Preparation and evaluation of aminopropyl-functionalized manganese-loaded SBA-15 for copper removal from aqueous solution

A novel material, aminopropyl-functionalized manganese-loaded SBA-15 (NH₂-Mn-SBA- 15), was synthesized by bonding 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (APTMS) onto manganeseloaded SBA-15 (Mn-SBA-15) and used as a Cu²⁺ adsorbent in aqueous solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction spectra (XRD), N₂ adsorption/ desorption isotherms, high resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the NH₂-Mn-SBA-15. The orderedmesoporous structure of SBA-15 was remained aftermodification. The manganese oxides were mainly loaded on the internal surface of the pore channels while the aminopropyl groups were mainly anchored on the external surface of SBA-15. The adsorption of Cu²⁺ on NH₂-Mn-SBA-15 was fitted well by the Langmuir equation and the maximum adsorption capacity of NH₂-Mn-SBA-15 for Cu²⁺ was over two times higher than that of Mn-SBA-15 under the same conditions. The Elovich equation gave a good fit for the adsorption process of Cu²⁺ by NH₂-Mn-SBA-15 and Mn-SBA-15. Both the loaded manganese oxides and the anchored aminopropyl groups were found to contribute to the uptake of Cu²⁺. The NH₂-Mn-SBA-15 showed high selectivity for copper ions. Consecutive adsorption-desorption experiments showed that the NH₂-Mn-SBA-15 could be regenerated by acid treatment without altering its properties.     

Regeneration performance and carbon consumption of semi-coke and activated coke for SO2 and NO removal

To decrease the operating cost of flue gas purification technologies based on carbon-based materials, the adsorption and regeneration performance of low-price semi-coke and activated coke were compared for SO₂ and NO removal in a simulated flue gas. The functional groups of the two adsorbents before and after regeneration were characterized by a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, and were quantitatively assessed using temperature programmed desorption (TPD) coupled with FTIR and acid–base titration. The results show that semi-coke had higher adsorption capacity (16.2% for SO₂ and 38.6% for NO) than activated coke because of its higher content of basic functional groups and lactones. After regeneration, the adsorption performance of semi-coke decreased because the number of active functional groups decreased and the micropores increased. Semi-coke had better regeneration performance than activated coke. Semi-coke had a larger SO₂ recovery of 7.2% and smaller carbon consumption of 12% compared to activated coke. The semi-coke carbon-based adsorbent could be regenerated at lower temperatures to depress the carbon consumption, because the SO₂ recovery was only reduced a small amount.     

植被类型对黄土高原露采矿山复垦土壤碳循环功能基因的影响

植被恢复可有效地改善矿区生态环境,提升生态服务功能,促进生态系统固碳增汇.但目前矿区植被恢复影响土壤碳循环相关功能基因的机制尚缺乏深入研究.为此,采集黄土高原黑岱沟露天矿排土场复垦区草地(GL)、灌丛(BL)、针叶林(CF)、阔叶林(BF)和针阔混交林(MF)共25个表层土壤样品,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术测定土壤碳循环功能基因绝对丰度,探究不同植被类型对土壤碳循环相关功能基因的影响及内在机制.结果表明：(1)不同植被类型对矿区复垦土壤化学性质和碳循环相关功能基因丰度影响差异显著(P<0.05),GL和BL对土壤有机碳、全氮和硝态氮的积累显著优于CF(P<0.05);(2)所有碳固定基因中rbcL、acsA和mct的丰度最高,BF土壤中碳循环相关功能基因丰度高于其它类型,与BF土壤中的铵态氮和BG酶活性较高及易氧化有机碳和脲酶活性较低密切相关.碳降解和甲烷代谢功能基因丰度与铵态氮和BG酶活性呈显著的正相关,与有机碳、全氮、易氧化有机碳、硝态氮和脲酶活性呈显著的负相关(P<0.05);(3)不同植被可直接影响土壤BG酶活性或影响土壤硝态氮含量从而间接作用于BG酶活性,从...     

Fhhh工程菌株降解PTA废水动力学研究

研究了工程菌株Fhhh降解精对苯二甲酸(PTA)石化废水的动力学.将测得的Fhhh降解废水的6项动力学参数值、废水自然参数值、废水排放标准控制值,输入环境生物技术信息学软件(Ebis)进行计算.结果表明,来源于3种保存方法的Fhhh菌株中,所需反应器的最小体积(V_min)为1309m³,比降解率(q_A)的最高数值为0.0136h^-1,是土著菌YZ1的4倍,高于国内外同类研究的4项数值,低于同类研究的2项数值.结果表明,Fhhh工程菌株具有降解PTA废水的显著优势.     

Comparative effects of different maize straw returning modes on soil humus composition and humic acid structural characteristics in Northeast China

In order to evaluate the effects of different maize straw returning modes on humus composition and humic acid (HA) structural, a field experiment was designed to have five treatments, i.e. Treatment CK (no straw returned), Treatment EIS (straw incorporated evenly into the soil using the crashing-ridging technique), Treatment SP (straw plowed into the soil), Treatment SM (straw returned as mulch) and Treatment SG (straw returned as pellets). Our results showed that Treatment EIS significantly increased the content of soil organic carbon (SOC), soil humus substances (HEC), soil humic acid carbon (HAC) and fulvic acid carbon (FAC) by 27.8%, 47.6%, 63.3% and 33.8%, respectively, as compared with CK. Among all the straw returning treatments, Treatment EIS was the most significant in effect of increasing the content of HEC, HAC and FAC. Moreover, Treatment EIS altered the composition of humus more significantly than all the other treatments, by increasing the proportion of alkyl C and the ratio of aliphatic C/aromatic C. These results suggest that straw returning accelerated the accumulation of soil organic C and various components of humus, significantly improved the structure of soil HA, with the practice of EIS in particular.     

真菌对磺胺二甲氧嘧啶降解过程的转录组分析及差异表达基因的功能分析

采用黄孢原毛平革菌降解磺胺二甲氧嘧啶（SDM）,4 d后SDM的去除率达74%,降解速率达3.24 mg·L^-1·d^-1.采用Illumina高通量测序平台对降解SDM后的菌株与对照组菌株进行测序,通过GO和KEGG富集分析,得到的差异表达基因能显著富集到与降解相关的“氧化还原酶活性”途径,及与应激反应有关的“ABC转运体”路径.通过对高表达高上调的差异表达基因的筛选与分析,得到了耐受和降解SDM的功能基因.水通道蛋白、ABC转运蛋白及甲基转运酶基因等在黄孢原毛平革菌对环境的耐受中起到重要的作用.乙醇氧化酶、细胞色素P450和糖苷水解酶等在黄孢原毛平革菌对SDM的降解中起着关键的作用.本文从转录组水平分析了SDM的降解机制,为黄孢原毛平革菌在环境修复中的应用提供一定的参考.     

亚硝酸盐型甲烷厌氧氧化过程影响因素研究

亚硝酸盐型甲烷厌氧氧化(Nitrite-dependent denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation,n-damo)是指微生物在厌氧条件下利用甲烷还原亚硝酸盐的过程,该过程的研究可为污水脱氮减排提供技术支持.采用n-damo富集培养物(荧光原位杂交实验结果表明n-damo功能菌丰度可达73%)为研究对象,着重探讨温度(25,35,45℃)、p H值(5.5~9.5)、甲烷分压(0~98 k Pa)和亚硝酸盐初始浓度(0~6.0 mmol·L-1)对n-damo反硝化速率的影响,以获得最优条件,为n-damo过程在污水处理中的应用提供理论依据.结果表明,在本实验条件下n-damo过程进行的最适温度为35℃,最适p H值为7.5,最适甲烷分压为49 k Pa,最适亚硝酸盐初始浓度为2.4~3.42 mmol·L~(-1).     

厦门市道路灰尘中铂族元素的污染特征

鉴于铂族元素(PGEs)对生态环境和人体健康的潜在危害,对厦门市道路灰尘中PGEs的浓度水平和分布特征进行研究.于2012年10月采集城区主干道、隧道、旅游区和工业区的道路灰尘样品,经王水微波消解及阳离子交换树脂(Dowex AG50W-X8)分离纯化后,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)进行测定.结果表明,厦门城区主干道道路灰尘中钯(Pd)、铂(Pt)和铑(Rh)的平均浓度(范围)分别为:246.82(58.68~765.52)、95.45(42.14~371.36)和51.76(21.04~119.72)ng·g-1,均比地壳丰度值高出两个数量级.与国内外其它城市相比,厦门城区道路灰尘中Pd、Pt和Rh浓度均处于较高污染水平.不同功能区道路灰尘PGEs含量分布为:隧道城区工业区旅游区,其分布特征主要受机动车流量的影响.PGEs元素之间的相关性分析结果显示Pd与Rh的相关性较大,而Pt与Pd、Rh的相关系数均较小,说明除了机动车排放以外,可能存在其他的污染来源.旅游区禁止机动车行驶,但仍检出较高含量的PGEs,说明周边地区道路灰尘中PGEs可通过大气扩散作用进行迁移.     

城市不同功能区PAHs多介质累积规律研究

以上海市为例,分析了城市地表灰尘、土壤和行道树叶片累积PAHs的水平差异,探讨了形成这种累积规律的原因与机制.结果发现,同一功能区内,地表灰尘和土壤中PAHs含量较高,分别为8 992～141 723 ng·g-1(均值为54 964 ng·g-1)、9 306～146 689 ng·g-1(均值为56 883 ng·g-1);而悬铃木叶片和小叶黄杨叶片内含量较低,且悬铃木叶片中的含量普遍高于小叶黄杨叶片,含量分别为2 423～32 883 ng·g-1(均值为12 983 ng·g-1)、1 498～19 418 ng·g-1(均值为7 612 ng·g-1).不同功能区之间,地表灰尘和土壤中PAHs总量存在显著差异,而悬铃木叶片和小叶黄杨叶片对PAHs的累积水平相似.灰尘和土壤中PAHs组分构成具有明显的功能区差异,且高环PAHs含量占主导地位.植物叶片中PAHs组分构成在不同功能区具有相似性,且低环组分占绝对优势,高环组分含量很少.这种累积规律与PAHs的理化性质,以及各介质累积PAHs的主要途径和方式密切相关.     

农业生物质废弃物转化功能材料的研究进展

农业生物质废弃物的数量正在迅速增加,导致许多环境和治理问题. 因此,将农业生物质废弃物回收利用并增值应用越来越受到关注. 近些年农业生物质废弃物利用和衍生功能材料的研究进展主要包括以下两个方面：①提取天然聚合物并增值应用;②直接制备新型碳基材料,包括吸附、催化、储能电极和复合功能材料等. 农业生物质废弃物转化功能材料已逐步实现且应用范围广泛;未来的研究需要评估农业生物质废弃物衍生产品的质量和安全性,并开发高度可行且具有成本效益的生物质废弃物转化方法,以期实现规模化工业生产.