Amniotic fluid gel acetylcholinesterase determination in prenatal diagnosis: Dark field illumination as a method for improving the detection of precipitation bands

This paper describes a sensitive method for the detection of precipitation bands in the qualitative acetylcholinesterase (AChe) gel test. This method–dark field illumination–is compared with two existing methods of detection: epi-illumination of unstained gels and transillumination of dithio-oxamide stained gels. The comparison has been carried out on a selected series of 271 amniotic fluid samples, taken before the 22nd week of gestation. All 96 samples from normal pregnancies were scored as negative with all three visualization methods. For the detection of neural tube defects (NTD) and omphaloceles, dark field illumination proved to be more efficient than epi-illumination or dithio-oxamide staining. In one case of another congenital defect, we obtained a positive result with dark field illumination, and a negative one with the other detection methods. It is concluded that dark field illumination was shown to be the most sensitive method for the detection of precipitation bands.     

The impact of maternal serum alpha fetoprotein screening on open neural tube defect births in North-East Scotland

Over the three years period 1980–1982, 18 256 pregnancies in the Grampian Region of N-E Scotland including the islands of Orkney and Shetland were screened for raised levels of maternal serum alpha fetoprotein (MSAFP) in the second trimester. Thirty six cases of fetal open neural tube defect in singletons were detected (18 anencephaly and 18 spina bifida). Four additional cases of open spina bifida were associated with normal MSAFP levels although two of these were detected by amniotic fluid AFP measurement when amniocentesis was carried out because of previous NTD history. A further three cases of open spina bifida and two of anencephaly occurred in unscreened pregnancies. The MSAFP screening programme alone was thus instrumental in reducing the birth incidence of open neural tube defects by 36 out of 45 cases (80 per cent) in singletons.     

316L与X65在模拟流动地层水中电偶腐蚀行为

目的研究316L与X65在模拟流动地层水中电偶腐蚀行为,方法进行复合管材料X65和316L耦合在模拟流动地层水饱和CO2环境中的浸泡实验,通过电化学工作站测量电偶电流、电偶电位、开路电位及试样在不同温度和流速下极化曲线和交流阻抗图谱,另外通过电子扫描显微镜观察腐蚀形貌,对复合管电偶腐蚀行为进行分析。结果在模拟流速为0,0.2 m/s地层水中,X65耦合后的腐蚀速率分别为0.883,1.169 mm/a。结论 X65阳极反应极化程度较小,316L的阴极反应过程是整体反应速度的控制步骤。X65表面不仅发生阳极溶解,还伴随阴极反应。     

综掘工作面风幕控尘除尘系统数值模拟及试验研究

针对综掘工作面掘进过程中粉尘污染问题,设计了一种新型高效的风幕控尘除尘系统,利用风幕风速衰减试验分析了风幕风速与距出口距离衰减的关系,当风幕末端风速达到2 m/s以上就能够有效控制呼吸性粉尘逃逸,另外,利用数值模拟的方法,对风幕控尘除尘系统工作原理进行了模拟,当风幕初速度为15 m/s、除尘风筒负压为-250 Pa时,风流到达巷道壁时的风速均达到了3m/s以上,风幕控尘除尘系统起到了很好的控尘和除尘作用.并对压入式通风+湿式除尘机除尘的方式进行了数值模拟,压入式通风的风流大部分被除尘风筒吸入,掘进头和压入式风筒与除尘风筒重叠段形成了无风区,大部分粉尘颗粒和瓦斯不能够及时排出,给生产带来了极大的安全隐患.     

湿式电除尘器伏安特性的实验研究

伏安特性是分析电除尘放电特性和运行状况的基本方法。深入研究电除尘伏安特性,有助于提高除尘效率,为微细颗粒物控制提供了理论基础。实验研究了不同电场风速、雾滴粒径和喷水量下湿式电除尘的伏安特性。结果表明:当电场风速为1.0～1.2m/s、喷嘴压力为0.3～0.4MPa、喷水流量为0.24m3/h,湿式电除尘器处于最佳工作状态,通过对该状态下的除尘效率的测定,验证了该参数组合的正确性。     

石油工业动火安全防护方法研究

在石油生产设备设施的建设安装和检修动火过程中,工程技术人员创造发明了防护盲板、防护接地、加装管道扫线接口和绝缘螺栓四种防护方法。防护盲板主要应用于隔离动火一方与不动火一方的防护,防止在动火管线可能着火放炮时,保障动火安全;防护接地是为防止被动火设备因电焊机杂散电流引起火灾而设置的专用接地线,把杂散电流引入大地;扫线接口既可用于管道的排空,又可利用此接口输入气体或液体对管道进行扫线;绝缘螺栓应用于管线法兰与容器法兰之间加绝缘盲板的临时固定,以隔离管线与容器法兰的电焊杂散电流通路。为石油工业动火作业安全提供技术参考。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中铊

通过研究土壤消解体系、混合基体改进剂的使用、石墨管类型的选择和标准加入定量过程对测定结果的影响,建立了适用于土壤中重金属铊的微波消解-平台石墨炉原子吸收方法。结果表明,使用HNO_3-HF-H_2O_2消解体系对土壤进行微波消解,石墨炉原子吸收测定过程采用Pd(NO_3)_2/Mg(NO_3)_2混合基体改进剂和平台石墨管,土壤中铊的检出限可达0.05 mg/kg,线性相关系数为0.996,加标回收率在95.0%~105.0%。使用该方法测得的结果与ICP-MS法比较,无统计学差异。改进后的方法具有简单快捷、灵敏度高、重现性好、线性范围广、结果准确等优势,易于推广使用。     

全程加热采样管和半程加热采样管对超净排放污染源颗粒物监测结果的影响

根据《煤电节能减排升级与改造行动计划》以及《国家环境保护"十三五"规划纲要》,我国燃煤电厂污染物排放浓度应达到现行燃气锅炉标准,现行颗粒物监测仪器需要进行更新。现在市面上有2种污染源颗粒物采样管可对改造后电厂进行颗粒物采样监测,采用平行实验法对这2种采样管所采集的颗粒物质量结果进行分析,同时使用验证实验分析2种采样管颗粒物采集质量结果产生差异的原因,并对如何提升燃煤电厂颗粒物监测的准确性提出建议。     

Laboratory experiments on simultaneous removal of K and P from synthetic and real urine for nutrient recycle by crystallization of magnesium-potassium-phosphate-hexahydrate in a draft tube and baffle reactor

The simultaneous removal of K and P from urine for nutrient recycling by crystallization of magnesium potassium phosphate hexahydrate (MPP) in a laboratory-scale draft tube and baffle reactor (DTBR) is investigated. Results show that mixing speed and hydraulic retention time are important operating factors that influence crystallization and crystal settlement. Slurry should be discharged at a crystal retention time of 11 h to maintain fluidity in the reactor. Further applications of the DTBR using real urine (pretreated by ammonia stripping and diluted five times) showed that 76% K and 68% P were recycled to multi-nutrient products. The crystals collected were characterized and confirmed mainly as a mixture of magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate, MPP, and magnesium sodium phosphate heptahydrate. Results indicate that the DTBR effectively achieved the simultaneous recycling of K and P from urine to multi-nutrient products through MPP crystallization.