Developing Canada's National Forest Carbon Monitoring, Accounting and Reporting System to Meet the Reporting Requirements of the Kyoto Protocol

The rate of carbon accumulation in the atmosphere can be reduced by decreasing emissions from the burning of fossil fuels and by increasing the net uptake (or reducing the net loss) of carbon in terrestrial (and aquatic) ecosystems. The Kyoto Protocol addresses both the release and uptake of carbon. Canada is developing a National Forest Carbon Monitoring, Accounting and Reporting System in support of its international obligations to report greenhouse gas sources and sinks. This system employs forest-inventory data, growth and yield information, and statistics on natural disturbances, management actions and land-use change to estimate forest carbon stocks, changes in carbon stocks, and emissions of non-CO₂ greenhouse gases. A key component of the system is the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS). The model is undergoing extensive revisions to enable analyses at four spatial scales (national, provincial, forest management unit and stand) and in annual time steps. The model and the supporting databases can be used to assess carbon-stock changes between 1990 and the present, and to predict future carbon-stock changes based on scenarios of future disturbance rates and management actions.     

沸石在水处理中的应用

本文介绍了中国沸石的种类及其分布概况，以产自甘肃省白银市的斜发沸石为研究对象，对其化学组成及分子晶格形式作了较为详尽的阐述，经实验室检测出其化学组成及物化指标，且对沸石作为吸附剂、离子交换剂、催化剂处理废水的作用机理进行了深入的探讨，对于天然沸石改性进行了实验研究，得出采用氯化钠溶液对天然沸石改性的效果比较理想，改性溶液的最佳浓度为0．9mol/L。研究沸石在沸水处理领域中的应用，分析了沸石处理各类废水的机理，并对沸石处理废水的前景进行了展望。     

Carbon Dioxide Balance of Wood Substitution: Comparing Concrete- and Wood-Framed Buildings

In this study a method is suggested to compare the net carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission from the construction of concrete- and wood-framed buildings. The method is then applied to two buildings in Sweden and Finland constructed with wood frames, compared with functionally equivalent buildings constructed with concrete frames. Carbon accounting includes: emissions due to fossil fuel use in the production of building materials; the replacement of fossil fuels by biomass residues from logging, wood processing, construction and demolition; carbon stock changes in forests and buildings; and cement process reactions. The results show that wood-framed construction requires less energy, and emits less CO₂ to the atmosphere, than concrete-framed construction. The lifecycle emission difference between the wood- and concrete-framed buildings ranges from 30 to 130 kg C per m² of floor area. Hence, a net reduction of CO₂ emission can be obtained by increasing the proportion of wood-based building materials, relative to concrete materials. The benefits would be greatest if the biomass residues resulting from the production of the wood building materials were fully used in energy supply systems. The carbon mitigation efficiency, expressed in terms of biomass used per unit of reduced carbon emission, is considerably better if the wood is used to replace concrete building material than if the wood is used directly as biofuel.     

减噪路面的降噪机理及其结构

阐述了减噪路面的降噪机理，并提供了几种减噪路面结构及实测数据，对高速公路设计有着重要的参考意义。     

氨法烟气脱硫脱硝的技术特征

氨法烟气脱硫脱硝具有显著的技术优势:脱硫效率高,脱硫脱硝一举两得,不耗费热量不产生废渣,脱硫剂利用充分用量小,不损害设备有节能功效。脱硫剂利用率可达90%以上,脱硫效率可达90%以上、脱硝效率可达80%以上;脱硫剂用量是钙法工艺的十到二十分之一;副产物为可以直接利用的化学肥料,而非难于处置的废渣。     

Ni2+对2-氯酚厌氧降解系统的影响

针对重金属对难降解有毒有机物厌氧降解的影响问题,采用间歇试验法研究Ni2 对2-氯酚(2-CP)厌氧降解系统的影响规律.结果表明,当ρ(Ni2 )＜5 mg/L时,Ni2 对2-CP厌氧降解表现出轻度促进,当ρ(Ni2 )为5～500 mg/L,Ni2 以抑制作用为主,抑制作用随ρ(Ni2 )的增加而增强.Ni2 对原基质及关键中间产物苯酚和苯甲酸的抑制程度表现为:苯酚＞苯甲酸＞2-CP;ρ(Ni2 )低时的驯化能有效提高厌氧污泥对Ni2 毒性的耐受性能,300 mg/L Ni2 对2-CP降解的抑制从驯化前的65%降至驯化后的21%.Ni2 对2-CP厌氧降解的抑制作用与污泥中Ni的截留量之间存在正相关关系.抑制浓度CIP值和方程αC=[1-(I/I*)m]/[1 (I/I*)n)]能较好地表征厌氧生物处理过程受抑制程度.     

Toxic effects of wastewater from various phases of monosodium glutamate production on seed germination and root elongation of crops

To make a comprehensive assessment on monosodium glutamate (MSG) wastewater pollution, a pollution exposure experiment was carried out on the seed germination and root elongation of wheat, Chinese cabbage and tomato by using the wastewater discharged from different processing phases of MSG production. The results showed that there were significantly positive linear relationships between the inhibitory rates of wheat seed germination and root elongation and the COD_cr of the mother liquor scraps. The toxicity of MSG wastewater to the test crops was in the order of tomato > Chinese cabbage > wheat, indicating that tomato was the most sensitive to the wastewater, and could be considered as an ideal toxic bioindicator. The half-effect concentrations (IC₅₀) based on the seed germination and root elongation of the test crops exposed to the wastewater discharged from various processing phases of MSG production was 22.0–32 432 and 17.3–3320 mg/L, respectively. Translated from Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2006, 17(7): 1286–1290 [译自: 应用生态学报]     

实施大气氟化物排污权交易的改进意见

在环保管理引入市场机制的条件下，如何推行并实施大气氟化物排污交易工作，本文就在法律、科研、管理、机构及经济手段等方面提出改进意见，供参考。     

乙烯废碱液综合治理技术探讨

分析了乙烯裂解气碱洗过程所排放废液的组成及性质，讨论了该废液的除油方法及综合治理和利用的途径。     

甲硫醚废气制取二甲基亚砜技术研究

选择双氧水作氧化剂，将具有恶臭气味的涕灭威生产的副产物甲硫醚氧化成无臭的二甲基亚砜。通过实验，优化了工艺条件，减少了安全隐患，提高了二甲基亚砜的产率，消除了恶臭污染。