全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6814篇 |
免费 | 476篇 |
国内免费 | 1225篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 345篇 |
废物处理 | 102篇 |
环保管理 | 1896篇 |
综合类 | 3563篇 |
基础理论 | 670篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 402篇 |
评价与监测 | 1242篇 |
社会与环境 | 252篇 |
灾害及防治 | 42篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 42篇 |
2023年 | 122篇 |
2022年 | 162篇 |
2021年 | 196篇 |
2020年 | 206篇 |
2019年 | 173篇 |
2018年 | 176篇 |
2017年 | 247篇 |
2016年 | 299篇 |
2015年 | 307篇 |
2014年 | 380篇 |
2013年 | 454篇 |
2012年 | 469篇 |
2011年 | 499篇 |
2010年 | 352篇 |
2009年 | 381篇 |
2008年 | 309篇 |
2007年 | 446篇 |
2006年 | 418篇 |
2005年 | 317篇 |
2004年 | 271篇 |
2003年 | 293篇 |
2002年 | 265篇 |
2001年 | 207篇 |
2000年 | 206篇 |
1999年 | 162篇 |
1998年 | 128篇 |
1997年 | 117篇 |
1996年 | 123篇 |
1995年 | 96篇 |
1994年 | 87篇 |
1993年 | 61篇 |
1992年 | 49篇 |
1991年 | 57篇 |
1990年 | 25篇 |
1989年 | 30篇 |
1988年 | 36篇 |
1987年 | 30篇 |
1986年 | 24篇 |
1985年 | 20篇 |
1984年 | 23篇 |
1983年 | 22篇 |
1982年 | 27篇 |
1981年 | 27篇 |
1980年 | 31篇 |
1979年 | 29篇 |
1978年 | 18篇 |
1977年 | 15篇 |
1975年 | 15篇 |
1973年 | 18篇 |
排序方式: 共有8515条查询结果,搜索用时 312 毫秒
511.
An Interval-Parameter Waste-Load-Allocation Model for River Water Quality Management Under Uncertainty 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A simulation-based interval quadratic waste load allocation (IQWLA) model was developed for supporting river water quality
management. A multi-segment simulation model was developed to generate water-quality transformation matrices and vectors under
steady-state river flow conditions. The established matrices and vectors were then used to establish the water-quality constraints
that were included in a water quality management model. Uncertainties associated with water quality parameters, cost functions,
and environmental guidelines were described as intervals. The cost functions of wastewater treatment units were expressed
in quadratic forms. A water-quality planning problem in the Changsha section of Xiangjiang River in China was used as a study
case to demonstrate applicability of the proposed method. The study results demonstrated that IQWLA model could effectively
communicate the interval-format uncertainties into optimization process, and generate inexact solutions that contain a spectrum
of potential wastewater treatment options. Decision alternatives can be generated by adjusting different combinations of the
decision variables within their solution intervals. The results are valuable for supporting local decision makers in generating
cost-effective water quality management strategies. 相似文献
512.
The fate and transport processes of a toxic chemical such as atrazine, an herbicide, in a reservoir are significantly influenced
by hydrodynamic regimes of the reservoir. The two-dimensional (2D) laterally-integrated hydrodynamics and mass transport model,
CE-QUAL-W2, was enhanced by incorporating a submodel for toxic contaminants and applied to Saylorville Reservoir, Iowa. The
submodel describes the physical, chemical, and biological processes and predicts unsteady vertical and longitudinal distributions
of a toxic chemical. The simulation results from the enhanced 2D reservoir model were validated by measured temperatures and
atrazine concentrations in the reservoir. Although a strong thermal stratification was not identified from both observed and
predicted water temperatures, the spatial variation of atrazine concentrations was largely affected by seasonal flow circulation
patterns in the reservoir. In particular, the results showed the effect of flow circulation on spatial distribution of atrazine
during summer months as the river flow formed an underflow within the reservoir and resulted in greater concentrations near
the surface of the reservoir. Atrazine concentrations in the reservoir peaked around the end of May and early June. A good
agreement between predicted and observed times and magnitudes of peak concentrations was obtained. The use of time-variable
decay rates of atrazine led to more accurate prediction of atrazine concentrations, while the use of a constant half-life
(60 days) over the entire period resulted in a 40% overestimation of peak concentrations. The results provide a better understanding
of the fate and transport of atrazine in the reservoir and information useful in the development of reservoir operation strategies
with respect to timing, amount, and depth of withdrawal. 相似文献
513.
514.
515.
基于水质的水资源模型与水质经济学初探 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在对传统的以水量为核心的水资源模型理论与实践矛盾的分析基础上,阐述了水资源社会及自然循环规律,提出城市-流域系统中水资源利用的水质自然与人工再生过程和自然、人工修复的双要素.提出水质再生和水量循环的水资源模型及其假设和约束条件,确定了模型适用的边际条件和范围,据此进一步辨析了城市污水回用与再生水的异同,将再生水置于流域尺度的城市群上下游用户层面,提出污水回用(包括中水利用)是降低需求,再生水是增加总量的基本结论.在以水质为核心的水资源模型基础上,对现有水资源经济学定义进行了修正和补充,提出了水质经济学的基础概念,并讨论了水质经济学指导下的供水服务和价格模型结构,重新定位了再生水的战略并提出以流域水体的净化成本和人工水质改善成本共同形成的全成本高低来表征流域水资源短缺程度的缺水等级划分新思路. 相似文献
516.
汉江堵河流域地表水质时空变化特征 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对汉江堵河流域9个点位为期1年的地表水水质理化特性进行时空特征分析,应用〖WTBX〗t〖WTBZ〗检验进行水质季节性变化分析,聚类分析进行空间相似性分析以确定空间尺度的分类情况,判别分析识别显著性指标,并以此反映上述空间聚类分析结果的差异性。结果表明:①Cl-、总溶解性固体(TDS)及浊度(Turbidity) 3项指标没有表现出显著的时间差异性;②温度、pH、NO-3、TP表现为丰水季显著大于枯水季,而SO2-4、HCO-3、NH+4、 DO则表现出相反的变化趋势,即枯水季显著大于丰水季;③空间聚类分析将采样点分为4类;④判别分析体现出良好的指标降维能力,仅需4个指标(NO-3、TDS、SO2-4、HCO-3)即可反映整体水质的空间差异性。 相似文献
517.
J. R. Park M. J. Stabler P. J. Jones S. R. Mortimer J. R. Tiffin R. B. Tranter 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(4):735-750
The issue of the sustainable development of rural economies in England has recently received considerable attention. This
is because many of the poorest areas in the country are rural, often of high environmental quality, but suffering from high
unemployment and a lack of services and facilities. The rapid decline in agricultural incomes and in-migration of affluent
urban workers since 1990 has exacerbated economic inequality in such areas. A number of factors have the potential to drive
rural development and this paper applies, and considers, the feasibility of a method from the USA for combining economic and
environmental variables in a regional growth model to examine the hypothesis that environmental quality is an important determinant
of sustainable rural development in England. The model output suggests that, although environmental quality does play a role
in sustainable rural development in England there are other, more important, factors driving development. These include business
and communications infra-structure, the degree and opportunities for commuting and underlying employment prospects. The robustness
and limitations of the method for combining economic and environmental variables is discussed in relation to the spatial interrelatedness
of Local Authority Districts in England, and conclusions are drawn about areas for refinement and improvement of the method.
相似文献
J. R. ParkEmail: |
518.
武晓敏 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2009,19(2):82-84
饮用水与人民群众的生活与健康休戚相关,因此保护饮用水水源地尤其重要。张家口市中心城区的饮用水水源地为地下水水源地,市区共有南北五个集中式供水水源地。近年来,由于农业污染、生活污染、个别企业超标排污以及上游来水不达标等原因,水源地水质下降。本文主要从5个水源地的水质、水量现状出发,探讨了影响水源地安全的因素,并提出相应的水源地保护措施:切实落实《饮用水水源地保护规划》、加强监管和立法以及提高公民环境意识。 相似文献
519.
520.
人工神经网络方法在拟建小区域环境质量评价中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
人工神经网络的评价方法用于小区域环境质量评价中,根据本地区特点因地制宜地选择环境质量参数,代入模型中进行环境质量评价及预测,对用于环境质量评价的BP人工神经网络模型进行了改进,即对网络模型的训练样本进行了扩充,从而提高了模型的抗干扰能力和准确性.将改进了的BP人工神经网络模型应用于四川省资阳市沱江二桥拟建项目小区域的大气、地表水环境质量评价中, 对该市小区域大气、地表水环境质量状况进行评价,评价结果表明,BP人工神经网络模型用于环境质量评价是可行的,且评价结论客观,评价模型普遍适用. 相似文献