Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

蜜环菌漆酶对蒽醌类染料的脱色条件优化

利用蜜环菌发酵所得的漆酶,直接对印染工业中常见的两种蒽醌类染料活性艳蓝KN-R和活性艳蓝X-BR进行催化脱色实验,得出了最佳脱色条件.结果表明,活性艳蓝KN-R最适脱色温度为30℃,最适染料浓度为80 mg.L-1,最适酶量为0.25U.mL-1,最适pH值为5,在最优条件下活性艳蓝KN-R最高脱色率达90%以上.活性艳蓝X-BR的最适脱色温度为30℃,最适染料浓度为50 mg.L-1,最适酶量为0.5 U.mL-1,最适pH值为4,在最优条件下活性艳蓝X-BR最高脱色率达70%以上.本研究利用蜜环菌粗漆酶液直接对印染工业中常见蒽醌类染料进行脱色,结果表明蜜环菌粗漆酶液具有良好的脱色效果,蜜环菌漆酶在印染工业染料废水脱色方面具有潜在的应用价值.     

Decolorization of reactive dyes by laccase immobilized in alginate/gelatin blent with PEG

To achieve effective decolorization of reactive dyes,laccase immobilization was investigated.Laccase 0.2%(m/V)(Denilite IIS) was trapped in beads of alginate/gelatin blent with polyethylene glycol(PEG),and then the supporters were activated by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde.The results of repeated batch decolorization showed that gelatin and appropriate concentration of glutaraldehyde accelerated the decolorization of Reactive Red B-3BF(RRB);PEG had a positive effect on enzyme stability and led to an inc...     

共基质体系下漆酶介体系统降解氮杂环化合物的研究

采用2,2-连氮-双-(3-乙基苯并噻吡咯啉-6-磺酸)(ABTS)作为介体,与纯漆酶组成漆酶介体系统(LMS),分别研究了单基质和共基质体系下LMS对氮杂环化合物的降解。结果表明:(1)LMS对单基质和共基质体系中的吲哚的降解反应很快达到平衡,约为1h。(2)共基质体系中吡啶的引入,对吲哚的降解没有明显的促进或抑制作用;共基质体系中喹啉的引入,对吲哚的降解有较小的促进作用,而同时引入吡啶和喹啉,一定程度上也促进了吲哚的降解。(3)喹啉不能被LMS所降解。共基质体系中吲哚的引入,对吡啶的降解有一定的抑制作用;对喹啉的降解有一定的促进作用。(4)在LMS的作用下,推断吲哚生成的中间产物是氧化吲哚和靛红;吡啶生成的产物是戊二醛和戊二酸;喹啉最先生成2-羟基喹啉。     

漆酶催化复合染料酸性黑ATT脱色的研究

利用白腐菌Ganoderma lucidum wz-32发酵制备的漆酶对印染工业常用的复合染料酸性黑ATT进行催化脱色.在单因子试验的基础上,通过正交优化试验确定酸性黑ATT的最佳脱色条件为:温度50℃,染料浓度0.1 g·L-1,酶量9 U·mL-1,pH 5.0,最适条件下酸性黑ATT的脱色率达87.35%.同时研究了金属离子、酶抑制剂、脱色助剂对酸性黑ATT脱色的影响,结果表明,Co2+、Fe2+、Mn2+、Ca2+、I-对脱色有抑制作用,10mmol·L-1的浓度使脱色率降低了50%以上;Na+、Cu2+在低浓度时对脱色有一定的促进作用;SDS显著抑制漆酶的催化脱色作用,浓度为10mmol·L-1时脱色率降低了68%;HBT是高效的脱色助剂,可显著提高漆酶的脱色效率.     

木质素磺酸盐基生物质固沙材料的部分生物效应

将制浆造纸废液中的木质素磺酸盐经过化学改性制备成生物质固沙材料BSSM-LS,可达到治理污染,有效利用资源和防风固沙、抑尘等多重效果,但在应用过程中,为避免对生态环境造成危害,必须关注其环境生物效应。文章首先选择具有代表性的小白菜和高羊茅草进行了种子萌发的试验,结果表明,BSSM-LS对植物生长无有害影响,反而由于补充了氮,对种子的萌发起到了良好促进作用。随后进行的BSSM-LS与白腐菌及其酶相互作用的研究表明,BSSM-LS对裂褶菌Schizophyllum commune无有害影响,对漆酶无抑制作用。在自然条件下,BSSM-LS生物降解仍需要较长时间,接种白腐菌后可加速其降解过程;在漆酶作用下BSSM-LS可发生一定程度降解,表现为分子量减少,磺酸基含量下降,共轭羰基和醌型结构增加,有利于BSSM-LS的腐殖化进程。     

漆酶催化氧化水中雌激素的研究

采用漆酶催化氧化去除水中5种雌激素(BPA、E2、EE2、E1、OP),探讨了pH和水溶性天然有机质(NOM)对雌激素处理效率的影响,并深入研究了EE2在漆酶催化氧化过程中的反应动力学以及主要的反应产物.结果表明,水中雌激素均可被漆酶有效地去除,其反应的适宜pH值范围为4～6;NOM对5种雌激素的去除效率在反应初期有较明显的抑制作用;漆酶催化氧化EE2的过程遵循二级反应动力学,而在反应过程中,漆酶的稳定性比过氧化物酶要高;由自由基耦合形成的EE2二聚体是漆酶反应的主要产物.     

Production of laccase by Coriolus versicolor and its application in decolorization of dyestuffs: (Ⅱ) Decolorization of dyes by laccase containing fermentation broth with or without self-immobilized mycelia

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响应面法优化Paraconiothyrium variabile GHJ-4产漆酶发酵条件

为提高子囊菌Paraconiothyrium variabile GHJ-4产漆酶的能力,采用响应面法对其发酵条件进行优化.首先用Plackett-Burman法筛选出4个影响较大的重要因素,分别为:接种量(X1)、培养时间(X2)、装样量(X3)和转速(X4).继而采用最陡爬坡路径逼近最大响应区域,并结合中心组合试验...     

半干旱-亚湿润干旱沙区樟子松根内真菌群落结构和功能时空动态特征

研究揭示呼伦贝尔沙地樟子松天然林和不同引种地(呼伦贝尔沙地、科尔沁沙地和毛乌素沙地)不同林龄(中龄林、近熟林和成熟林)人工林根内真菌群落结构和功能时空动态特征及其对环境变化(气候因子和土壤理化性质)的响应,阐明樟子松根内真菌生态功能及其与林木生长的互作关系.结果表明：(1)樟子松人工林根内真菌多样性指数均显著高于天然林(P<0.05),且毛乌素沙地人工林最高;樟子松根内真菌群落存在明显的地理分布,但林龄影响不存在显著差异(P>0.05).(2)与樟子松人工林相比,天然林外生菌根真菌比例更高(50.49%),主要包括Acephala、小菇属(Mycena)和乳牛肝菌属(Suillus);樟子松天然林主要指示菌种为Acephala,呼伦贝尔沙地人工林为肉齿菌属(Sarcodon),科尔沁沙地人工林为红菇属(Russula)和美口菌属(Calostoma),毛乌素沙地人工林为地孔菌属(Geopora)、Mallocybe和棉革菌属(Tomentella).(3)在樟子松天然林和人工林中,指示菌种主要受到有效氮、有效磷和林龄的影响,而与土壤含水量、 pH值和全氮含量相关的指示菌种数...