时间因素对钻屑瓦斯解吸指标K1值测定的影响分析

针对时间因素对钻屑瓦斯解吸指标K1测定结果的影响,采用恒温瓦斯放散试验深入分析钻屑瓦斯解吸指标K1测定理论的准确性,总结因时间因素导致K1值测定误差所带来的现场问题。研究结果表明:K1值的测定误差与时间关系密切,测定启动时间越晚,误差越大;测定启动时间由第1 min延后至第2 min,绝对误差和相对误差最大值分别增加0.081 cm3/(g·min1/2)和2.20%;高瓦斯压力条件矿井或煤层的局部高瓦斯压力区域、构造煤发育区的钻屑瓦斯解吸指标K1值测定结果偏低,测定误差偏大。研究结果可为煤与瓦斯突出预测水平的提升提供技术支撑。     

穿层爆破中控制孔对裂隙扩展作用机理试验研究

为研究控制孔在穿层爆破中对裂隙扩展的作用机理,在实验室内进行穿层爆破相似模拟试验。研究表明:煤岩体试块上表面产生了贯穿炮孔和控制孔的裂隙,侧面生成了多条不规则的裂隙,试块内部出现了包括沿控制孔方向发展的多个断裂面;炮孔和控制孔连线上产生了较高拉应力,炮孔和控制孔连线方向上拉应变峰值是炮孔45°方向上的拉应变峰值的1.12倍;爆破产生的压缩应力波P和在控制孔处反射生成的反射横波Sr、反射纵波Pr在控制孔附近的煤岩体上产生应力叠加,造成煤岩体损伤,最终形成贯穿裂隙。穿层爆破中控制孔对爆生裂隙的扩展起到导向作用,但由于穿层爆破中煤岩交界面的存在,使得应力波出现复杂的反射、透射、叠加效应,造成煤层内裂隙无序发育,工程现场应予以重视。     

基于数字信息化的消防呼吸气瓶检验管理系统研究与开发

为解决碳纤维缠绕式消防呼吸气瓶检验中因单机作业而存在的检验效率低、检验质量差、受人为因素影响的问题,研究开发基于数字信息化的碳纤维缠绕式消防呼吸气瓶检验管理系统,该检验系统包括消防呼吸气瓶数据库、OA系统、呼吸气瓶检验软件和手机APP。利用二维码技术和计算机网络,实现呼吸气瓶数据库、检验软件、OA约检和报告审核审批系统、手机APP的数据传输。结果表明:该检验管理系统实现了呼吸气瓶检验的无纸化、过程的可追溯性、检验结果的防伪性等功能,其对于碳纤维缠绕式消防呼吸气瓶检验具有较强的适用性和可行性。     

基于复杂网络的燃气管线破裂灾害链风险分析*

为提高燃气管线突发事件应急处置决策水平和应急响应能力及效率,采用复杂网络理论和灾害链演化机理对燃气管线破裂灾害事件影响进行耦合分析,构建燃气管线破裂灾害链网络和风险评估模型,并计算得出燃气管线破裂灾害链风险度。为更准确地表达无传播路径的灾害事件之间的关系,将灾害网络中所有最短路径长度的最大值作为其最短路径长度,计算表明这种算法更符合灾害传播实际情况。结果表明:通过燃气管线破裂灾害链风险分析,能够为燃气管线灾害风险控制措施和方案制定提供参考,有利于提高燃气管线破裂灾害事件的应急处置能力和决策水平。     

瓦斯抽采PC-CAS基封孔材料优化及其膨胀作用分析*

为了研制以硅酸盐/铝酸盐水泥、生石灰、生石膏为主的PC-CAS基封孔材料,采用正交试验优化材料配比、开展膨胀力研究,并用扫描电镜观测料-煤胶结形貌。研究结果表明:材料的最优配比为A2B2C4,其具备优良的流动性、强度及致密性,造浆量达2 100 mL/kg;PC-CAS基材料具有显著的膨胀性,其膨胀力随时间先增大而后趋于稳定,并且该膨胀力随着径向约束的提高而增大;相比于FP材料,PC-CAS基材料产生的膨胀力能够显著降低材料-煤岩界面的空隙并在一定程度上压密煤体内部的裂隙;该材料产生的膨胀力可压密封孔段围岩、提高封孔质量,并为后期“二次注浆”提供保压条件。工业试验结果表明,采用PC-CAS基材料进行封孔可显著改善抽采效果,将原有平均浓度10.11%提升至20.08%。     

基于谐波沉降的管道力学分析*

为避免地面沉降引发的油气管道事故,研究沉降管道的力学特性,提出基于谐波沉降的管道力学评估方法。以中国石化某沉降管道为研究对象,通过现场测量的方法获得沉降区管道高程,利用傅里叶级数展开对不均匀沉降数据进行处理分析,获得管道谐波沉降的拟合函数。建立ANSYS有限元模型,采用土弹簧模型模拟非沉降区管道与土体相互作用关系,将谐波沉降作为位移载荷施加到沉降区管道,对含内压管道的沉降进行数值模拟,分析其应力、应变分布规律。结果表明:沉降与非沉降交界处管道应变及应力最大,基于应变的评估准则,管道运行状态为安全,为应急响应提供支撑。     

铁磁流体对煤粒瓦斯解吸性能影响实验研究*

为探究铁磁流体对煤体瓦斯解吸性能的影响,采用水浴恒温吸附解吸系统,开展0.44,0.65,1.14 MPa 3组不同平衡压力下加铁磁流体前后的瓦斯解吸对比实验,根据Langmuir方程经验公式计算瓦斯极限解吸量和初始扩散系数,分析铁磁流体对煤体瓦斯解吸影响的机理。结果表明:在3组不同平衡压力下加入铁磁流体后瓦斯极限解吸量由2.5,10,20 mL/g降低为2.22,3.33,10 mL/g,降低11.2%,66.7%,50%;初始扩散系数由0.997 1,1.629 9,3.888 3 μm2·s降低为0.685 5,0.997 1,2.933 5 μm2·s,降低31.25%,38.82%,24.56%。在铁磁流体的作用下,煤体瓦斯解吸性能得到大幅降低。     

基于CFD-DEM的旋风除尘器内气固流动特性研究

为了研究旋风除尘器内气固流动特性,采用CFD-DEM耦合算法研究不同入口气体速度下旋风除尘器内颗粒流态、静压、径向速度及轴向速度分布特征。结果表明:煤屑颗粒在离心力和径向曳力的作用下以螺旋颗粒条带靠近除尘器的壁面稳定向下移动,随着入口风速的增加煤屑颗粒条带变宽,条带与除尘器的第1次接触的拐点上移,螺距减小;除尘器内部压力轴向变化较小,径向变化较大,随着入口气体速度增加,除尘器壁面附近高压区范围和压力也随之增加,除尘器上方和下方的负压区变宽并朝轴向方向延伸;随入口气体速度增加,除尘器内径向速度和轴向速度逐渐增加,煤屑颗粒在除尘器中部聚集较多,煤屑停留时间变长,入口气体速度为15 m/s时,煤屑颗粒在除尘器内停留时间最长。     

Corrosion failure probability analysis of buried gas pipelines based on subset simulation

Corrosion is the main reason for the failure of buried gas pipelines. For effective corrosion failure probability analysis, the structural reliability theory was adopted in this study to establish two calculation models for pipeline corrosion failure: the pressure failure model and von Mises stress failure model. Then, two calculation models for the corrosion failure probability were established based on a corrosion depth growth model obtained from actual survey data of soil corrosion characteristics. In an example, Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and subset simulation (SS) were used to analyze the corrosion failure probability of pipelines, and the results were compared. SS can compensate for the shortcomings of MCS as it has higher computational efficiency and accuracy. Therefore, SS was adopted to simulate variations in the corrosion failure probability of buried pipelines with the service time for the two failure probability calculation models, which were applied to a natural gas pipeline located in a chemical industry park in Zhuhai, China. A sensitivity analysis was carried out on the relevant parameters that affect the failure probability. The results showed that multiple loads caused by the covering soil, residual stress, temperature differential, and bending stress have a non-negligible effect on the pipeline reliability. The corrosion coefficients gradually become the most important factors that affect the failure probability with increased service time. The proposed methodology considers the actual operating conditions of pipelines to provide a reliable theoretical basis for integrity management.     

Analysis of crater formation in buried NG pipelines: A survey based on past accidents and evaluation of domino effect

The formation of a crater by the abrupt and catastrophic rupture of a high-pressure pipeline can be highly relevant, especially when the crater uncovers other pipelines, which could undergo a domino effect with a significant increase of the consequences on people or on the environment. However, this scenario has been only partially studied in the literature. To assess the influence of the pipeline parameters on the dimensions of the resulting crater, a statistical analysis of accidental ruptures of buried natural gas pipelines that have involved the formation of a crater was carried out. Mathematical expressions are proposed to describe the proportionality relationships found, which can be very useful to support adequate separation distances in the design and construction of parallel corridors of pipelines after appropriate escalating effects are considered. Finally, detailed event trees were developed to calculate the probability of occurrence of the final outcomes, as well as the identified domino sequences, based on a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data. The study of these accident scenarios, based on actual cases, represents a useful and needed advance in risk analysis of natural gas transportation through pipelines.