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61.
Christer Ahlström Maria Gink Lövgren Mats Nilsson Tania Dukic Willstrand Anna Anund 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2019,25(3):377-385
City bus drivers spend hours driving under time pressure, in congested traffic and in a monotonous sitting position. This leads to unhealthy working conditions, especially in terms of physical and psychological stress. The aim of this study is to investigate whether an active steering system can alleviate the musculoskeletal stress involved in manoeuvring a bus. Twenty bus drivers drove a city bus equipped with the Volvo dynamic steering (VDS) support system in real traffic. Steering effort was evaluated with electromyography and with a questionnaire. Compared to baseline, VDS significantly reduced the required muscle activity by on average 15–25% while turning, and up to 68% in the part of the manoeuvre requiring maximum effort. The bus drivers believed that VDS will help reduce neck and shoulder problems, and they expressed a desire to have VDS installed in their own bus. 相似文献
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63.
王志安 《安全.健康和环境》2004,4(1):13-15
介绍了在石油生产设备设施的建设安装和检修动火过程中 ,工程技术人员创造发明的防护盲板、防护接地、加装管道扫线接口和绝缘螺栓4种防护方法 ,简要叙述它们的结构、用途和适用范围 ,为油田施工单位进行动火作业提供技术参考。 相似文献
64.
利用气溶胶化学气相沉积的方式转化废弃菜籽油制备炭黑。以氮气为载气,将液体废油预先转化成气溶胶颗粒输送至高温管式炉,在 800 ℃ 的条件下进行热分解,形成基于废油的炭黑。产物的形貌、组分和结构采用光学显微镜,拉曼光谱, SEM 和 XPS 等方式进行表征。结果显示,炭黑表面呈阶梯片状叠加结构,而拉曼谱上出现强烈的 D 峰、G 峰及 G' 峰(其中 ID/IG=1.09 )。根据能谱 C1S 峰显示,炭黑表面化学键主要由 sp2 CC,sp3 C—C,C—OH 和 OC—O— 组成,其中 sp2 占据 88.5%。对比分析原始单晶硅基和负载炭黑表面的润湿性,显示负载炭黑后的硅表面疏水性大幅度提高,与水的接触角从 66.4°增长到 141°,呈现超级疏水性;而油在硅基和炭黑表面的接触角分别为 21.2°和<4°。 相似文献
65.
考察了微波加热与管式炉加热下挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)甲苯与氯苯的催化氧化性能,并对双组分VOCs的反应动力学进行了分析.结果表明,VOCs的竞争吸附使得双组分中甲苯和氯苯的转化率比单组分降低3%~12%;微波的"热点效应"与"非热效应"使得VOCs转化效率明显优于管式炉加热,尤其是氯苯的转化率提高了31%~38%;微波加热降低了氧化反应温度和处理能耗.动力学分析表明,微波加热下甲苯和氯苯的反应活化能比管式炉加热下减少了2146 J·mol-1和1450J·mol-1,微波加热下氯苯的化学反应速率常数是管式炉加热的35倍,甲苯的反应速率常数提高了6倍. 相似文献
66.
为研究4种屏蔽门开启模式下地下岛式站台火灾时排烟效果,本文采用大涡模拟进行计算,研究的开启模式包括开启两侧共4个端门、开启两侧首尾活动门及中间活动门和开启一侧所有活动门、开启两侧所有活动门。着重研究站台危险高度和楼扶梯口处烟气温度、CO浓度、可见度以及顶棚烟气温度。研究发现火灾发展阶段开启两侧屏蔽门首尾及中间活动门的排烟效果最好,火灾稳定阶段开启一侧所有活动门排烟效率较高,开启两侧所有活动门虽然能够加大烟气流出开口,但是排烟效果最差。 相似文献
67.
The vibration of dip tube in multi-burner gasifier changes the stress at the connection, causing flange seal failures and high temperature gas erosions with heavy economic losses and industrial accidents. This work aims to reveal the dip tube vibration mechanism, with special focus on obtaining the effect of operational parameters on the fatigue damage and long-term stable operation of gasifiers. A three-dimensional numerical simulation of the water-scrubbing cooling chamber was conducted to obtain the excitation source in the flow field. Then a FSI (fluid-structure interaction) transient dynamics simulation was carried out to investigate the vibration characteristics. Two major flow forms were found: a vertical annular flow near the dip tube outlet in the water-scrubbing cooling chamber; and a gas-liquid coupled flow caused by the syngas entrained the liquid. These two unstable multiphase flow forms exerted an energy excitation on the dip tube, resulting in a self-excited flutter. The dip tube vibration was similar to the first mode of a cantilever beam. The peak frequency was less affected by the initial liquid level and the syngas stream inlet velocity, which was close to its own first natural frequency. Note that, the alternating load generated by vibration may cause fatigue damage, which needs to be specifically considered in the design and manufacturing process of opposed multi-burner gasifier. 相似文献
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69.
公交车作为最常用的交通工具之一,其空间密闭、人员密度大,一旦发生火灾,极易造成群死群伤事故,社会影响恶劣.首先采用鱼刺图分析法(FBF)分析公交车火灾事故发生的原因;再采用事故树分析法(FTA),得出公交车安全门对公交车内人员安全疏散的重要性;在此基础上,以大容量公交车为研究对象,针对不同开门情况设置4个疏散场景,并运用Building Exodus对车内人员疏散情况进行模拟,提出相应建议.结果表明,公交车右侧前门为1.1m、后门为1.Sm,右侧前、后门均为1.Sm,前门、左右两侧后门均为1.5m3种情况下均较原始设计(右侧前、后门均为1.1m)不同程度缩短了人员疏散时间. 相似文献
70.
The aim of this work is to determine the influence of operating parameters such as the dispersion pressure, the ignition delay and height on the dust flammability. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation, based on an Euler–Lagrange approach, was developed with Ansys Fluent™ and validated experimentally. Such analysis will facilitate the choice of the most conservative conditions for a flammability test. This paper is focused on a case study performed on wheat starch with the modified Hartmann tube. The dispersion process of the powder was studied with granulometric analyses performed in situ and high speed videos. Tests were performed with injections at gas pressure ranging from 3 to 6 bars and the evolution of the particle size distribution (PSD) was recorded at different ignition heights (5, 10 and 15 cm over the dispersion nozzle). The observations highlighted the presence of agglomeration/deagglomeration processes and dust segregation. Besides, a CFD simulation analysis was aimed at evaluating the impact of a set of parameters on the PSD and the local turbulence, which are closely linked to some flammability parameters. For this computational analysis, the CFD simulation was coupled with a collision treatment based on a Discrete Element Method (DEM) in order to consider the cohesive behavior of the combustible dust. Thus the results suggest performing the injection of the gases at approximately 5 bars for the flammability tests of wheat starch in order to obtain the finest PSD at a given ignition height. It is also shown that the finest PSD are obtained at 5 cm over the dispersion nozzle. However, the local instabilities and turbulence levels are so high during the first stages of the dispersion that the flame growth can be disturbed for short ignition delays. Moreover, the stabilization of the bulk of the dust cloud requires longer periods of time when the ignition sources are located at 15 cm. As a result, the recommended height to perform a flammability test is 10 cm in this case. Finally, this study proposes some tools that might improve the procedure of dust flammability testing. 相似文献