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161.
文章介绍了上海郊区沼气开发利用的发展历程和现状,分析了上海沼气发展萎缩的原因,指出上海在节能减排的大形势、寻找合理的农村生活垃圾处理出路和解决小型禽畜养殖场的环境问题等压力下,对郊区的沼气发展产生了新的需求。而以小型养殖场为中心、吸纳农村有机生活垃圾的小型沼气系统则是上海郊区未来沼气发展的方向,也是新农村环境整治的可行途径。 相似文献
162.
In this study, we asked the Ariaal herders of northern Kenya to answer "why, what and how" they classified landscape, and assessed and monitored the biodiversity of 10 km(2) of grazing land. To answer the "why question" the herders classified grazing resources into 39 landscape patches grouped into six landscape types and classified soil as 'warm', 'intermediate' or 'cold' for the purpose of land use. For the "what question" the herders used soil conditions and vegetation characteristics to assess biodiversity. Plant species were described as 'increasers', 'decreasers' or 'stable'. The decreaser species were mostly grasses and forbs preferred for cattle and sheep grazing and the increasers were mostly woody species preferred by goats. The herders evaluated biodiversity in terms of key forage species and used absence or presence of the preferred species from individual landscapes for monitoring change in biodiversity. For the "how question" the herders used anthropogenic indicators concerned with livestock management for assessing landscape potential and suitability for grazing. The anthropogenic indicators were related to soils and biodiversity. The herders used plant species grazing preferences to determine the links between livestock production and biodiversity. By addressing these three questions, the study shows the value of incorporating the indigenous knowledge of herders into classification of landscape and assessment and monitoring of biodiversity in the grazing lands. We conclude that herder knowledge of biodiversity is related to the use as opposed to exclusive conservation practices. This type of knowledge is extremely valuable to conservation agencies for establishing a baseline for monitoring changes in biodiversity in the future. 相似文献
163.
164.
综合论述广东土壤的形成、分类和利用改良分区;阐述了黄壤、红壤、赤红壤、砖红壤和水稻土等主要土类的性质及利用现状;分析了各个地带、各个地区的自然条件、土壤组合以及土壤利用改良的特点。针对这些特点,提出了广东今后土壤资源利用的具体措施。 相似文献
165.
实验室废液的收集处理是实验室废物管理中的难点。通过总结实践经验、深入调研、开展试验等方式,系统地调研了国内外有关实验室废液的收集和处理处置技术。提出了实验室废液的分类方法和流程;研究了实验室废液用包装容器的材质、尺寸、外形等要求;以及分拣和打包流程。分析了实验室废液的预处理手段;并通过对物理化学法、生物法、焚烧法等进行技术比选,指出了当前实验室废液处理的优势技术。 相似文献
166.
我国东部七省生态系统对酸沉降的相对敏感性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
周修萍 《生态与农村环境学报》1996,(1)
讨论了影响亚热带生态系统对酸沉降敏感性的生态因子,提出了敏感性等级划分的指标体系,根据大量资料编制了我国东部7省1市生态系统对酸沉降相对敏感性分区图。结果表明,在研究区域内生态系统的敏感性有相当大的差别,极敏感区和敏感区面积占全区总面积的1/3以上,主要分布在福建、浙江、江西3省。 相似文献
167.
Altun L Baskent EZ Gunlu A Kadiogullari AI 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,137(1-3):149-161
The productivity of forest sites has been indirectly determined with solo wood production objective in forest management.
Forest site productivity should, however, be determined directly in order to implement ecosystem based multipurpose forest
management philosophy. This article tackles the problem in distinguishing and mapping forest sites using both direct method
and indirect method in Genya Mountain located in central of Artvin State Forest Enterprise. About 112 sample plots were designed
and distributed over the area. In each sample plot, soil samples were collected and the classical timber inventory measurements
were taken. According to direct method, Soil Moisture Regime (SMR) method is preferred due to a water deficiency in the study
area. Water holding capacity was used as an essential criterion for the classification of the forest site. Forest site classifications
were assigned regarding the physiographic factors such as landform, aspect, and slope. Five different forest sites classes;
dry, moderate fresh, fresh, humid and hygric were determined. According to direct method, the guiding curve was used to generate
anamorphic site index (SI) equations and three site index classes; good (SI=I–II), medium (SI=III) and low (SI=IV–V) were
determined. Some important differences between the methods were realized. The forest sites determined with site index estimation
method indicate that site index I and II is 505.99 ha, III 1095.79 ha and IV and V 992.95 ha, whereas forest sites determined
with direct method related to dry site of 937.58 ha, moderate fresh site of 931.90 ha, fresh site of 1,797.71 ha, humid site
of 80.48 ha and hygric site of 356.55 ha. The forest site maps of both methods were created using GIS functions. The forest
sites of open and degraded areas should be determined according to direct method. 相似文献
168.
169.
不同甘蔗基因型光合特性的数值分类 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对30个甘蔗基因型光合性状进行数值分类、主成分、聚类和判别分析研究认为,甘蔗基因型间光合性状存在较大差异;利用主成分分析选出3个主成分,方差累计贡献率达到98.5%,蒸腾速率、气孔导度为第一主成分的主导因子,而净光合速率和气孔导度分别为二、三主成分的主导因子;经系统聚类将30个基因型分为三大类,在聚类分析基础上用判别分析选出对甘蔗光合性状数值分类有显著影响的4个光合参数,建立3个判别能力较高的判别模型.表5图1参22 相似文献
170.
Md. Shafiqul Islam M.A. Hannan Hassan Basri Aini Hussain Maher Arebey 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(2):281-290
The increasing requirement for Solid Waste Management (SWM) has become a significant challenge for municipal authorities. A number of integrated systems and methods have introduced to overcome this challenge. Many researchers have aimed to develop an ideal SWM system, including approaches involving software-based routing, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Radio-frequency Identification (RFID), or sensor intelligent bins. Image processing solutions for the Solid Waste (SW) collection have also been developed; however, during capturing the bin image, it is challenging to position the camera for getting a bin area centralized image. As yet, there is no ideal system which can correctly estimate the amount of SW. This paper briefly discusses an efficient image processing solution to overcome these problems. Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) was used for detecting and cropping the bin area and Gabor wavelet (GW) was introduced for feature extraction of the waste bin image. Image features were used to train the classifier. A Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) classifier was used to classify the waste bin level and estimate the amount of waste inside the bin. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves was used to statistically evaluate classifier performance. The results of this developed system are comparable to previous image processing based system. The system demonstration using DTW with GW for feature extraction and an MLP classifier led to promising results with respect to the accuracy of waste level estimation (98.50%). The application can be used to optimize the routing of waste collection based on the estimated bin level. 相似文献