Study on superoxide and hydroxyl radicals generated in indirect electrochemical oxidation by chemiluminescence and UV-Visible spectra

The generation and transformation of radicals on the cathode of indirect electrochemical oxidation were studied by chemilumines- cence(CL)and UV-Visible spectra in the reactor with a salt bridge that connected the separated chambers.The CL intensity of 4×10~(-9)mol/L luminol on the cathode with bubbling oxygen was about seven times that of the intensity without it,which was because of the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).The existence of ROS,especially the generation of the superoxide radical,c...     

Detection of hydroxyl radical in plasma reaction on toluene removal

A new method was introduced to detect the concentration of OH radical in dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)reaction.A film, which was impregnated with salicylic acid,was used to detect OH radical in plasma reaction at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.Salicylic acid reacts with OH radical and produces 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid(2,5-DHBA).Then,a high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was carried out to detect the concentration of 2,5-DHBA.Therefore,OH radical in nonthermal plasma reaction could be...     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤样品中的痕量硒元素

随着电感耦合等离子体质谱技术的发展,准确测定环境样品中的痕量硒元素含量越来越受到关注。质量数76、78、80和82的硒元素受氩的多原子干扰非常严重,必须进行校正才能得到满意的结果。利用动态反应池模式对土壤样品的测定条件进行条件优化,将Cell Gas从0.3～0.7ml/min步幅0.1ml/min、RPQ从0.45～0.7步幅0.05进行同步优化,最终确定针对消解样品的Cell Gas为0.5ml/min,RPQ为0.45,78Se是最佳的测定同位素。通过石墨电热赶酸仪赶酸,适当稀释控制可溶性固体量,在线加入103Rh内标来克服基线漂移,提高了分析方法的准确性。2%甲醇的加入提高了硒在电感耦合等离子体中的离子化强度,在一定程度上增强了低浓度的响应值。根据国家标准参考物质的分析结果评价方法的准确性,证实所建立的方法简便、准确、快速。     

电凝聚臭氧化耦合工艺的二级出水处理特性与机理研究

构建电凝聚臭氧化耦合工艺对城市污水处理厂二级出水进行深度处理,研究了不同初始pH值、臭氧投加量和电流密度对二级出水处理效果的影响.结果表明,当初始pH值为5、臭氧投加量为1.5 mg·mg^-1、电流密度为15 mA·cm^-2时,该工艺处理效果达到最佳,二级出水中溶解性有机物的去除率可达到58.6%.与单独电絮凝和臭氧氧化工艺相比,耦合工艺对有机物有更好的去除效果.由于金属盐水解产物可以作为臭氧化的催化剂,为了甄别其活性点位,将磷酸盐引入体系中,结果表明磷酸盐占据了混凝剂水解产物表面的羟基,从而阻碍了臭氧与水解铝盐混凝剂之间的反应,使得有机物的去除率降低,傅立叶红外(FT-IR)分析的结果进一步证明表面羟基是产生的铝盐混凝剂催化臭氧化的活性点位.为了进一步明确该耦合工艺去除溶解性有机物的机理,选择对氯苯甲酸(pCBA)探针法间接证明和电子顺磁共振(EPR)实验直接证明体系中羟基自由基(·OH)的存在,结果表明,电凝聚臭氧化耦合工艺较单独臭氧氧化工艺产生了更多的·OH,说明电絮凝产生的铝盐混凝剂水解产物可以作为催化剂催化臭氧产生·OH,提升体系对...     

城市污水二级处理出水中不同种类PPCPs的臭氧氧化效果与机制研究

研究了臭氧氧化对城市污水二级处理出水中15种典型药品和个人护理品(PPCPs)的去除效果及O₃分子氧化和·OH自由基氧化的贡献.结果表明,PPCPs的臭氧氧化去除效果与其亲核官能结构特性相关,芳香胺结构为主的PPCPs易降解,烷基胺结构为主的PPCPs可部分降解,亲核特性较弱的双键为主的PPCPs难降解;在臭氧投加量为5.5 mg·L^-1条件下,这3类PPCPs的去除率为分别为大于95%、57%～68%和39%～57%.臭氧氧化过程中,O₃分子氧化和·OH自由基氧化均起重要作用.易降解PPCPs的氧化机制以O₃分子氧化为主,贡献率为82%～91%;可降解和难降解PPCPs的氧化机制以·OH自由基氧化为主,贡献率分别为48%～71%和66%～94%.二级出水中臭氧氧化过程中,UVA₂₅₄去除率可呈单线性或分段线性指示PPCPs的去除效率.     

Applications of thermal hazard analyses on process safety assessments

In 2011, a large petrochemical complex in Taiwan incurred several fire and explosion accidents, which had considerable negative impact for the industry on both environmental and safety issues. Reactive substances are widely used in many chemical industrial fields as an initiator, hardeners, or cross-linking agents of radical polymerization process with unsaturated monomer. However, the unpredictable factors during the process having risk to runaway reaction, thermal explosion, fire, and exposure to harmful toxic chemicals release due to the huge heat and gas products by thermal decomposition could not be removed from the process. This study used differential technology of thermal analysis to characterize the inherent hazard behaviors of azo compounds and organic peroxides in the process, to seek the elimination of the source of the harmful effects and achieve the best process safety practices with zero disaster and sound business continuity plan.     

Contribution of a New PCR assay to the prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay has been developed for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii. The target sequence (88 bp) is part of a rDNA repetitive gene. A signal can be observed with only one parasite. It is directly and rapidly detected by electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. We report a prospective study of 80 documented cases of toxoplasmic seroconversions during pregnancy. The PCR assay of the amniotic fluids was compared with the current standard methods for diagnosis of fetal infection. Seventy specimens gave no PCR signal, and were negative according to prenatal tests and postnatal examinations. The presence of T. gondii was detected in ten specimens by PCR analysis. Four were confirmed by isolation of the parasite from the amniotic fluid; four by biological study of the fetal blood. For the remaining two, infection was diagnosed after birth. Together with ultrasonographic and biological data, this technique permits prenatal diagnosis within 1 day.     

用树脂—半透膜囊对水环境中有效态金属含量进行长期监测I、树脂—半透膜囊对铜的吸附及不同树脂的差别

在实验室条件下，研究了阳离子交换树脂－半透膜囊对水中游离态铜的吸附作用，比较了装填不同型号树脂的半透膜囊的吸附过程。研究结果表明，在常量阳离子含量较铜离子含量高三个数量级的条件下，所研究树脂都能选择性地吸附铜，其中Ｃｈｅｌｅｘ１００与ＡｍｂｅｒｌｉｔｅＩＲ－１２０树脂对铜的亲和性最强。吸附过程在数十天内呈线住，且远未饱和。藻类、细菌及各类杂质的存在对吸附过程有明显影响。