水中硫化物突发性污染事故应急监测方法研究

水中硫化物不稳定,最好是现场即时测定。本文旨在研究现场快速测定水中的硫化物。本研究运用比色分析的朗伯-比尔定律和真空工艺设计,将复杂繁琐的实验室测试方法和操作程序有机的融合在测试管中。该测试管具有快速、简便和价格低廉等特点,测定范围0.1～10mg/L。     

比色管现场快速测定铁、铜的研究与应用

采用化学法制成简易比色管,用于快速半定量测定水中铜、铁的含量,简便易行,可满足现场监测的需要。     

城市公交车定置噪声测试与特征分析

对北京市典型类别公交车的噪声污染水平及排放特征进行了测试和研究。研究和统计结果表明,北京城市在用公交车的定置噪声排放水平总体处于90～103 dB(A),其A计权频域特征以人耳敏感的中高频噪声为主,对城市居民的环境影响较大,是目前城市内需要重点关注的噪声污染源。相关数据将为交通和环保部门有针对性地提出噪声控制措施和制订相关法规提供有效支撑。     

Cathode ray tube recycling

Lead and polybrominated flame retardants are the two hazardous materials that can be found in electronic appliances. Particularly, cathode ray tubes (CRT) contain leaded glasses. In a computer monitor, over 98% of the lead is in the CRT. This material is generally not accepted for reuse as a component; only those from televisions can be reused. However, this currently represents only a very small market. Envirocycle (a US company) has developed a process to recycle all glasses contained in CRTs; this process includes cleaning and sorting glass. The product obtained is used for the manufacture of new CRT glass. Some industries have used pulverized glass from CRTs in smelting processes as slagging material instead of sand or slag. In this paper, some environmental issues related to the recycling of computers and television sets, and CRTs from computers are presented and discussed. Different processes used to recycle CRTs are described along with an economic analysis.     

燃煤锅炉炉膛高温腐蚀原因及对策

从300MW机组锅炉水冷壁管的高温腐蚀情况出发，阐述了产生高温腐蚀的原因，并提出了切实可行的预防措施。     

不同冷却方式下高温后圆钢管再生混凝土界面黏结性能对比分析

为研究自然冷却(自冷)和喷水冷却(水冷)两种方式对高温后圆钢管再生混凝土界面黏结性能的影响差异,以冷却方式、历经最高温度(T)和再生粗骨料取代率(r)为变化参数,设计并完成了21个试件的静力推出试验,观察了试件的破坏过程及形态,获得了荷载-滑移曲线,对比分析了不同冷却方式对高温后圆钢管再生混凝土短柱物理特征、界面破坏过程及黏结性能指标的影响。结果表明：与自冷试件相比,水冷试件的质量烧失率明显减小、初始滑移发生更晚,且在荷载-滑移曲线下降段中,水冷试件表现得更平缓。在自冷方式下,随着历经最高温度的增大,试件的界面黏结强度先减小后增大,但在水冷方式下,界面黏结强度先增大后减小;与自冷试件相比,T超过400℃后水冷试件的界面黏结刚度开始退化,在600℃时界面黏结刚度退化较大;无论是自冷还是水冷,随着历经最高温度的增大,界面黏结耗能系数不断减小。     

石油工业动火安全防护方法研究

在石油生产设备设施的建设安装和检修动火过程中,工程技术人员创造发明了防护盲板、防护接地、加装管道扫线接口和绝缘螺栓四种防护方法。防护盲板主要应用于隔离动火一方与不动火一方的防护,防止在动火管线可能着火放炮时,保障动火安全;防护接地是为防止被动火设备因电焊机杂散电流引起火灾而设置的专用接地线,把杂散电流引入大地;扫线接口既可用于管道的排空,又可利用此接口输入气体或液体对管道进行扫线;绝缘螺栓应用于管线法兰与容器法兰之间加绝缘盲板的临时固定,以隔离管线与容器法兰的电焊杂散电流通路。为石油工业动火作业安全提供技术参考。     

超临界锅炉受热面管内氧化皮的防治措施研究

目前,超临界锅炉受热面管内氧化皮生成、脱落的防治一直是国内外安全生产的技术难题。针对锅炉受热面管内氧化皮的生成、脱落的成因及其造成的安全隐患进行了详细分析,并结合多年的生产实践经验,配合实例介绍了相应的防治措施,对同类电厂超临界锅炉受热面管内氧化皮的处理提供了一定参考。     

Laboratory experiments on simultaneous removal of K and P from synthetic and real urine for nutrient recycle by crystallization of magnesium-potassium-phosphate-hexahydrate in a draft tube and baffle reactor

The simultaneous removal of K and P from urine for nutrient recycling by crystallization of magnesium potassium phosphate hexahydrate (MPP) in a laboratory-scale draft tube and baffle reactor (DTBR) is investigated. Results show that mixing speed and hydraulic retention time are important operating factors that influence crystallization and crystal settlement. Slurry should be discharged at a crystal retention time of 11 h to maintain fluidity in the reactor. Further applications of the DTBR using real urine (pretreated by ammonia stripping and diluted five times) showed that 76% K and 68% P were recycled to multi-nutrient products. The crystals collected were characterized and confirmed mainly as a mixture of magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate, MPP, and magnesium sodium phosphate heptahydrate. Results indicate that the DTBR effectively achieved the simultaneous recycling of K and P from urine to multi-nutrient products through MPP crystallization.     

实海环境下钢壳混凝土结构局部电位监测与参比电极稳定性研究

目的 确定高纯锌、钛以及铂等3种参比电极在不同工况下的稳定性差异,以及不同参比电极针对沉管的最佳使用位置。方法 以银/氯化银参比电极的监测电位数据为钢壳的实际电位基准,通过在不同区域设计安装电位传感器,持续监测沉管不同区域的钢壳电位,以及9个多月的波动情况。结果 高纯锌参比电极所监测数据的变化趋势与钢壳实际电位数据接近,且环境介质的改变对其监测电位数值的影响不大,电位数据波动小。铂和钛参比电极在钢壳底面海泥/抛石耦合的服役环境下,其监测电位数据稳定,但是二者在海水中监测电位时,对环境介质中的溶解氧浓度、金属离子等氧化性介质较为敏感,极易受到氧化性介质的影响,导致测得的电位偏移剧烈。结论 高纯锌参比电极更适合应用于沉管侧面阴极保护电位的长期监测,铂和钛参比电极更适用于钢壳底部保护电位的长期测量。