)和MIL-100(Fe)平衡吸附量很小;NH_2-MIL-101(Al)对山梨酸具有优异的吸附性能,MIL-100(Cr)、MIL-100(Fe)和D101对山梨酸的平衡吸附量较低;3种MOFs材料和D101对水杨酸的平衡吸附量均很小。NH_2-MIL-101(Al)对山梨酸和苯甲酸的等温吸附过程可用Langmuir方程更好地拟合;NH_2-MIL-101(Al)对水杨酸的等温吸附过程可用Freundlich方程更好地拟合。     

多重金属富集植物李氏禾体内铜的化学形态研究

为了探明李氏禾对铜的吸收和解毒两个关键过程机理,采取逐级提取法对李氏禾中的铜的赋存形态以及其不同组织部位中的总铜进行了分析测定,研究结果表明:李氏禾对铜以根系吸收为主,其滞留率平均为91.47%。李氏禾根细胞组分中,乙醇提取态(F_1)和醋酸提取态(F_4)中的铜含量占大多数,占总量的60%~80%;李氏禾叶片中,乙醇提取态的Cu作为主要存在形态,所占比例最低的为水溶态铜含量(F_2)。此外,与李氏禾富集Cr相比,由于Cr的低生物利用导致李氏禾根细胞中Cr的赋存形态不同,其高浓度的Cr存在于李氏禾根残留态(F_6)当中。因此,李氏禾对铜虽不具备超富集能力,但其具备把铜大量吸附和积累到李氏禾根系的能力,搭配上其生长迅速,分布广泛的特点,使其在重金属修复上有着广阔的应用前景。     

Cu/Cu_2O材料的制备及形貌调控研究

目的一步制备和调控Cu/Cu_2O材料。方法采用水热法合成Cu/Cu_2O材料,通过改变反应时间、温度,原料投料量以及乙醇和水混合溶液中溶剂比等参数来调控Cu/Cu_2O复合材料的晶体形貌和Cu含量。结果增加氨水和甲酸使用量会明显提升Cu/Cu_2O复合材料中的Cu含量,硝酸铜和混合溶液(乙醇+水)中水量增加会使Cu/Cu_2O复合材料中Cu含量减少,而反应时间和反应温度均不会使复合材料中Cu量发生变化。氨水和甲酸使用量的增加,会使样品从菜花状、正八面体或十二面体向类球状转变。而硝酸铜和混合溶液(乙醇+水)中水量增加恰好使得样品形貌向相反方向变化。另外,反应温度过高会使得晶体向正八面体转变并且逐渐出现孔隙。结论通过改变样品合成参数可成功调控Cu/Cu_2O复合材料中Cu含量和形貌。     

排污权交易试点总体工作框架研究

通过调研分析排污权交易试点省市的业务工作,对省级排污权交易管理工作进行研究阐述,从整体的角度提出排污权交易管理工作的目标定位、总体工作框架和数据逻辑,提出排污权交易目前需要解决的重点问题,为排污权交易由试点转向全国推广积累经验.     

Synthesis of 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene-functionalized Amberlite XAD-4 resin: Applications for the separation and preconcentration of trace metal ions prior to their determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

A simple, sensitive column solid-phase extraction procedure for separation and preconcentration of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Cd(II) in spiked and natural water samples using 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene-functionalized Amberlite XAD-4 (XAD-4-DHN) chelating resin prior to their determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry was discussed. The optimum experimental parameters such as pH, volume of sample and eluent, flow-rates of uptake and stripping, and sorption capacity of the chelating resin, were evaluated. The effect of the electrolytes and the cations on the preconcentration of metal ions was also investigated. The chelating resin could be reused for more than 20 cycles of sorption–desorption without any significant change (<1.0%). Recoveries obtained from this method range from 96 to 102% with R.S.D of 2.50 (n = 4). The detection limits for Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Cd(II) were found to be 1.9, 0.9, 1.2 µg, and 1.4 µg L^?1, respectively. The proposed method was applied for the determination of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Cd(II) in spiked, tap water, and river water samples.