首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   261篇
  免费   34篇
  国内免费   78篇
安全科学   36篇
废物处理   8篇
环保管理   35篇
综合类   151篇
基础理论   54篇
污染及防治   26篇
评价与监测   11篇
社会与环境   33篇
灾害及防治   19篇
  2023年   1篇
  2022年   11篇
  2021年   11篇
  2020年   6篇
  2019年   7篇
  2018年   8篇
  2017年   10篇
  2016年   18篇
  2015年   11篇
  2014年   15篇
  2013年   30篇
  2012年   13篇
  2011年   33篇
  2010年   22篇
  2009年   16篇
  2008年   16篇
  2007年   23篇
  2006年   15篇
  2005年   11篇
  2004年   17篇
  2003年   10篇
  2002年   8篇
  2001年   5篇
  2000年   10篇
  1999年   6篇
  1998年   9篇
  1997年   7篇
  1996年   7篇
  1995年   4篇
  1993年   3篇
  1991年   1篇
  1989年   1篇
  1988年   4篇
  1987年   1篇
  1986年   1篇
  1985年   1篇
  1970年   1篇
排序方式: 共有373条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
In this paper, a discrete-time game model related to a bioresource management problem (fish catching) is considered. We divide a fishery into regions, which are exploited by single players. The center (referee) shares a reservoir between the competitors. The players (countries), which harvest the fish stock are the participants of this game.We assume that there are migratory exchanges between the regions of the reservoir. Therefore, the stock in one region depends not only on the previous stock and catch in the region, but also on the stock and catch in neighboring regions. We derive the Nash and cooperative equilibria for an infinite planning horizon.We consider two ways to maintain the cooperation: incentive equilibrium and time-consistent imputation distribution procedure. We investigate the cooperative incentive equilibrium in the case when the center punishes players for a deviation.Also we consider the case when the center is a player and find the Shapley value and time-consistent imputation distribution procedure. We introduce a new condition which offers an incentive to players to keep cooperating.  相似文献   
82.
气候舱法凭借可靠的环境模拟特性和非破坏性,是目前国际与国内广泛采用的实验室检测方法,常用于检测木制品家具、建筑材料和汽车中的有害物质。本研究测定挥发性有机化合物组分的气候舱法回收率,发现持续注射甲苯3h后浓度才达到动态平衡,3h后的平均回收率为87.7%,证明动态平衡法适用于测定气候舱回收率的测定,同时证明了气候舱法测定VOC组分能够符合标准的要求。  相似文献   
83.
Abstract

There is an obvious departure from the regional equilibrium of developments between the upper and lower reaches of the Pearl River in Guangdong, which resulted in “the effects of contra-geography-grads development”. It is mainly because the upriver mountainous areas have been deeply stuck in industrialization delay and marginalization plights, so that nearly 40 million local people have conceived a dream to get rid of “the vicious circle of poverty” by speeding up industrial development. But the problem is that such industrialization efforts on a large scale in mountainous areas are encountering the bottleneck of environmental capacity that strictly limits industrial emissions along the upper reaches of any water system. As a solution, an institutional arrangement called “the Local Area Quotas for Industrial Emis-sions along the Pearl River” is put forward supposed to give corresponding compensation to the rights of industrial development yielded by some areas with lower environmental capacity through the distribution and trading of IDQs.  相似文献   
84.
铀在土壤中的吸附动力学   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
胡立  梁斌  周敏娟 《四川环境》2011,30(1):21-25
以四川盆地红层丘陵区涪江河谷两岸广泛分布的第四系中更新统亚粘土为对象,用动态法测定了铀在该土壤中的平衡吸附量,为极低放废物的处置提供一些理论依据。研究了流速、土壤粒度及铀溶液初始浓度对土壤吸附铀的影响,并用常用的吸附动力学方程对实验数据进行了拟合。结果表明:土壤粒度小的平衡吸附量较大;流速越小、平衡吸附量越大;铀溶液的初始浓度越大,平衡吸附量越大;在用动力学方程拟合时,E lovich方程的拟合度最好;该土壤对铀的最大吸附率为61.1%,吸附性能较差。  相似文献   
85.
灾害旅游的发展是出于经济动机和社会动机两方面的驱动,但这两方面动机之间存在天然的矛盾.因此,有必要引入伦理学的思想来分析灾害旅游中的伦理均衡问题,尤其是涉及范围较广的利益相关者的均衡问题.从利益相关者的视角出发,探讨了灾害旅游中的伦理均衡实现的动力,即各利益主体"利己"和"利他"的对立统一性.在对灾害旅游中的利益相关者进行界定的基础上,分析了各利益相关者面临的伦理冲突,并对伦理均衡进行了讨论.  相似文献   
86.
This study assesses the incidence of pollution control policies on households. In contrast to previous studies, we employ an integrated framework combining a multisector general equilibrium model with a stochastic dominance analysis using household-level data. We consider three policy instruments in a domestic emission trading system: (i) an output-based allocation (OBA) of permits; (ii) the use of the proceeds of permit sales to reduce payroll taxes (RPT); (iii) and the use of these proceeds to reduce consumption taxes instead (UCS). The general equilibrium results suggest that the return to capital is more negatively affected than the wage rate in all simulations, since polluting industries are capital intensive. Abstracting from pollution externalities, the dominance analysis suggests that all three policies have a normatively robust negative (positive) impact on welfare (poverty). Formal dominance tests indicate that RPT first-order welfare dominates OBA over all values of household incomes. UCS also first-order poverty dominates RPT for any choice of poverty line below $CAN 18,600, and poverty dominates for any poverty line (and thus welfare dominates) at the second order. Finally, while the three pollution control policies do not have a numerically large impact on inequality (in comparison to the base run), statistical tests indicate that inequality increases significantly more with OBA and RPT than with UCS.  相似文献   
87.
Ecosystem constraints are both ontic and epistemic. They limit activity, and as problems to be solved they drive organization, which is our hypothesis:
The driver of organization is constraint.
Solutions proliferate further constraints in an unending spiral of problem (constraint) generation and solution. As constraints proliferate, behavior narrows, and species diversify to compensate (paradox of constraint). Resource enrichment reduces constraints, releases behavior, and reduction of challenges decreases diversity (paradox of enrichment)—high diversity is expressed in low-resource environments and low diversity in high-resource environments. A three-part model of constraints is formulated for non-living systems, and also for goal-directed, problem-solving biota. Mode 1: dynamical means behavior is co-determined by internal states and external inputs. Mode 2: cybernetic employs negative feedback to keep dynamics within goal-oriented operating limits. Mode 3: model-making entails ability to represent (model) physical reality and respond to both phenomenal (modeled) and physical inputs; this property distinguishes living from nonliving systems. Principal sections of the paper elaborate dynamical constraints (three classes), boundary constraints (expressed in edge effects and trophic dynamics), physical constraints (space, time, temperature), chemical constraints (environment fitness, ecological stoichiometry, chemical evolution, limiting factors), coding constraints (environmental vs. genetic coding), network and pathway constraints (connectivity), and natural selection constraints (fitting to the biosphere). Consideration of how the world would look without constraints suggests how fundamental these are in ecosystem emergence, and how the next property in this series, differentiation, would be unmotivated without them. We conclude that constraints as a category are under-studied in ecology, poorly understood in ecological phenomenology, and (our hypothesis) comprise a ubiquitous organizing force in nature.  相似文献   
88.
The main principle of the economic approach to a trophic system we propose here lies in assuming that there is a transfer of food along a path between a prey and a predator if, for the predator, the benefits are greater than costs of predation on this path. Conversely, if the costs exceed the benefits, there are no flows. This trade-off, considered all along the food chains of an ecosystem, together with ecological processes (assimilation, somatic maintenance) results in a model coupling mass balance equations (biological constraints) and complementarity principles (Walras’ law). Here is the core of the Network Economics Approach to Trophic Systems (NEATS).  相似文献   
89.
北京气象塔夏季大气臭氧观测研究   总被引:26,自引:4,他引:22  
2000年夏季7~8月,以北京325m气象塔为观测平台,分别在8,120,280m高度上进行了大气污染物臭氧(O3)及其前体物氮氧化物(NOx)和气象要素加强期的同步观测.对观测资料的分析表明,边界层内存在明显的臭氧浓度垂直差异;低层臭氧浓度呈明显的日变化,且昼夜振幅较大;对O3浓度与NO2/NO的比值作线性拟合分析发现,白天(10:00~16:00)O3浓度与[NO2/NO]的比值成线性关系,即达到光化学稳定态,但受气象背景场影响较大.  相似文献   
90.
胡敏酸对铜的鱼鳃生物有效性影响的计算机模拟   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
以彩虹方头鱼为模拟对象,用鱼鳃微环境测定装置和化学平衡计算方法(MINTEQA2),计算了含和不含胡敏酸的人工河水及暴露于其中的鱼鳃微环境中,不同pH条件下,铜的形态分布.研究了胡敏酸对鱼鳃内外的铜的形态分布及其生物有效性的影响,并讨论了pH对此的影响.计算结果表明,当胡敏酸存在时,胡敏酸络合态铜成为鱼鳃内外铜形态分布体系中的优势态,并引起铜生物有效性的降低.鱼鳃粘液和胡敏酸的共同作用使鱼鳃微环境中的生物有效铜含量低于外部水相.pH对铜形态分布及生物有效性的影响主要发生在碱性环境下.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号