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191.
192.
Comparison of China’s Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Law with the European Union (EU) EIA Directive 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper, we first review the development of China’s Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) system in the past 30 years.
Then we compare the framework and operational procedures of China’s new EIA law with those of the EU EIA Directive. We also
compare public participation, as well as sanctions and control in the two EIA systems. In addition, we identify where the
processes in both EIA systems are similar or different from one another. By comparison, we noted that there are at least three
obvious weaknesses in China’s EIA system: (1) the application of new models for EIA legislation; (2) the improvement of EIA
guidance and education; and (3) the enhancement of public participation in EIA process. Our study indicates that these three
major shortcomings should be overcome and improved in China’s EIA system, when compared with the EU EIA system. 相似文献
193.
194.
Uncertainty plays a major role in Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM). A large part of this uncertainty is connected
to our lack of knowledge of the integrated functioning of the coastal system and to the increasing need to act in a pro-active
way. Increasingly, coastal managers are forced to take decisions based on information which is surrounded by uncertainties.
Different types of uncertainty can be identified and the role of uncertainty in decision making, scientific uncertainty and
model uncertainty in ICZM is discussed. The issue of spatial variability, which is believed to be extremely important in ICZM
and represents a primary source of complexity and uncertainty, is also briefly introduced. Some principles for complex model
building are described as an approach to handle, in a balanced way, the available data, information, knowledge and experience.
The practical method of sensitivity analysis is then introduced as a method for a posterior evaluation of uncertainty in simulation
models. We conclude by emphasising the need for the definition of an analysis plan in order to handle model uncertainty in
a balanced way during the decision making process. 相似文献
195.
Public private partnerships (PPPs) allow the Indian Government to leverage private capital for meeting the widening demand-supply gap in the provision of infrastructure services. The private sector, however, prefers to limit the participation to financially attractive projects only, thereby resulting in patterns of infrastructure creation impeding the progress towards sustainable development. In order to promote sustainable development, the PPP procurement process should focus on incentivising the private sector for sustainable infrastructure development rather than concentrating on ensuring financial sustainability only. This paper discusses the principles-based PPP-specific framework that has been developed to facilitate assessment of PPP projects' progress towards sustainable development. The framework development was based on a holistic approach to sustainability assessment and subsequently validated through questionnaire survey with key stakeholders in the Indian PPP programme. This framework will provide the decision makers with appropriate decision aid for integration of sustainable development principles in the PPP procurement process. 相似文献
196.
Kan-Kan Wu 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2016,59(5):826-842
Environmental risk assessment (ERA) is a powerful technical tool for analyzing potential and extreme adverse environmental impacts, and has found wide application in supporting decision-making processes over the last two decades. However, to date there has been no interrelated application of ERA to support the processes of strategic decision-making (SDM), especially in coastal areas.
In this paper, we attempt to verify the feasibility of the proposed integrated ERA–SDM approach and its methodology by applying it to two case studies (in Xiamen Bay and Luoyuan Bay) of the principal coastal functional zoning (PCFZ, a kind of SDM and similar to the coastal and marine spatial planning in western). The results show that the integrated ERA–SDM approach could integrate ERA into the entire SDM process, directly support the PCFZ, and avoid or mitigate dire environmental risk that can be introduced by SDM processes. 相似文献
197.
采用自燃烧法制备了一组钙钛矿型复合氧化物La_(0.8)Ce_(0.2)Fe_(1-x)Co_xO_3(x=0.9,0.7,0.5,0.3,0.1),并考察了其对CO、C_3H_6和NO的三效催化活性。XRD和SEM表征结果显示,La_(0.8)Ce_(0.2)Fe_(1-x)Co_xO_3具有良好的钙钛矿型晶体结构,晶粒大小为纳米级并自组装成片状结构。催化剂的比表面积为14.73~22.43 m~2/g,含有微孔和介孔结构。催化活性评价结果表明:La_(0.8)Ce_(0.2)Fe_(0.1)Co_(0.9)O_3具有很好的三效催化活性,在理论空燃比的条件下,CO、C_3H_6和NO的起燃温度分别为195℃、264℃和290℃,完全转化温度分别为239℃、418℃和415℃,低温三效催化活性良好;Fe和Co的掺杂量同时影响着La_(0.8)Ce_(0.2)Fe_(1-x)Co_xO_3的催化效果。 相似文献
198.
Min-Yuan Cheng Yi-Hsu Ju Yu-Wei Wu Sylviana Sutanto 《International Journal of Green Energy》2016,13(15):1599-1607
Nowadays, biodiesel is used as one of the alternative renewable energy due to the increasing energy demand. However, optimum production of biodiesel still requires a huge number of expensive and time-consuming laboratory tests. To address the problem, this research develops a novel Genetic Algorithm-based Evolutionary Support Vector Machine (GA-ESIM). The GA-ESIM is an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based tool that combines K-means Chaotic Genetic Algorithm (KCGA) and Evolutionary Support Vector Machine Inference Model (ESIM). The ESIM is utilized as a supervised learning technique to establish a highly accurate prediction model between the input--output of biodiesel mixture properties; and the KCGA is used to perform the simulation to obtain the optimum mixture properties based on the prediction model. A real biodiesel experimental data is provided to validate the GA-ESIM performance. Our simulation results demonstrate that the GA-ESIM establishes a prediction model with better accuracy than other AI-based tool and thus obtains the mixture properties with the biodiesel yield of 99.9%, higher than the best experimental data record, 97.4%. 相似文献
199.
Continuous flow transesterification of waste frying oil (WFO) with methanol for the biodiesel production was tested in a laboratory scale jacketed reactive distillation (RD) unit packed with clam shell based CaO as solid catalyst. The physiochemical properties of the clam shell catalysts were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive Atomic X-ray Spectrometry (EDAX). The effects of the reactant flow rate, methanol-to-oil ratio, and catalyst bed height were studied to obtain the maximum methyl ester conversion. Reboiler temperature of 65°C was maintained throughout the process for product purification and the system reached the steady state at 7 hr. The experimental results revealed that the jacketed RD system packed with clam shell based CaO showed high catalytic activity for continuous production of biodiesel and a maximum methyl ester conversion of 94.41% was obtained at a reactant flow rate of 0.2 mL/min, methanol/oil ratio of 6:1, and catalyst bed height of 180 mm. 相似文献
200.
固体废物全过程管理中固体废物鉴别研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
对固体废物应进行全过程管理,固体废物鉴别是固体废物全过程管理的基础和关键,包括依据产生来源鉴别和过程鉴别两种方法,依据产生来源鉴别包括丧失原有利用价值的物质、在生产过程中产生的副产物、环境治理和污染控制过程中产生的物质、其他物质四类,在每一类中详细地列举了属于该产生来源的具体固体废物种类名称,便于理解和增强可操作性。过程鉴别包括在固体废物再生利用过程和处置过程中的固体废物鉴别两类,其中在再生利用过程的固体废物鉴别中明确指出了固体废物再生利用产物只有同时满足产品质量标准要求、国家污染控制标准要求以及有实际市场需求、固定用户等条件时,才不作为固体废物管理,在处置过程的固体废物鉴别中具体地列出了处置固体废物全过程中仍然作为固体废物管理的国际惯用处置方式。同时,给出了清晰的"原料—产品—固体废物—处置或产品"全过程中固体废物的产生节点和相应的固体废物类别图,为固体废物鉴别工作提供参考,使固体废物全过程管理有的放矢,有效防止固体废物对环境和人体健康造成的危害。 相似文献