Life cycle analysis and choice of natural gas-based automotive alternative fuels in Chongqing Municipality,China

Road transport produces significant amounts of emissions by using crude oil as the primary energy source. A reduction of emissions can be achieved by implementing alternative fuel chains. The objective of this study is to carry out an economic, environmental and energy (EEE) life cycle study on natural gas-based automotive fuels with conventional gasoline in an abundant region of China. A set of indices of four fuels/vehicle systems on the basis of life cycle are assessed in terms of impact of EEE, in which natural gas produces compressed natural gas (CNG), methanol, dimethylether (DME) and Fischer Tropsch diesel (FTD). The study included fuel production, vehicle production, vehicle operation, infrastructure and vehicle end of life as a system for each fuel/vehicle system. A generic gasoline fueled car is used as a baseline. Data have been reviewed and modified based on the best knowledge available to Chongqing local sources. Results indicated that when we could not change electric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles into commercial vehicles on a large scale, direct use of CNG in a dedicated or bi-fuel vehicle is an economical choice for the region which is most energy efficient and more environmental friendly. The study can be used to support decisions on how natural gas resources can best be utilized as a fuel/energy resource for automobiles, and what issues need to be resolved in Chongqing. The models and approaches for this study can be applied to other regions of China as long as all the assumptions are well defined and modified to find a substitute automotive energy source and establish an energy policy in a specific region.     

论火灾社会防控体系的建设

当前,频繁发生的火灾事故已经成为影响中国经济发展和人民群众生命财产安全的重要因素,如何通过火灾社会防控体系建设,有效起到预防和减少火灾事故发生的作用,已成为一项迫在眉睫的任务。本文主要从依法治理、科学管理、安全教育培训三个方面论述了加强火灾防控体系建设。     

灰色关联分析在城市污水处理厂规划改造决策中的应用

应用灰色系统理论中的灰色关联度定义 ,建立了城市污水处理厂改造的灰色决策模型 ,并对 1 1座污水处理厂进行了改造决策的综合评价 ,结果表明 ,其评价结果符合实际。     

转炉污泥干法脱硫新技术应用

采用转炉污泥取代铸铁屑配制焦炉煤气脱硫剂,转炉污泥与稻壳体积配比为1∶2,水分30%～40%,pH值8～10。经过生产实践证明,脱硫效率达到996%～998%。既降低了煤气生产成本,减轻工人劳动强度,又提高了民用煤气质量,具有可观的环境效益与经济效益。     

大体积垃圾露天堆肥试验

通过进行大体积露天垃圾堆肥试验，证明大体积鲜垃圾露天单元式堆肥，是在堆温、养分及卫生学等各项指标均达到国家标准的厌氧高温堆肥     

“城郊型农副业综合经营生态区”探讨

介绍了上海闽行区近年来大中型禽畜场污染治理的典型技术。根据该区的实践及其发展趋势来看,建立“城郊型农副业综合经营生态区“模式势在必行。文章还探讨了“城郊型农副业综合经营生态区”的特征、必要条件以及功能区划方案等。     

502清洁生产实践

分析台州市两家502企业清洁生产情况,总结经验和成效,提出进一步清洁生产潜力,促进行业节能降耗减污。     

电子废弃物循环利用与自愿协议式管理

随着电子废弃物数量的激增和非正规电子废弃物处理企业生产对环境影响,中国电子废弃物问题日益凸现出来.在我国,电子废弃物正成为一类重要废弃物,据估计,电子废弃物产出量以每年13～15%的速度增长,其增速是普通生活垃圾的3倍.如何解决我国电子废弃物问题不仅是环境保护的要求,也是经济发展的要求.电子废弃物的循环利用是电子废弃物管理和治理的最佳途径.电子废弃物的自愿协议式管理作为一种新的环境管理方式,对于改善电子废弃物管理现状、提高废弃物循环利用率、减少电子废弃物产生、降低电子废弃物的危害等具有广阔的应用前景.     

生物作用强化城市污水一级处理工艺研究

提出生物作用强化城市污水一级处理工艺 ,探讨利用生物絮凝吸附作用独立承担城市污水处理任务的可行性、影响因素及运行参数。试验证明 ,处理城市污水 ,当HRT为 1 1h ,DO为 1 0mg L ,CODCr污泥负荷为 3 4～ 4 0kg kg·d时 ,CODCr、BOD5和SS去除率分别为 6 8%～ 78%、6 5 %～ 72 %和 75 %～ 85 %。     

Service transformation—managing a shift from business travel to virtual meetings

It has been shown that the potential for environmental, and financial improvements through the increased substitution of in-person meetings by virtual communication is considerable. However, it has also been shown that this potential is not automatically realized by investing in the technology that can enable virtual meetings. This paper describes two case studies that explored the factors that influenced communication and meeting behavior. A number of drivers and barriers for virtual meetings are identified, and, in addition, measures are proposed to improve the utilization of virtual tools for business communication.