Differential responses in American (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Castanea dentata</Emphasis> Marshall) and Chinese (<Emphasis Type="Italic">C. mollissima</Emphasis> Blume) chestnut (Falales: Fagaceae) to foliar application of jasmonic acid

Summary.  Tannins are plant defense compounds that exhibit antibiotic (e.g. toxic) and antixenotic (e.g. repellent) effects against an array of plant pests. They are broadly divided into two major groups, hydrolysable tannins (gallotannins and ellagitannins) and proanthocyanidins, each with an undetermined number of compounds. We investigated constitutive levels of hydrolysable tannins and proanthocyanidins in the leaves and stems of American (Castanea dentata Marshall) (Fagales: Fagaceae) and Chinese (C. mollissima Blume) chestnut. American chestnut contained more proanthocyanidins in leaves and stems than Chinese chestnut, but Chinese chestnut contained more foliar hydrolysable tannins. Regardless of these differences, gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L, Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) performance did not differ when fed American and Chinese chestnuts. We also investigated the effects of jasmonic acid (JA) treatment on differential tannin induction in American and Chinese chestnut leaves and stems. JA treatment increased proanthocyanidins in American chestnut stems and hydrolysable tannins in both tissue types of American chestnut, but did not influence tannin concentrations in Chinese chestnut leaves or stems. HPLC-ESI-MS analysis of pooled samples suggested that hydrolysable tannins in each tissue were qualitatively comprised primarily of ellagitannins, and JA generally increased the number of hydrolysable tannins that could be detected by ESI-MS. Third, we investigated the performance of gypsy moths on JA treated and untreated American and Chinese chestnut. Caterpillar relative growth was not influenced by JA treatment on Chinese chestnut, but decreased in response to JA application on American chestnut. Our results indicate that JA-dependent defenses differ between these chestnut species. This study improves our understanding of ecologically important differences in tannin induction and herbivore susceptibility in Castanea, and has important implications in efforts for American chestnut restoration and commercial chestnut production.     

水杨酸对梨叶感染轮纹菌后脂肪酸、叶绿素荧光参数和叶绿体超微结构的影响

用0.3 mmol L-1水杨酸预先处理梨叶片,3 d后接种轮纹病菌(Physalospora Piricola Nose),接种3 d后开始测定各种指标,随后每隔3 d测定1次,共5次.结果表明,经SA处理的梨叶片,感染轮纹病菌后不饱和脂肪酸含量(UFA)、不饱和脂肪酸指数(IUFA)、叶绿素含量、原初光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、光合电子传递量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)比未经SA处理的相应提高;非光化学猝灭系数(qN)比未经SA处理的相应下降.电镜观察表明,部分叶绿体膨大,变形;基粒片层弯曲、散开;淀粉粒数量减少;经SA处理后,症状减轻.图3表1参20     

Effects of simulated acid rain on fertility of litchi

The regulatory role of calcium in fertility of pollen and pistil under simulated acid rain was investigated. The germination percentage of pollen treated with acid rain of pH 4.5 was 9.42% lower than that of control, and that of pH 3.5, pH 2.5 and pH 1.5 were 22.47%, 45.49% and 71.62%, respectively. Simultaneously, the injury character of pollen was obviously observed when flowers were treated with acid rain of pH 3.5. The difference in fruit setting rate between the female flower treated with acid rain of pH 4.0 and the control was significant at p 〈 0.05. Ca（NO3 ）5 of 0.2-0.4 mmol/L could promote pollen germination under the stress of acid rain. The beneficial function was reduced when calcium concentration surpassed 0.8 mmol/L. Spraying 2 mmol/L Ca（NO3 ）5 reduced the injury of acid rain to pistil and increased fruit-setting rate significantly. The physiological importance of calcium during pollen germination and pistil development was also discussed.     

H2O浓度对强电离放电等离子体脱硫影响研究

脱除SO2过程中,H2O起着重要作用,采用强电场电离、分解H2O,生成的强氧化剂OH·将SO2直接氧化成H2SO4。就H2O浓度对强电离放电脱硫的影响进行了实验研究。结果表明,H2O浓度的越高则SO2脱除率越高;改变H2O浓度可以在不同流量下取得相同的脱硫效果;也可以根据H2O浓度来控制等离子体反应时间从而提高脱硫效果;SO2脱除率最高可达100%。     

Al13去除水中腐殖酸的混凝作用机理

研究对比了Al13、不同碱化度的聚合氯化铝(PACl)及工业聚合氯化铝等去除水中腐殖酸的絮凝特征,从Zeta电位、RT(余浊)、UV254等角度分别考察了pH值和投药量的影响,对不同形态组成絮凝剂的混凝效能有了进一步明确的认识,并且对Al13的絮凝机理进行了有益的探索．结果表明,Al13是混凝过程中的优势形态,决定着混凝剂的电中和能力．     

乙酸对硅酸聚合胶凝及形态分布的影响

要研究了硅酸在不同pH条件下,乙酸存在时的形态分布及转化特征．结果表明：当硅酸溶液中有乙酸存在时,硅酸的聚合胶凝时间将延长．从而证实了乙酸的存在,能有效地减缓硅酸溶液中聚硅酸的生长速度．     

酸胁迫条件下对番茄生长、产量和品质的影响

通过盆栽试验研究了酸胁迫对番茄的生长、产量和品质影响.结果表明:在一定的酸胁迫强度下,番茄生长期明显延长;除5号处理(pH<3.5时)番茄的生长发育受到严重的抑制外,其余各处理植株的株高、茎叶干重和根长均高于对照植株;随着酸胁迫强度的加强,各处理植株的产量、成熟果率和维生素C含量随之下降,但番茄的可溶性糖量却增加;果实的总酸度与酸胁迫强度关系不大.     

生化黄腐酸对污染水体生物修复的强化作用

研究了生化黄腐酸（BFA）对污染水体生物修复的强化作用。生化黄腐酸能提高水体中微生物活性,加快微生物对目标污染物的降解。在污染水体生物修复强化作用的试验中,投加生化黄腐酸,CODCr、NH3-N、TP和浊度的去除率分别增加了29．47％、20．61％、35％和19．86％,同时有利于水体DO的提升。     

MBR+CSTR联合工艺处理精对苯二甲酸生产废水

通过MBR＋CSTR两段好氧法对精对苯二甲酸生产废水进行处理,取得了令人满意的结果。经过MBR反应器,CODCr由5000mg／L降为500mg／L以下,并且很好地控制了系统pH的上升。在CSTR反应器中CODe。能降至35mg／L,达到国家污水综合排放一级标准（GB8978-1996）。     

非定态SO2制酸工艺在铅精矿烧结烟气治理中的应用

介绍了非定态SO2制酸工艺的特点、流程及其在铅精矿烧结烟气治理中的应用效果.该工艺具有良好的社会效益、环境效益和较好的经济效益,具有较高的推广应用价值.