采伐林窗对马尾松人工林土壤微生物生物量的初期影响

为了解人为采伐活动形成的林窗对马尾松低效人工林土壤微生物生物量的影响,以39 a生的马尾松人工林7 种不同大小林窗(G1:100 m²、G2:225 m²、G3:400 m²、G4:625 m²、G5:900m²、G6:1 225 m²、G7:1 600 m²)以及林下为研究对象,分析了林窗中央和林窗边缘土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)、微生物生物量氮(MBN)、微生物生物量磷(MBP)的季节变化。结果显示:①林窗大小显著影响了林窗内各位置土壤MBC和MBP,对MBN影响不显著;MBN与MBC变化趋势相同,均随林窗增大呈先升后降的单峰型变化,但MBN变化幅度较小,MBP仅在林窗中央具有单峰型变化。MBC、MBN和MBP分别在面积为400~900 m²、225~625 m²和625~900 m²的林窗较高。总体来看,中型林窗更有利于微生物生物量的增值。②季节变化对土壤MBC、MBN、MBP均有极显著影响,MBC为夏高春低,MBN夏高冬低;MBP的变化较复杂,秋季相对较高。③林窗中央与边缘间MBC、MBN、MBP差异不显著,但MBC、MBN显著高于林下。说明较之马尾松纯林,林窗内土壤微生物活性有较大提高。④土壤温度对MBC、MBN有显著影响,土壤含水量对MBN、MBP有显著影响,土壤温度和水分是林窗形成后影响土壤微生物生物量的重要环境因子。     

地区差距衡量指标体系及定量化测算方法

区域差距是指经济、社会以及影响经济和社会发展的各方面要素差距组成的“集合体”，即区域间社会经济综合实力水平的差距。基于对区域差距的这一理解，在定性分析的基础上运用现代定量分析方法对其进行研究。提出了一套以定量为主，定性与定量相结合的区域差距衡量指标体系及定量化测算方法，并运用这一方法对山东省西部区域之间各方面的差距进行了定量计算和全方位的分析比较。     

一种应用于双单元MIMO天线的电磁带隙结构设计与仿真

设计了一种应用于工作频率为2.6GHz的双单元多输入多输出（MIMO）天线的新型电磁带隙结构（EBG）。本文基于传统的蘑菇状结构,将贴片改进为螺旋状,调整偏移了过孔圆柱位置,并采用了电磁带隙结构单元的整体倒“T”形状布局。过孔的位置以及结构单元的间隔基于HFSS电磁仿真软件进行了优化,使新的结构在对天线系统传输特性影响很低的情况下更好的减小两个天线单元之间的耦合干扰。     

红松阔叶混交林林隙极端地面温度的地统计学分析

以小兴安岭原始红松阔叶混交林林隙为研究对象,采用网格法布点,通过对生长季内林隙各样点极端地面温度的连续观测,利用经典统计学和地统计学的方法分析并揭示了林隙极端地面温度的时空分布格局。研究结果表明:林隙极端地面温度不同空间样点之间存在异质性,而且异质性的强度、 尺度和空间结构组成随时间而改变,各月平均极端地面温度斑块形状复杂,最高地面温度大小顺序均为6月>7月>8月>9月,最低地面温度大小顺序为7月>8月>6月>9月,月平均地温的最大值和最小值分布位置不固定,同一月份地面最高温度的大小顺序是空旷地>林隙>郁闭林分,地面最低温度大小顺序是郁闭林分>林隙>空旷地。研究旨在为红松阔叶混交林的可持续经营提供基础数据和理论参考。     

冲模间隙对产品质量及模具寿命的影响

通过对不同间隙条件下冲裁件断面质量以及不同间隙条件下模具的磨损情况,分析说明了冲模间隙与模具磨损和产品质量间的关系。     

计算冲裁间隙的实用公式

此文按照冲裁间隙的传统计算公式及经验数据,总结出了冲裁模合理间隙的实用计算公式。     

太白山红桦林林隙特征的研究

对太白山红桦林林隙的一般特征和干扰状况进行了初步研究,分析了植被中林隙的数量、类型及成因,并对林隙形成木的类型、数量、物种构成和径级结构做了分析.结果表明,太白山红桦林林隙以自然立枯形成的最多;林隙线状密度为23.5个/km;冠空隙面积在20～80m2范围内的最多,冠空隙总面积占整个林分面积的4.7%;扩展林隙的面积在50～100m2范围内的最多,占整个林分的11.9%;林隙的形成木以红桦为主,径级在20～40cm范围内的占绝大部分;在太白山红桦林中,大多数的林隙由1～3株林隙形成木形成,其中单株形成木形成的林隙最多,每个林隙的林隙形成木平均为1.51株;林隙的腐烂等级为C级的分布较多;冠空隙径高比多分布在0.30～0.45之间,扩展林隙径高比多分布在0.60～0.80之间;林隙内幼苗主要有红桦、华山松,在大面积的林隙内红桦幼苗占绝对优势.图1表5参26     

Mineralogical characteristics and photocatalytic properties of natural sphalerite from China

Different natural sphalerites have a range of photocatalytic properties that can potentially be exploited for environmental remediation purposes. To develop value in the exploitation of sphalerite, samples were collected from 19 ore deposits in China and characterized for their mineralogical and photocatalytic properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron probe micro analysis (EPMA) measurements indicated that all the natural sphalerites from various localities crystallized in cubic phases with various chemical compositions. The substitution of Fe for Zn ranged from 0.235% to 14.826% by weight, Mn from 0.004% to 4.868%, Cu from 0.009% to 5.529% and Cd from 0.133% to 1.576%. As Fe became more abundant, the color of natural sphalerite darkened, becoming almost black; and higher Fe content was associated with stronger visible light absorption. Photoluminescence spectra showed emission mainly related to S-vacancies and progressively decreasing fluorescence intensity with increasing Fe content. Tests of the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange indicated that the sample with the highest Cd content but moderate Fe content had the highest photocatalytic activity. Specifically, the degradation of Methyl Orange (30 mg/L) attained 82.11% efficiency under visible light irradiation for 4 hr of natural sphalerite with 4.262% Fe and 1.576% Cd. Overall, the Fe content in sphalerite was found to contribute to the visible light absorption ability and the recombination rate of photo-generated electrons and holes, while substitution by Cd was observed to have a greater effect on the photocatalytic properties. These findings provide a scientific basis for the profitable utilization of base metal resources like sphalerite.     

Gas explosion analysis of safety gap effect on the innovating FLNG vessel with a cylindrical platform

After investigating gas dispersion on a cylindrical Floating Liquefied Natural Gas (FLNG) platform (Li et al, 2016), this second article focuses on assessment of gas explosion by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Gas explosion simulations are carried out to evaluate the explosion overpressure mitigating effect of safety gap. The Data-dump technique, which is an effective tool in resetting turbulence length scale in gas explosion overpressure calculation, is applied to ensure simulation accuracy for the congestion scenario with safety gap. Two sets of different safety gaps are designed to investigate the safety gap on the cylindrical FLNG platform, the overall results indicate that the safety gap is effective in reducing overpressure in two adjacent congestions. However, for the explosion scenario where the flame is propagating through several safety gaps to the far field congestion, the safety gap mitigates overpressure only in certain explosion protecting targets. Two series of artificial configurations are modeled to further investigate the explosion scenarios with more than two safety gaps in one direction. It is concluded that the optimal safety gap design in overpressure mitigation for the cylindrical FLNG platform is to balance the safety gap distance ratio in the congested regions.     

Achieving Conservation Science that Bridges the Knowledge–Action Boundary

There are many barriers to using science to inform conservation policy and practice. Conservation scientists wishing to produce management‐relevant science must balance this goal with the imperative of demonstrating novelty and rigor in their science. Decision makers seeking to make evidence‐based decisions must balance a desire for knowledge with the need to act despite uncertainty. Generating science that will effectively inform management decisions requires that the production of information (the components of knowledge) be salient (relevant and timely), credible (authoritative, believable, and trusted), and legitimate (developed via a process that considers the values and perspectives of all relevant actors) in the eyes of both researchers and decision makers. We perceive 3 key challenges for those hoping to generate conservation science that achieves all 3 of these information characteristics. First, scientific and management audiences can have contrasting perceptions about the salience of research. Second, the pursuit of scientific credibility can come at the cost of salience and legitimacy in the eyes of decision makers, and, third, different actors can have conflicting views about what constitutes legitimate information. We highlight 4 institutional frameworks that can facilitate science that will inform management: boundary organizations (environmental organizations that span the boundary between science and management), research scientists embedded in resource management agencies, formal links between decision makers and scientists at research‐focused institutions, and training programs for conservation professionals. Although these are not the only approaches to generating boundary‐spanning science, nor are they mutually exclusive, they provide mechanisms for promoting communication, translation, and mediation across the knowledge–action boundary. We believe that despite the challenges, conservation science should strive to be a boundary science, which both advances scientific understanding and contributes to decision making. Logrando que la Ciencia de la Conservación Trasponga la Frontera Conocimiento‐Acción