北京市6座垃圾填埋场地下水环境质量的模糊评价

以接纳北京市城八区生活垃圾的6座填埋场的渗滤液和地下水环境质量为研究对象,2006年对6座垃圾填埋场的渗滤液性质以及丰水期、平水期和枯水期的地下水质进行监测分析和模糊评价.除北神树垃圾填埋场渗滤液中的BODs和悬浮物含量2项指标合格外,所有垃圾填埋场渗滤液中的COD、铵态氮和粪大肠菌群指标均超过了GB 16889-1997三级标准.其中铵态氮和粪大肠菌群超标最为严重.应用模糊数学进行综合评价的结果表明,6座垃圾填埋场枯水期、丰水期和平水期的地下水质均不合格,且综合评价结果为很差的占95%以上.地下水中的主要污染物是总硬度,其次为大肠菌群.     

Sustainable supplier selection criteria classification for Indian iron and steel industry: a fuzzy modified Kano model approach

ABSTRACT

The aim of this work is to provide a systematic approach for sustainability criteria clustering into different useful categories. For this purpose, a methodology has been proposed with the following three steps. (i) A comprehensive set of the sustainability criteria in economic, environmental and social dimension has been extracted from the literature and have been customised for the iron and steel industry. (ii) A fuzzy Kano methodology has been used to classify these sustainability criteria into useful Kano cluster like must-be, one-dimensional, and attractive cluster (iii) further, must-be and attractive criteria derived from the second step were further sub-classified into three categories using Type IV Kano model. All steps have been examined in the iron and steel industry of India and findings indicate that quality and delivery criteria are classified as high must be criteria in the economic realm. Further, environmental and energy management system in the environmental dimension and social responsibility and right of stakeholders criteria in the social dimension are classified as high must be criteria. Prioritising must be and attractive criteria enable decision makers of other industries to select the appropriate criteria to adopt sustainability.     

Integration of process control protection layer into a simulation-based HAZOP tool

This paper discusses the framework methodology behind the proposed simulation-based HAZOP tool. Simulation-based approach is one of the many ways to support conventional HAZOP by its automation. Compared to knowledge-based and other approaches, a HAZOP software tool based on deviations simulation is able to examine the investigated process more into detail and so find root causes of hazardous consequences. Another advantage is the ability to identify also potential hazards which did not occur in the past and might be overlooked. The presented framework methodology uses a layer of protection analysis (LOPA) concept of independent protection layers (IPLs) testing. Control system integrated into the raw process design represents the first of various protection layers of the LOPA concept. As a case study, a CSTR chemical production with nonlinear behavior under Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) actions as the predominant type of classical feedback control strategy is used. The presented tool identifies hazardous regimes under conditions when control loop introduces hazardous consequences or even acts synergically with existing hazardous events. Risk derived from different consequences is ranked by the risk assessment matrix (RAM) as a part of the conventional quantitative HAZOP study.     

碳纤维复合材料粉尘爆炸强度特性研究

碳纤维复合材料是应用于航天、航空领域的高性能材料之一,对于该材料的粉尘爆炸特性还未有相关研究报告。为了研究碳纤维复合材料粉尘的爆炸强度特性,本文采用20L球形粉尘爆炸测试实验系统开展了相关实验研究。实验测得碳纤维复合材料粉尘爆炸下限浓度为50g/m 3,最大爆炸压力为0.48MPa。在测试浓度范围内,最大压力上升速率和爆炸指数均随浓度的增大而变大。另外,在其爆炸强度特性研究的基础上,对产尘车间的环境风险进行了初步辨识,提出了相应的防护措施。本文的研究成果对此类碳纤维复合材料粉尘的工业防护具有实际的指导作用,对于该粉尘的爆炸机理的深入研究也具有一定的参考价值。     

基于灰色模糊理论的流域水电规划环境影响综合评价

结合模糊优选理论和灰色关联分析方法，提出灰色模糊综合评价法，该方法将灰色关联分析作为优属度确定的隶属度计算方法；提出理想环境序列建立遵循的原则，引入梯形模糊数实现定性指标量化并采用变异系数法确定评价指标权重。应用灰色模糊综合评价法对黄河流域河段水电规划的高坝方案和多级开发方案进行了比选研究，计算了两个方案的优属度及其开发性因子、稳定性因子、保护性因子、经济活力因子、社会可接受因子、环境风险因子等6个指标层优属度，结果表明，多级开发方案总体优于高坝方案；多级开发方案的保护性远好于高坝开发方案，而高坝方案的开发性略好于多级开发方案，稳定性、经济活力、社会可接受、环境风险等因子两种方案比较接近。评价结果与流域实际情况比较符合，证明该方法是一种有效的方法。     

自然保护区价值评判方法

本文以典型性或代表性、稀有性、脆弱性、多样性、面积大小、天然性、感染力、环境和资源保护价值、科学价值、文化价值等为自然保护区价值的评判指标,运用模糊数学理论,初步建立了由单指标评判和多系统-多指标综合评判二级构成的自然保护区价值评判体系。这两级评判结果均能应用于自然保护区的分类、等级的确定之中,对优化我国自然保护区的布局、加强自然保护区建设和管理都具有重要意义。     

模糊聚类分析在水环境污染区划中的应用

应用模糊数学的方法并采用污染强度的概念 ,对多污染因子的水体环境污染进行模糊聚类分析。实例表明 ,此方法拓宽了模糊聚类分析方法的应用范围 ,是可行的。     

模糊综合评判在环境质量评价中的应用

分析了环境质量评价的现状和方法,就模糊综合评判应用中存在的问题,基于概念进行了讨论并提出了解决办法,用实例说明了其应用。     

一种新的模糊聚类方法在环境评价中的应用

本文提出了一种新的模湖直接泵类方法，并将其应用于环境质量评价中，实例计算表明该方法直观明了，大大减少计算量，更适用于计算机上实现。