Mechanical Properties with the Functional Group of Additives for Starch/PVA Blend Film

This paper deals with the mechanical properties and degree of swelling (DS) of starch/PVA blend film with the functional groups i.e., hydroxyl and carboxyl group, of additives. Starch/PVA blend films were prepared by using the mixing process. Glycerol (GL) with 3 hydroxyl group, sorbitol (SO) with 6 hydroxyl group, succinic acid (SA) with 2 carboxyl group, malic acid (MA) with 1 hydroxyl and 2 carboxyl group, tartaric acid (TA) with 2 hydroxyl and 2 carboxyl group and citric acid (CA) with 1 hydroxyl and 3 carboxyl group were used as additives. The results of measured tensile strength (TS) and elongation (%E) verified that both hydroxyl and carboxyl group as a functional groups increased the flexibility and strength of the film. Values of DS for GL-added and SA-added films were low. However, DS values of the films added MA, TA or CA with both hydroxyl and carboxyl group were comparatively high. When the film was dried at low temperature, the properties of the films were evidently improved. The reason is probably because the hydrogen bonding was activated at low temperature.     

橡胶助剂析出的原因及防治探析——以武警现行列装鞋靴产品为例

橡胶助剂析出是橡胶制品的常发问题,本文从原料、配方设计、炼胶工艺、硫化工艺、存储条件等方面分析了武警现行鞋靴橡胶助剂析出的原因、形式及危害,提出了防治对策。     

单室MFC型生物毒性传感器对重金属离子的检测研究

构建了单室微生物燃料电池(air-cathode microbial fuel cell,ACMFC)型生物毒性传感器,以含重金属离子(Cd2+、Cu2+)人工配水为检测对象,分析了有毒物质对检测仪的抑制率与有毒物质浓度的线性关系.结果表明,①单室MFC型生物毒性传感器结构简单,操作方便,灵敏度较高,可用于水体重金属离子(Cd2+、Cu2+)生物毒性的快速检测;②在实验条件下,该生物毒性传感器检测时间4h,清洗时间2～10min,恢复时间4h;③检测结果显示,实验室自配Cd2+、Cu2+及其混合液IC20值分别为0.6、0.8和0.25mg/L,有毒物质浓度与MFC产电量的抑制率呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.9960、0.9744和0.9907.     

MFC强化同步短程硝化反硝化工艺的启动

微生物燃料电池(MFC)可在阴极实现反硝化、短程反硝化和同步硝化反硝化并产生电能,但在MFC阴极实现同步短程硝化反硝化的研究尚未见到报道。为了探讨MFC阴极同步短程硝化反硝化工艺的性能,将双室曝气阴极MFC与A/O脱氮工艺结合处理人工模拟低碳氮比废水。通过静置运行15 d使得MFC阴极室亚硝态氮得以积累,氨氧化菌得以富集。随即改为连续运行后第21天成功启动同步短程硝化反硝化MFC;阴极出水氨氮浓度为0.3 mg/L,亚硝态氮浓度为15.9 mg/L,硝态氮浓度为0.6 mg/L,亚硝化率达到95%以上,阴极电极自养反硝化去除率达到50%以上,COD去除率达到85%以上。结果表明,将MFC与同步短程硝化反硝化工艺结合,通过阴极室中氧气得电子获得高pH,可以强化同步短程硝化反硝化工艺,完成生物脱氮的同时回收电能,并具有减少外加碱度的优势。     

生物阴极型微生物燃料电池同步降解偶氮染料与产电性能研究

构建了生物阴极型微生物燃料电池(BCMFC),研究了以葡萄糖-偶氮染料(活性艳红X-3B)为共基质条件下,BCMFC产电性能及偶氮染料的降解特性.结果表明,电能的产生源于BCMFC对葡萄糖的降解,共代谢下活性艳红X-3B的(ABRX3B)的生物降解是主要的脱色机理.当葡萄糖初始浓度为500mg·L-1(以COD计),ABRX3B浓度低于300 mg·L-1时,功率密度维持50.7 mW·m-2,最终脱色率在94.4%以上,而ABRX3B浓度的进一步提高对BCMFC产电会产生抑制作用.阳极液的COD去除率和UV-Vis光谱表明,ABRX3B的降解过程中,有中间产物的积累.共基质条件下,BCMFC可成功实现同步电能输出和高效脱色.     

满足国五排放标准的柴油甲醇双燃料发动机非常规排放研究

在一台装备有电控单体泵增压中冷系统柴油机的进气管上,加装甲醇喷射装置并向进气道喷入定量的纯甲醇,结合废气再循环(EGR)技术并使用氧化催化转化器(DOC)组合微粒氧化催化器(POC)后处理系统,使其常规排放能满足国五排放法规基础上,全面研究了柴油甲醇双燃料(Diesel Methanol Dual Fuel,DMDF)发动机的非常规排放特性.在采用国五排放法规标准规定的ESC(稳态13点工况)测试方法条件下,利用FTIR(傅里叶变换红外检测法)对DMDF发动机的检测结果表明:该机非常规排放物主要为甲醇、甲醛、1,3-丁二烯、苯、甲苯和SO2,非常规排放物的全工况加权比排放为19.532 g·kW~(-1)·h~(-1),其中,甲醇的全工况加权比排放为11.395 g·kW~(-1)·h~(-1),甲醛的全工况加权比排放为5.927g·kW~(-1)·h~(-1),SO2的全工况加权比排放为0.053 g·kW~(-1)·h~(-1),其余排放物为痕量水平.在催化氧化装置处理后非常规排放物全工况加权比排放为0.115 g·kW~(-1)·h~(-1),降幅为99.41%.催化氧化装置对甲醇、1,3-丁二烯、苯和甲苯的消除率为100%,对甲醛的消除率为99.04%.     

Investigation of Nanoparticle Additives to Biodiesel for Improvement of the Performance and Exhaust Emissions in a Compression Ignition Engine

Worldwide energy demand has been growing steadily during the past five decades and most experts believe that this trend will continue to rise. The amount of emitted harmful emission gases increases in parallel with increasing energy consumption. This increase has forced many countries to take various precautions, and various restrictions on emitted emissions have been carried. In this study, effects of addition of oxygen containing nanoparticle additives to biodiesel on fuel properties and effects on diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions were investigated. Two different nanoparticle additives, namely MgO and SiO₂, were added to biodiesel at the addition dosage of 25 and 50 ppm. Fuel properties, engine performance, and exhaust emission characteristics of obtained modified fuels were examined. As a result of this study, engine emission values NO_x and CO were decreased and engine performance values slightly increased with the addition of nanoparticle additives.     

Recent advances in three typical configurations and applications of bioelectrochemical systems北大核心CSCD

As the world's freshwater resources and available energy are alarmingly decreasing, the bioelectrochemical system (BES) is a cutting-edge technology for the resolution of the resource and energy issue. Researchers have paid much attention to t he application of t he BES configuration. Based on t he brief i ntroduction of m icrobial f uel cell a nd m icrobial electrolytic cell structure, principles, and domestic and foreign research, the BES and its influencing factors are introduced, specifically including: microbial activity, electrode materials, and configuration. Three important aspects (i.e., the electrode chamber, the reaction chamber, and micro-sensor) are summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of single-electrode and multi-electrode chambers are compared, based on the microbial desalination cell. Microbial electrolysis desalination cell: Microbial electrolysis desalination and chemical-production cell have been discussed to introduce increasing reaction chamber configuration; this review focuses on the research of BES monitoring with regards to biochemical oxygen demand. The potential applications of the research progress are explored. The results show that the configuration of multi-chamber microbial fuel cell is complex and its efficiency is low, while the single chamber configuration is advantageous. The reaction chamber added is mainly aimed at desalination, and the study of the desalination pool still needs to be focused on optimizing the cation exchange membrane to maintain the anode pH balance and reduce the air cathode dissolved oxygen. Microbial electrode sensor can be applied in more areas, and its sensitivity and long-term stability need to be further improved. However, there is relatively less research on the abundance and activity of electricigen communities; the configurations and scopes of application of BES are still the research priority. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

加油站火灾爆炸故障树分析

采用安全系统工程的方法,对加油站的火灾爆炸事故进行了故障树分析。通过故障树分析,得出4个最小径集,指明了预防事故发生的可能途径;从而确定出加油站火灾爆炸事故的预防措施,并做出安全检查表,以供现场实施参考。     

Trace metal emissions from co-combustion of refuse derived and packaging derived fuels in a circulating fluidized bed boiler

Energy recovery from refuse derived fuels (RDF) and packaging derived fuels (PDF) is one option in integrated waste management. Nine RDF and PDF co-combustion tests with peat and coal in a circulating fluidized bed boiler were carried out in this work. Heavy metal emissions in flue gas and fly ash were measured. Multivariate data analyses were used to find out the most important parameters affecting metal emissions in the flue gas.

The results showed that total heavy metal emissions were low. Although RDF and PDF had more heavy metals than peat and coal, the multivariate data analysis showed that an increase of the RDF or PDF share in the fuel mixture up to 20% did not correlate directly with the metal emissions in the flue gas. Distribution of Cd, Cu, Zn and Sn between flue gas and fly ash correlated with each other. Injection of limestone to bind sulphur and chlorine did not have a significant effect on heavy metal emissions in the flue gas. Heavy metals concentrated on the fly ash, but all fly ashes passed the EPA-TCLP tests.