阊江河1～6级支流大型底栖无脊椎动物取食功能团演变特征

河流连续性概念(rivercontinuumconcept,RCC)将自然河流生态系统视为物理和生物的连续体,河流物理环境的梯度变化决定了生物的演变格局.为探索自然河流系统受人类干扰后大型底栖无脊椎动物的演变规律,作者于2002年5月、8月、11月对安徽省祁门县阊江河1~6级支流的大型底栖无脊椎动物进行了调查,共获7纲57科101属119种,计8813头,并详细记载了各级支流样点的栖境特点.运用“河流连续性概念”理论分析结果表明该河1~6级支流大型底栖无脊椎动物各取食功能团演变趋势符合该理论,但上游至下游的生物区系演替程度明显小于未受干扰的自然河流,1~6级支流各功能团的分布(P/%)梯度变化趋于平缓,仅捕食者数量分布与理论预测模式比较接近.各级支流相同取食功能团的优势类群各异,其种类的耐污能力随河流级别的增加总体呈上升趋势.同级支流各取食功能团的分布(P/%)比例存在季节性差异.图2表3参15     

Study on the action and mechanism of humic acids in Kaschin-Beck disease

Humic acids, especially FA in fractions, contain more oxygen functional groups. In this experiment, on the basis of confirming the action of humic acids on KBD, what was studied is the biological effects of one of main oxygen functional groups, hydroxy group (-OH). The results indicate that inducing pathologic process of KBD, obviously decrease the GSH-Px activity and induce peroxidation membrane injury of tissue. The SOD activity increase in the tissues caused by oxygen functional groups showed that enhancing of free radical reaction should not be neglected.     

盘锦市海洋功能区划研究

在全面分析盘锦市海洋资源特点及开发利用中存在的问题，及充分考虑盘锦市未来社会发展需求的基础上，对盘锦海域进行了科学的功能分区，并确定了各功能区的主导功能。这将为盘锦市合理开发利用海洋资源，实现海洋综合管理提供服务，同时也有利于地区经济的持续发展。     

Differing Modes of Biotic Connectivity within Freshwater Ecosystem Mosaics

We describe a collection of aquatic and wetland habitats in an inland landscape, and their occurrence within a terrestrial matrix, as a “freshwater ecosystem mosaic” (FEM). Aquatic and wetland habitats in any FEM can vary widely, from permanently ponded lakes, to ephemerally ponded wetlands, to groundwater‐fed springs, to flowing rivers and streams. The terrestrial matrix can also vary, including in its influence on flows of energy, materials, and organisms among ecosystems. Biota occurring in a specific region are adapted to the unique opportunities and challenges presented by spatial and temporal patterns of habitat types inherent to each FEM. To persist in any given landscape, most species move to recolonize habitats and maintain mixtures of genetic materials. Species also connect habitats through time if they possess needed morphological, physiological, or behavioral traits to persist in a habitat through periods of unfavorable environmental conditions. By examining key spatial and temporal patterns underlying FEMs, and species‐specific adaptations to these patterns, a better understanding of the structural and functional connectivity of a landscape can be obtained. Fully including aquatic, wetland, and terrestrial habitats in FEMs facilitates adoption of the next generation of individual‐based models that integrate the principles of population, community, and ecosystem ecology.     

喀斯特地区丛枝菌根真菌多样性研究进展

丛枝菌根真菌（Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi,AM真菌）在喀斯特地区生态修复中具有潜在的可利用性,关于喀斯特地区AM真菌多样性以及生态功能的研究已成为近年来的热点问题。本文归纳了喀斯特地区分离出的AM真菌名录,旨在为喀斯特高效生态修复菌种筛选提供支撑材料。综述了喀斯特地区土壤石灰性、营养物质匮乏、空间异质性强,植被逆向演替、植物种类多样等特点对喀斯特地区AM真菌多样性的影响规律,总结了AM真菌对于喀斯特地区土壤结构、营养元素循环、植物抗旱性、植物个体养分吸收、植被演替方面的生理生态功能及作用机理,以期为喀斯特地区AM真菌适生性研究、AM真菌潜在生态功能有效利用、AM真菌-植物共生体系筛选与培育等环节做出指引,为菌根技术在喀斯特生态修复中的应用提供理论基础。未来的研究应进一步深入探究AM真菌多样性影响机制,探讨AM真菌与植物适生性之间的关系,以及加强AM真菌-植物共生体系筛选与培育。     

我国大气降水中δ18O变化的多气象因子分析及分区研究

分析了我国29个GNIP站1961—2015年逐月降水中δ~(18)O与局地气象要素(近地面的气温、降水量和大气可降水量、外向长波辐射以及500 hPa高度的风速)和大尺度环流因子(Nino 4区海表温度距平及南方涛动指数)的关系,并基于层次聚类分析和逐步回归分析方法,讨论了我国降水中δ~(18)O的分区,计算了区内降水中δ~(18)O依各气象因子的回归方程.结果表明,秦岭-淮河一线南北两侧站点降水中δ~(18)O与气象因子之间的关系差异显著,是我国的一条重要的降水稳定同位素环境效应分界线.我国降水中δ~(18)O可以分为3个区域,即北部区(包括西北和东北地区)、中部过渡区(含华北及青藏地区)和南部区,其中北部区和中部过渡区的分界线大致与我国西北地区和北方地区的分界线吻合,中部过渡区与南部区大体与我国北方地区和南方地区的分界线相一致.不同地区控制降水中δ~(18)O的气象因子存在差异:北部区为温度,中部过渡区为温度、500 hPa高度风速以及外向长波辐射,南部区是500 hPa高度的风速.研究结果对于认识我国大气降水中稳定同位素空间分布的特征及其内在机制具有重要意义.     

Theoretical study on the formation mechanism of polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes/thianthrenes from 2-chlorothiophenol molecules

Homogeneous formation of polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes/thianthrenes(PCDT/TAs),sulfurated compounds analogous to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs), has been well-documented to occur via radical–radical coupling reactions from chlorinated thiophenol precursors. However, the current understanding of the formation mechanism of PCDT/TAs is exclusively limited to the inherent point of view that chlorothiophenoxy radicals act as the only required intermediates for PCDT/TAs. This study investigates reaction pathways for the formation of PCDT/TAs involving two new types of radical species, i.e., substituted phenyl radicals and substituted thiophenoxyl diradicals. Taking 2-chlorothiophenol(2-CTP) as a model compound for chlorothiophenols,we found that apart from the mostly discussed chlorothiophenoxy radicals, substituted phenyl radicals and substituted thiophenoxyl diradicals could also be readily formed via the reaction of 2-CTP with H radicals. Furthermore, direct self-and cross-coupling of these radicals can result in the formation of PCDT/TAs, including 1-monochlorothianthrene(1-MCTA), 1,6-dichlorothianthrene(1,6-DCTA), 4,6-dichlorodibenzothiophene(4,6-DCDT)and 1,6-dichlorodibenzothiophene(1,6-DCDT). The pathways proposed in this work are proven to be both thermodynamically and kinetically favorable. Particularly, comparisons were made between the formation mechanisms of sulfurated and oxygenated dioxin systems from an energetic point view, showing that replacing oxygen with sulfur atoms greatly reduces the activation barriers of the rate-controlling steps involved in the PCDT/TA formation processes compared with those involved for PCDD/Fs. The calculated results in this work may improve our understanding of the formation mechanism of PCDT/TAs from chlorothiophenol precursors and should be informative to environmental scientists.     

中国矿业大学南湖校区噪声污染等级监测研究

以中国矿业大学南湖校区为例,采用分功能区监测布点的方法对校园各功能区人群密集地点的噪声污染等级进行监测和分析,以探明大学校园内各功能区人员密集时噪声所能达到的最大声级,并进行评价分析.结果表明:在人流密集状态下,校园内的各测点噪声等级均在60dB以上,处于噪声超限状态.故虽然校园内各测点全天的等效声级不超限或基本达到《声环境质量标准》(GB 3096-2008)的要求,但实质上校园声环境却时常处于"亚健康"状态.     

浮萍生物炭的老化作用对其性质及对Cd(Ⅱ)吸附的影响

为了研究老化作用对生物炭性质及其对重金属Cd吸附的影响,将浮萍生物炭(LM)分别进行了高温老化(high temperature aging)、冻融循环老化(freeze-thaw cyclesaging)和自然老化(spontaneous aging),通过SEM-EDS、FTIR和吸附实验探究可能存在的变化机理。结果显示:冻融循环老化和高温老化会使生物炭表面O/C分别增加56.98%和90.14%,自然老化比较缓慢,对生物炭O/C影响不大。高温老化使生物炭表面羟基转化为羧基,为羧基化过程;冻融循环老化会使生物炭表面羟基增加,其他官能团基本不变;自然老化条件下,生物炭表面官能团无明显变化。老化作用增强了生物炭对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附,冻融循环、高温、自然老化作用使LM最大平衡吸附量分别增加了32.67%,83.17%,15.97%。研究表明生物炭的老化会使生物炭本身性质发生变化,但这一变化有利于生物炭对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附,生物炭在环境中具有较好的稳定性。     

基于层次分析法的中原经济区流域水系统健康评价

为了在水资源与水环境双重制约下制订人水和谐发展的政策提供决策支持,以我国中原经济区这一重点开发区域为例,基于层次分析法构建了以水系统自然条件、水系统服务功能及人类活动影响三要素(共计20项指标)为基础的流域水系统健康评价体系,并以2011年作为评价年,将中原经济区的水资源二级区作为基本流域单元对水系统健康状况进行评价. 结果表明:中原经济区9个水资源二级区中,除了淮河上游水资源二级区(3.20分,完全健康状态为5.00分)为基本健康状态、汉江水资源二级区(2.77分)和三门峡至花园口水资源二级区(2.18分)为亚健康状态以外,其余水资源二级区(0.55~1.77分)均为不健康及极不健康状态. 分析显示,人类活动影响是影响中原经济区内各流域水系统健康状况的主要原因,人口众多、工农业开发活动强度大使得其对水资源需求巨大. 部分水资源二级区对地下水资源依赖程度较高,造成不同程度的地下水超采现象. 伴随着高强度水资源利用的是水污染物的高强度排放,部分河流水污染状况严重,甚至在局部地区造成了地下水污染. 这种不健康的状态在中原经济区内由南向北随着水系统自然条件和水系统服务功能的降低呈加重趋势.